多次重复固溶时效处理对TB15钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机和扫描电镜等手段研究了多次重复固溶时效处理对TB15钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着固溶时效处理重复次数的增加,TB15钛合金的显微组织发生了较为明显的变化,次生α相合并长大,原始β晶粒晶界增厚;1次固溶时效处理后合金的综合力学性能达到最优,随着固溶时效处理重复次数的增加,合金的强度和断裂韧度均降低,伸长率和断面收缩率也急剧降低,断裂类型从韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变;相同工艺参数的重复固溶时效处理不能实现在不大幅降低强度和断裂韧度的前提下改善该合金的室温塑性。     

高强韧TB8钛合金的热处理制度

研究了不同固溶时效热处理制度对TB8钛合金棒材组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明,TB8钛合金棒材在890 ℃固溶热处理后可以得到单一等轴β组织,随着保温时间的延长,强度逐渐降低。经520 ℃不同时间时效处理后,β晶粒中析出大量次生α相,使得棒材强度显著增加。当时效保温时间为8 h时,TB8钛合金棒材时效强度达1286 MPa,并保留较好的塑性。推荐TB8钛合金棒材的固溶时效热处理制度为:890 ℃×30 min,WQ+520 ℃×8 h,AC。     

固溶冷却方式对TB15钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜观察、拉伸和断裂韧性测试研究了不同固溶冷却方式下TB15钛合金经900 ℃×2 h固溶+530 ℃×8 h时效后的力学性能、断口形貌和显微组织。结果表明,固溶冷却方式对TB15钛合金强度和塑性的影响较大,对断裂韧性的影响较小。固溶后回充0.1 MPa氩气真空气冷时,合金的综合力学性能最好,抗拉强度为1391 MPa,伸长率为7.0%,断面收缩率为13.6%,断裂韧度为70.3 MPa·m^1/2。随着固溶冷却速率的增加,TB15钛合金的断裂韧度逐渐减小,但变化幅度不大。不同固溶冷却方式下,TB15钛合金经固溶时效后的次生α相数量、厚度及片层间距有所不同。与空冷相比,回充0.1 MPa氩气真空气冷的片层状次生α相数量增多,厚度略有增加,片层间距有所增大。     

高强钛合金斜轧管材组织性能的研究

研究了高强钛合金TB2斜轧穿孔管材的组织和力学性能,并对拉伸试样断口形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,TB2合金斜轧穿孔管材晶粒细化,斜轧态为完全β单相组织,时效后为α+β两相的等轴组织;斜轧态和固溶状态塑性指标较高,有利于进一步塑性加工,时效后强度较高;管材拉伸试样断口分析发现,斜轧态和固溶状态表现为布满韧窝的塑性断口,时效后为韧脆混合断口。     

时效温度对TB15钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同时效温度对固溶态TB15钛合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着时效温度从520 ℃升高到540 ℃,TB15钛合金的拉伸强度和屈服强度先增加后减小,在530 ℃时效处理后可以获得最高的抗拉强度和屈服强度;时效处理后合金塑性偏低,其变化规律与强度相反。在断裂韧性方面,随着时效温度的上升,TB15钛合金的断裂韧性逐渐提高。固溶态TB15钛合金经不同温度时效处理后,析出大量的次生α片层相,等轴β组织转变为片层α和β转变组织。     

热处理对激光立体成形TB18钛合金组织和力学性能的影响

采用BLT-C1000型激光立体成形设备制备了沉积态的TB18钛合金,然后采用OM、SEM和拉伸试验机等方法研究了不同热处理工艺对TB18钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,沉积态试验合金的宏观组织以长条形β晶粒为主,晶内由亚稳β相和针状次生α相组成,且存在贯穿β晶粒的沉积层线。随着直接时效温度的升高,原始β晶粒形状变化不大,内部次生α相厚度增加,在形貌上次生α相从针状向片状转变。直接时效温度高于550 ℃时,沉积层线消失,直接固溶温度高于830 ℃时显微组织以全β晶粒组成。固溶+时效处理后,微观组织以纵横交错的细层片状α相为主。随着直接时效温度的升高,抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,伸长率增加。固溶+时效后析出次生α相,抗拉强度和屈服强度显著增加,同时伸长率下降。综合考虑,实际生产中沉积态的TB18钛合金的最佳热处理工艺为直接时效500 ℃×4 h,此时强度和伸长率均高于指标要求。     

