Development of a financial management system in a CIMS environment

This research is based on the Anshan Project, a cool strip millwork computer integrated manufacturing system (LZ-CIMS). The study describes the design and completion of a LZ-CIMS financial management system that was developed using an Oracle database with client/server architecture and Developer/2000. During the development of the system, the study explores the use of both software engineering and database theory and Oracle RDBMS to discuss the integrating methods of financial information.     

ISG型中混合动力汽车镍氢电池管理系统的研制

以ISG型中混合动力汽车(HEV)用镍氢动力电池组为控制对象,设计了以数字信号处理器(DSP)为控制核心的电池管理系统(BMS)。该系统应用复杂逻辑控制器件和光耦开关阵列,实现了各路模块电压和总电压的分时、周期性采集。在电流和温度的采样方面,以简便、实用的硬件电路对传感器信号进行转换,并进行软件滤波处理,得到准确的采样值。在采样准确的基础上,实现了基于查表-线性插值算法的电池组最大充放电功率的估算,并应用卡尔曼滤波方法对电池荷电状态(SOC)进行了预估,从而准确地反映出电池的能量状态,使整车能更好地分配能量的使用。     

等离子体增强化学气相沉积设备的研制

本文介绍非晶硅薄膜太阳能电池生产线的核心设备——等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD, Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)系统,并阐述了其重要地位.非晶硅太阳能电池制造的关键技术是非晶硅薄膜的制备,目前最常见的制备方法是PECVD技术.PECVD技术凭借其低温沉积、可大面积成膜、成膜均匀等特点,在非晶硅薄膜制备方面迅速发展.PECVD系统用于制备非晶硅太阳能电池的关键结构P、I、N硅薄膜层.本文阐述了该设备的结构特点、技术指标、工作原理及工艺过程,对沉积室的结构和配置进行了详细设计计算,非晶硅太阳能电池稳定后的转化效率可达6％.     

Consensus oriented fuzzified decision support for oil spill contingency management

Studies on multi-group multi-criteria decision-making problems for oil spill contingency management are in their infancy. This paper presents a second-order fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) model to resolve decision-making problems in the area of contingency management after environmental disasters such as oil spills. To assess the performance of different oil combat strategies, second-order FCE allows for the utilization of lexical information, the consideration of ecological and socio-economic criteria and the involvement of a variety of stakeholders. On the other hand, the new approach can be validated by using internal and external checks, which refer to sensitivity tests regarding its internal setups and comparisons with other methods, respectively. Through a case study, the Pallas oil spill in the German Bight in 1998, it is demonstrated that this approach can help decision makers who search for an optimal strategy in multi-thread contingency problems and has a wider application potential in the field of integrated coastal zone management.     

Development of the Swedish bridge management system by introducing a LMS concept

The Swedish Road Administration (SRA) has developed an information technology (IT) based bridge and tunnel management system (BaTMan) that is widely implemented by the organisation. The system is a tool for operational, tactical and strategic management. However, this system does not include systems and tools for managing optimisation and long-term planning of␣Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) actions due to service life performance aspects. This paper discusses the need of service life performance analysis for sound optimisation and long-term planning of MR&R actions in the bridge management. The paper presents a service life performance analysis model that is based on a Markov chain model and the MEDIC method. The model is developed to manage different kinds of degradation characteristic and yet present a uniform result expressed in conditional probabilities. The paper discusses also the need of systems and tools for describing objects on both an overall level and on a component level.     

A multi-agent system for chemical supply chain simulation and management support

Modern chemical production is customer-driven and the desired delivery time for the products is often shorter than their campaign length. In addition, the raw materials supplying time is often long. These features make it desirable to provide tools to support collaborative supply chain decision making, preferably over the Internet, and where there are conflicts, compromise decisions can be quickly reached and the effects of the decisions can be quantitatively simulated. This paper des cribes such a multi-agent system (MAS) that can be used to simulate the dynamic behaviour and support the management of chemical supply chains over the Internet. Geographically distributed retailers, logistics, warehouses, plants and raw material suppliers are modelled as an open and re-configurable network of co-operative agents, each performing one or more supply chain functions. Communication between agents is made through the common agent communication language KQML (knowledge query message language). A t the simulation layer, the MAS allows distributed simulation of the chain behaviour dynamically, so that compromise decisions can be rapidly and quantitatively evaluated. Because in a chemical supply chain the scheduling of the plant often dominates the chain performance, an optimum scheduling system for batch plants is integrated into the MAS. The functions of the system are illustrated by reference to a case study for the supply and manufacture using a multi-purpose batch plant of paints and coatings.     

高等院校教学管理软件系统开发

针对高等院校的教学管理现状 ,通过分析教学管理的总体结构和基本功能 ,利用Delphi、SQLServer数据库技术实现教学管理软件系统的开发。     

计量信息管理系统的开发与应用

根据现代计量管理方法和使用先进的计算机网络技术开发出计量信息管理系统,阐述了对计量工作实现计算机化管理的必要性、意义和作用,介绍了用于现代化企业的通用计量信息管理系统的结构、功能及应用情况.实践证明,计量工作的计算机管理减轻了计量部门对计量器具管理的劳动强度,实现了对全厂计量工作的优化管理.     

Reaction-diffusion in a simple pooled chemical system

The reaction scheme based on the cubic autocatalator A + 2B→ 3B B → C is considered in a closed vessel with the reactant Abeing replenished by the slow decay of a precursor Pvia the simple step P→A The concentration of Pis assumed to be very much larger than that of the intermediates Aand Bso that the pooled chemical approximation can be made. Spatial variations are allowed for within the vessel and it is assumed that initially the vessel contains only the reactant Pand that at time ? = 0 a quantity of B,characterized by the parameter β_o; is introduced into some localized region. The long-time behaviour is discussed and it is shown that this depends on the parameters β_oand μ(where μis a non-dimensional parameter representing the reaction rates) with the value of the diffusion parameter λ effectively controlling the form of the transient path leading to the final behaviour. Analytic solutions are derived for the cases when β_ois small and λ is large. These are complemented by numerical solutions for general values of the parameters. It is found that there are three possibilities: a finite equilibrium may be reached with Aand Bhaving constant concentrations, the concentrations of Aand Bmay oscillate, or Bmay die away leaving just the conversion of P to AIn the first two cases it is found that this behaviour is left behind a propagating reaction-diffusion front. The nature of this front is analysed in detail.     

Development of a new production management system for the co-elevation of humanity and productivity

This paper reports development activities for a new production management system aiming to obtain excellent product quality and high productivity by heightening the morale of the workers and by harmonizing the workers' human needs with the company's organizational needs

In the course of proceeding with the development of the new production management system, first, the needs of workers as a whole and as individuals were analysed by the multivariate analysis method, so as to clarify the differences in their motivations in regards of the workers' attributes, working environments and the management systems

Secondly, several proposals for improvement were presented to workers as a whole and as individuals and such proposed improvements were experimentally implemented one after another in order to harmonize the human needs with the organizational needs.     

Installation of a multiplexed Raman system in a chemical process

A 785 nm laser dispersive Raman system was installed in a hazardous chemical production plant to monitor two reactors, a still, and a holding tank with measurement directly through sight glasses. Compositional information for several raw materials, intermediates, and products was obtained using partial least squares (PLS) calibrations. Discriminate analysis was used to exclude extremely poor spectra while including usable ones. Derivative/standard normal variate (SNV) treatment was found to be effective for correcting for background fluorescence and for large differences in spectral intensity. Final regression equations incorporated temperature fluctuations, occasional fluorescence, some sunlight effects, large intensity variations, and large compositional changes. Various installation problems were solved via data treatment or mechanical changes. The Raman system provides information for control of the process, resulting in cost savings and improved safety.     

Corporate crisis management managing a major crisis in a chemical facility

Chemical sites should have well trained and organized emergency response plans to manage an incident within the plant or during transport. The implementation of an incident command system utilizing either internal resources or external response through mutual aid agreements is generally sufficient to address the direct impact of an event on the site. When the site resources become overwhelmed in addressing resulting issues such as press releases, medical advice/support, employees and family support, Agency notifications, etc, Corporate should be ready and able to respond. This paper, taken from an in-depth CCPS workshop led by the author, describes an outline for corporate assistance in the event of a major incident at a site or during transportation.     

On the structural stability of a simple pooled chemical system

The effect of adding the uncatalysed reaction step to the cubic autocatalator in a closed system is examined under the pooled chemical approximation. The addition of this extra step has a dramatic effect on the overall reaction over the parameter range where, without this step, the pooled chemical approximation breaks down. It is found that, no matter how slow the uncatalysed reaction, the pooled chemical approximation now remains valid throughout. There is a parameter range where there is oscillatory behaviour, these oscillations arising from points of Hopf bifurcation.     

Periodic optimization of a chemical reactor system using perturbation methods

Summary A perturbation approach is presented to the periodic optimization problem of certain classes of nonlinear dynamical systems, for small-amplitude forcing functions, and within specific frequency ranges derived from Guardabassi's-criterion. The procedure is illustrated by means of a classical example in chemical engineering, involving the optimal periodic operation of a continuous stirred tank reactor, in which two parallel reactions take place. The analysis is performed at cycling frequencies slightly above the minimum frequency, where, according to the-criterion, performance improvement by cycling becomes possible. The per cent production gains over the optimal stationary operation are evaluated, as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations allowed to exist in the system, and as a function of the process parameters. Also the characteristics of the control and state waveforms are analysed. Thus the existence and practical applicability are demonstrated of a mathematical relationship between the optimal periodic control problem, the-criterion, and the theory of perturbations.     