固溶处理和人工时效对Al-Cu合金显微组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

对Al-Cu合金进行析出强化和人工时效处理以获得优异的力学性能,如高的强度、好的韧性。其热处理工艺条件为:510～530℃固溶处理2h;60℃水淬;160～190℃人工时效2～8h。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析、透射电镜和拉伸实验对经固溶和人工时效处理的Al-Cu合金的组织和力学性能进行表征。固溶处理实验结果表明,Al-Cu合金的力学性能随着固溶处理温度的升高先增加,然后降低。这是由于Al-Cu合金的残余相逐渐溶解进入基体中,从而导致析出相的数量和再结晶晶粒尺寸不断增加。相较于固溶处理温度,固溶处理时间对Al-Cu合金的影响较小。人工时效处理实验结果表明,合金经180℃时效8h,可以获得最大的拉伸强度。合金的最大拉伸强度和屈服强度随着时效时间的延长和温度的升高而升高。     

固溶时效对TB6钛合金锻件组织和性能的影响

采用不同固溶温度和不同时效温度对TB6钛合金自由锻件进行热处理,通过室温拉伸和断裂韧性检测和高低倍组织检测,获得力学性能和高低倍组织的变化规律和变化程度.结果表明:固溶选用750～760℃水冷,时效选用520℃～530℃空冷,室温拉伸和断裂韧性具有较好的匹配性,低倍晶粒较细,高倍组织中初生α相较多.     

Swaging and heat treatment studies on sintered 90W–6Ni–2Fe–2Co tungsten heavy alloy

The effect of swaging deformation and low temperature aging on mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloy (90W–6Ni–2Fe–2Co) was studied. The alloy was prepared by conventional hydrogen sintering followed by vacuum heat treatment and swaging with varying reductions in area (ranging from 10 to 75%). The swaged samples were aged in nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 300 to 1100 °C followed by microstructure and mechanical property evaluation. Both microstructure and mechanical properties were sensitively dependent on the amount of deformation imparted during swaging. Subsequently, aging also influenced the properties depending upon the aging temperature. Detailed fractographic study revealed that the fracture mode of the alloy changed from intergranular to transgranular mode depending upon thermo-mechanical processing. Aging treatment after swaging affected the fracture morphology of alloy considerably. Samples aged at 500 °C showed predominant transgranular failure of tungsten grains, whereas the one heat treated at 700 °C showed increasing evidence ductile tear. Based on the results, an approach for optimizing mechanical properties that involves heat treatment and swaging operation was proposed.     

Allotropic phase transformation and high-temperature tensile deformation behaviour of powder metallurgy Ti-5553 alloy

Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr metastable beta titanium alloy was prepared by rapid thermomechanical powder consolidation approach from blended elemental powder mixture. Allotropic phase transformation and high-temperature tensile behaviour of the consolidated powder metallurgy Ti-5553 alloy were investigated in this work. The studied alloy has a high β phase transformation temperature of 975 °C±5 °C, which is higher than other conventional ingot metallurgy Ti-5553 alloys. The β grains in the microstructure of the alloy are coarsened significantly with increasing the heating temperature from 890 °C to 1050 °C, however, the grain coarsening tendency is mitigated when the heat treatment temperature reach to the range of 1080 °C–1100 °C. The high-temperature tensile mechanical properties of the alloy are sensitive to both the deformation temperature and strain rate, and superplastic deformation of the alloy was achieved at the condition of 850 °C/0.001 s⁻¹ with the tensile elongation of 103.5%. The microstructural evolution characteristics and the fracture mechanisms of the alloy are varied with changing the deformation variables, which are revealed by the microstructure observation of the fractured specimens from different sampling positions.     

热机械加工对2099铝锂合金挤压材组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相组织观察、XRD分析、硬度和导电率测试等手段,研究了热机械加工(Thermo-Mechanical Processing, TMP)对2099铝锂合金挤压材组织、硬度、导电率、晶间腐蚀及剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：与经T83 (540 ℃/2 h固溶、3%预压缩、121 ℃/14 h + 181 ℃/48 h时效)热处理的2099铝锂合金挤压材相比,经TMP(540 ℃/2 h固溶、400 ℃/48 h过时效、约50%大应变变形、540 ℃/2 h再结晶/固溶)+(121 ℃/14 h + 181 ℃/48 h时效)处理的2099铝锂合金挤压材发生了明显的再结晶,硬度（HV）降低(从2006.2 MPa到1865.3 MPa),位错强化亦降低,但导电率和抗晶间腐蚀性能明显提高,同时抗剥落腐蚀性能也有所提高。结果表明,热机械加工是不显著降低2099铝锂合金挤压材硬度,但显著提高其抗晶间腐蚀性能的有效途径     

FGH95镍基合金的蠕变行为及影响因素

通过蠕变曲线测定和组织形貌观察,研究FGH95合金的蠕变行为及影响因素。结果表明:经1150℃固溶和时效处理后,在晶界处有粗大γ′相不连续分布,其周围存在γ′相贫化区;经1165℃固溶和时效后,合金的晶粒尺寸明显长大,并在晶界形成连续的碳化物膜;经1160℃固溶后,合金中无粗大γ′相,在晶内弥散析出细小γ′相,其中,有粒状(Nb,Ti)C相在晶内及沿晶界不连续析出,可提高合金的晶界强度,抑制晶界滑移,是使合金具有较好蠕变抗力的主要原因。蠕变期间,合金的变形机制是位错剪切或绕过γ′相,蠕变后期,在晶内发生单取向和双取向滑移,并引起应力集中,致使裂纹在晶界处萌生及扩展是合金的蠕变断裂机制。     

TG6钛合金的热稳定性及其在高温下的部分恢复

Thermal Stability of TG6 Titanium Alloy and Its Partial Resumption at High Temperature     

Heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming (LSF) Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated. The influences of the temperature and time of solution treatment and aging treatment were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of LSFed samples consists of Widmanstätten α laths and a little acicular in columnar prior β grains with an average grain width of 300 µm, which grow epitaxially from the substrate along the deposition direction (Z). Solution treatment had an important effect on the width, aspect ratio, and volume fraction of primary and secondary α laths, and aging treatment mainly affects the aspect ratio and volume fraction of primary α laths and the width and volume fraction of secondary α laths. Globular α phase was first observed in LSFed samples when the samples were heat treated with solution treatment (950°C, 8 h/air cooling (AC)) or with solution treatment (950°C, 1 h/AC) and aging treatment (550°C, above 8 h/AC), respectively. The coarsening and globularization mechanisms of α phase in LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloy during heat treatment were presented. To obtain good integrated mechanical properties for LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloys, an optimized heat treatment regimen was suggested.     

Effects of extrusion and heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–8Zn–1Al–0.5Cu–0.5Mn alloy

The effects of extrusion and heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–8Zn–1Al–0.5Cu– 0.5Mn magnesium alloy were investigated. Bimodal microstructure is formed in this alloy when it is extruded at 230 and 260 °C, and complete DRX occurs at the extruding temperature of 290 °C. The basal texture of as-extruded alloys is reduced gradually with increasing extrusion temperature due to the larger volume fraction of recrystallized structure at higher temperatures. For the alloy extruded at 290 °C, four different heat treatments routes were investigated. After solution + aging treatments, the grains sizes become larger. Finer and far more densely dispersed precipitates are found in the alloy with solution + double-aging treatments compared with alloy with solution + single-aging treatment. Tensile properties are enhanced remarkably by solution + double-aging treatment with the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation being 298 MPa, 348 MPa and 18%, respectively. This is attributed to the combined effects of fine dynamically recrystallized grains and the uniformly distributed finer precipitates.     

热处理对粉末冶金Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金组织与性能的影响

以Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金粉为原料制备了粉末冶金试样,研究其在不同的固溶温度、冷压变形、时效温度和时效时间条件下的硬度,着重研究了840℃×15 min固溶+40%冷压变形条件下时效温度和时间对硬度及剪切强度的影响规律,采用金相及扫描电镜分析了相应的微观组织。结果表明,影响Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金硬度的主次因素为:冷压变形量>时效时间>时效温度>固溶温度,较优的工艺参数为840℃×15 min固溶+40%冷压变形+400℃×4 h时效,可获得37.6～38.3 HRC的高硬度和570～628 MPa的抗剪切强度。     