Characterizing polarization management in a p-HMPD system

It has been a common challenge to operate optical see-through head-mounted displays in well-lit environments due to the low image brightness and contrast compared with the direct view of a real-world scene. This problem is aggravated in the design of a see-through head-mounted projection display (HMPD) in which the projected light is split twice by a beam splitter and further attenuated greatly by a retroreflective screen. A polarizing head-mounted projection display (p-HMPD) design was recently proposed to enhance the overall flux transfer efficiency and thus increase the brightness and contrast of displayed images. Different from the conventional nonpolarizing HMPD designs, the light polarization states in the p-HMPD system are deliberately manipulated to maximize the flux transfer efficiency, which can potentially result in three times higher efficiency than that of a nonpolarizing HMPD. By measuring the Mueller matrices of the major elements in both a p-HMPD and a nonpolarizing HMPD, we characterize the polarization dependence of each element on incident angles and wavelengths, and also investigate the depolarization effect of the retroreflective screen. Based on these experimental results, we further examine the overall luminance efficiencies of the two types of systems and analyze how various aspects of display performances are affected by the angular and chromatic dependence of the polarization components.     

Evaluation of natural attenuation rate at a gasoline spill site

Contamination of groundwater by gasoline and other petroleum-derived hydrocarbons released from underground storage tanks (USTs) is a serious and widespread environmental problem. Natural attenuation is a passive remedial approach that depends upon natural processes to degrade and dissipate contaminants in soil and groundwater. Currently, in situ column technique, microcosm, and computer modeling have been applied for the natural attenuation rate calculation. However, the subsurface heterogeneity reduces the applicability of these techniques. In this study, a mass flux approach was used to calculate the contaminant mass reduction and field-scale decay rate at a gasoline spill site. The mass flux technique is a simplified mass balance procedure, which is accomplished using the differences in total contaminant mass flux across two cross-sections of the contaminant plume. The mass flux calculation shows that up to 87% of the dissolved total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) isomers removal was observed via natural attenuation at this site. The efficiency of natural biodegradation was evaluated by the in situ tracer method, and the first-order decay model was applied for the natural attenuation/biodegradation rate calculation. Results reveal that natural biodegradation was the major cause of the BTEX mass reduction among the natural attenuation processes, and approximately 88% of the BTEX removal was due to the natural biodegradation process. The calculated total BTEX first-order attenuation and biodegradation rates were 0.036 and 0.025% per day, respectively. Results suggest that the natural attenuation mechanisms can effectively contain the plume, and the mass flux method is useful in assessing the occurrence and efficiency of the natural attenuation process.     

Design of a tool management system in a flexible cell

In this work we describe the design of a tool management system of a flexible manufacturing facility operating in the avionics components industry, The design included several modifications to the existing system. While previously the tool handling devices were used only to perform machine setup, the modifications allowed the tools to be shared among machines. This allowed a full exploitation of the flexibility of the system. In the work we thoroughly report on the procedures implemented for the determination of tools to be duplicated, for part routeing and scheduling, and for tool movements synchronization.     

Experimental study of the spill and vaporization of a volatile liquid

Pool and vapor cloud characteristics of an acetone spill issuing from the downstream wall of a flow obstruction oriented perpendicular to a uniform flow were investigated experimentally. Data indicate that the spill event was largely governed by the temperature of the surface in relation to the boiling point of the spilled liquid. The free stream velocity (ranging from 0.75 to 3.0m/s) also impacted the spreading of the spill. Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) was used to measure acetone vapor concentrations during the transient pool spreading and vaporization in a window 60cm long by 50cm high and located downstream of the 16cm high obstruction. The recirculation region induced by the flow obstruction caused upstream transport of the acetone vapor along the spill surface, after which it was convected vertically along the obstruction wall before being entrained into the flow and convected downstream. The recirculating flow caused regions of vapor within the flammability limits to be localized near the flow obstruction. These regions moved into and out of the measurement plane by large three-dimensional flow structures. The flammable region of the evolved vapor cloud was observed to grow well past the downstream edge of the measurement domain. With decreasing wind speeds, both the mass of acetone vapor within the flammability limits and the total spill event time increased significantly. The data presented herein provides a basis for validating future spill models of hazardous chemical releases, where complex turbulent flow modeling must be coupled with spill spreading and vaporization dynamics.     

Modelling and analysis of a symbiotic waste management system

A municipal solid waste management system is symbiotic when there exists physical exchange of material or by-products between different treatment units. We propose a mathematical model for studying the interactive behaviour of different waste treatment operators in a symbiotic environment. Each operator is a self-interested entity, who sets his gate fee charge to maximise his own payoff. We study the properties and gate fee strategies of the operators, and also perform sensitivity analysis on various model parameters to discuss the local operator behaviour and the effects of various intervention strategies. We also propose a numerical algorithm to solve the model, yielding the optimal equilibrium gate fee charges, payoff and market share levels of different operators. Finally, computational studies based on a two-unit scenario in a case study of organic waste recycling is performed to demonstrate the interactive and dynamic behaviours of different operators. Our results strongly suggest that, to improve new treatment technology utilisation, subsidising the operating cost of the new treatment unit is more effective in the long-run than exerting control on the gate fee upper bounds of the operators by the system regulator. Furthermore, providing residual post-treatment discounts for treatment units can benefit the service users, rather than the waste treatment operators.