TB8钛合金固溶组织研究及神经网络预测

深入分析了各变形工艺参数对TB8合金固溶处理显微组织的影响规律,建立了固溶组织再结晶体积分数、平均晶粒尺寸与变形工艺参数间的神经网络预测模型。结果表明,冷却和热处理制度相同的条件下,变形温度、变形程度和应变速率等变形工艺参数对TB8钛合金形变且固溶处理后的显微组织有重要的影响,若想获得晶粒较为细小且均匀的组织,需要在合适的应变速率下适当提高变形程度和降低变形温度;人工神经网络的预测结果与实测结果的高度拟合,表明人工神经网络模型可以较为精确地预测TB8合金的显微组织随变形工艺参数的变化而变化的情况。以上研究工作为TB8合金热加工工艺的制定提供了更为科学的理论依据。     

Effect of heat treatment conditions on microstructure and wear behaviour of Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy

Al4Cu2Ni2Mg alloy is an age-hardenable aluminum alloy. The effect of different solution and aging heat treatment conditions on the microstructure, hardness and wear resistance of the alloy was studied. The cast specimens were solution treated and then artificially aged. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructures of the specimens. The hardness and wear tests were applied to understanding the effects of heat treatment. After aging for 8 h, the hardness of the alloy increases from HV₁₀ 96.5 to 151.1. Aging treatment for a longer duration causes a drop in the hardness because of over aging. Increasing the hardness of the alloy increases the wear resistance. As a result of all tests, solution heat treatment at 540 °C for 8 h and aging at 190 °C for 8 h were chosen for optimum heat treatment conditions for this alloy.     

Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-4Sm-0.4Zr alloy

A new rare earth magnesium alloy(Mg-6 Zn-4 Sm-0.4 Zr, wt.%) was prepared by permanent mould casting. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy sample in as-cast and various heat treatment situations were characterized with an optical microscope(OM), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscope(EDS), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and mechanical tests at room temperature, respectively. The experimental results show that the as-cast alloy mainly consists of α-Mg, eutectic Mg_2Zn_3, MgZnSm and Mg_(41)Sm_5. These eutectic phases with continuous or semicontinuous morphology principally distribute along grain boundaries. Almost all the eutectic compounds dissolve in α-Mg and the grains have no obvious growth trend after optimum solution treatment at 490 °C for 18 h. Meanwhile, the ultimate tensile strength(UTS) of 229 MPa and elongation(EL) to rupture of 9.78% can be achieved through the optimal solution treatment, which increase by 37 MPa and 57.74%, respectively, compared with that of the as-cast alloy. Further aging treatments at 200 °C for different durations lead to the conspicuous increment of mechanical properties and prominent age-hardening response. Peak-aged alloy(treated at 200 °C for 12 h) reveals better mechanical properties(UTS 258 MPa, EL 9.42%, hardness 73.4 HV) compared with the same alloy treated in other aging conditions, which is mainly ascribed to precipitated Mg_2Zn_3 and MgZn_2 phases. Fracture analysis demonstrates that the as-cast alloy belongs to inter-granular and cleavage fracture patterns, while the solutionized alloy(treated at 490 °C for 18 h) reveals trans-granular and quasi-cleavage fracture modes. For the peak-aged alloy, the fracture pattern obeys the mixture of trans-granular and cleavage modes.     

Effect of cold deformation and heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of TC21 Ti alloy

In the present research work on TC21 titanium alloy (6.5Al−3Mo−1.9Nb−2.2Sn−2.2Zr−1.5Cr), the effects of cold deformation, solution treatment with different cooling rates and then aging on microstructure, hardness and wear property were investigated. A cold deformation at room temperature with 15% reduction in height was applied on annealed samples. The samples were solution-treated at 920 °C for 15 min followed by different cooling rates of water quenching (WQ), air cooling (AC) and furnace cooling (FC) to room temperature. Finally, the samples were aged at 590 °C for 4 h. Secondary α-platelets precipitated in residual β-phase in the case of solution-treated samples with AC condition and aged ones. The maximum hardness of HV 470 was obtained for WQ + aging condition due to the presence of high amount of residual β-matrix (69%), while the minimum hardness of HV 328 was reported for FC condition. Aging process after solution treatment can considerably enhance the wear property and this enhancement can reach up to about 122% by applying aging after WQ compared with the annealed samples.