苦马豆素研究

苦马豆素是疯草的主要毒性成分,经研究表明其具有明显的抗肿瘤活性.本文主要对苦马豆素的研究简史、生化特性、来源、毒性及用途研究进行了较详细的说明.     

金龟子绿僵菌中苦马豆素的提取

称取金龟子绿僵菌干燥菌丝体200 g,甲醇浸泡24 h,减压浓缩至浸膏,c(HCl)=1 mol/L盐酸溶解后依次用环己烷、氯仿和正丁醇分段萃取,酸水液上732型强酸性阳离子交换树脂柱,c(NH3.H2O)=1 mol/L氨水洗脱并挥干,得到总生物碱。总生物碱用无水乙醇索氏提取24 h,挥干后干燥物上硅胶柱,V(氯仿)∶V(甲醇)∶V(氨水)∶V(水)=70∶26∶2∶2混合溶剂洗脱,薄层色谱检测发现101～142份洗脱液含有苦马豆素,合并101～142份洗脱液并挥干,氨性氯仿反复溶解,冷冻干燥后在110℃、-0.094 Pa真空条件下升华,得到白色针状结晶3.6mg。经薄层色谱检测、熔点测定及气相色谱检测,可确定该白色针状结晶为苦马豆素,苦马豆素的提取率为18μg/g。气相色谱法测定金龟子绿僵菌干燥菌丝体中苦马豆素的质量分数为0.212%。     

黄花棘豆对燕麦的酶活性研究

测定了不同浓度的黄花棘豆水提取物对燕麦植株体内(12～60 h)酶活性的影响。结果表明:黄花棘豆水提取物处理燕麦幼苗后SOD酶和CAT酶活性的变化趋势一致,都是随着浓度的增加,其活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势;其POD酶活性呈现先降低后升高的趋势。     

棘豆毒草可提炼抗癌药剂

由甘肃天然药物重点实验室研发的苦马豆素制备工艺关键技术,日前通过了甘肃省组织的省级科技成果鉴定。该项技术标志着我国研发具有独立知识产权、低毒高效、作用机理和生物靶点明确的抗癌新药成为可能。     

棘豆毒草可提炼抗癌药剂

由甘肃天然药物重点实验室研发的苦马豆素制备工艺关键技术,日前通过了甘肃省组织的省级科技成果鉴定。该项技术标志着我国研发具有独立知识产权、低毒高效、作用机理和生物靶点明确的抗癌新药成为可能。     

柠檬苦素的苯甲酰腙衍生物在治疗细粒棘球蚴的应用

柠檬苦素存在的水溶性不佳的问题,极大影响了该化合物的生物利用率。为解决其水溶性不佳的问题,本研究在柠檬苦素的C-7处引入水溶性的苯甲酰腙基团。与柠檬苦素单体相比,合成的化合物在体外抗细粒棘球蚴原头节的活性有一定程度的减弱,但可以通过在合成化合物的苯环上引入吸电子基团,来提高母核的抗细粒棘球蚴原头节的活性。其中化合物7m的体外抗细粒棘球蚴原头节的活性与柠檬苦素相当,且水溶性比柠檬苦素更佳。     

万寿菊花中叶黄素的提取

研究了万寿菊花中的叶黄素在几种有机纯溶剂以及这些溶剂和乙醇的二元混合溶剂中的溶解规律，适当的二组分混合溶剂对叶黄素的浸取效果比纯溶剂好。超声波振荡、提高浸取温度可使叶黄素浸取速率提高3～6倍。     

Solvent Extraction of Fucoxanthin from Phaeodactylum tricornutum

The extraction yield of fucoxanthin from Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a marine diatom, was investigated for 16 h as the functions of the kind of solvent, temperature, and solvent/diatom weight ratio. Acetone, ethanol, and ethyl acetate were used as solvents for the extractions. The extraction yield increased in a saturation manner with the extraction time when the extraction temperatures were 30°C and 40°C. However, the extraction yield increased with time in the early stage of the extraction; thereafter, it was stagnant or decreased with time in the late stage at 50°C, 75°C, and 85°C. The thermal deterioration would suppress the extraction yield in the late stage at those higher temperatures. The maximum extraction yield was obtained at 40°C and no significant benefit in the extraction yield was obtained when the extraction period was extended over 12 h. The extraction yield markedly increased when the solvent/diatom ratio increased from 3/1 to 6/1, but no marked benefit was obtained when the amount of solvent increased over the ratio of 6/1. Ethanol was the most effective solvent in the extraction of fucoxanthin, and the extraction yield was greater in the order of ethanol > acetone > ethyl acetate.     

超声波与微波提取桔皮中橙皮苷的对比研究

在微波和超声波作用下用饱和氢氧化钙澄清液提取桔皮,以橙皮苷的得率和提取率为评价指标,通过单因素及正交试验,分别得到微波和超声波的最佳提取工艺并进行比较。结果表明超声波提取优于微波提取,其中超声波提取的最佳条件为:提取温度20℃,提取时间70 min,液料比30:1。在此条件下,橙皮苷的得率达到5.28%,提取率达到78.43%,与常规提取相比,得率增加4倍,提取率增加58.21个百分点,且放大实验结果比较稳定。     

Extraction of lipids from Yarrowia Lipolytica

BACKGROUND: Microorganisms have often been considered for the production of oils and fats as an alternative to agricultural and animal resources. Extraction experiments were performed using a strain of the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), a high‐lipid‐content yeast. Three different methods were tested: Soxhlet extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO₂) extraction using ethanol as a co‐solvent. Also, high pressure solubility measurements in the systems ‘CO₂ + yeast oil’ and ‘CO₂ + ethanol + yeast oil’ were carried out. RESULTS: The solubility experiments determined that, at the conditions of the supercritical extractor (40 °C and 20 MPa), a maximum concentration of 10 mg of yeast oil per g of solvent can be expected in pure CO₂. 10% w/w of ethanol in the solvent mixture increased this value to almost 15 mg of yeast oil per g of solvent. Different pretreatments were necessary to obtain satisfactory yields in the extraction experiments. The Soxhlet and the ASE method were not able to complete the lipid extraction. The ‘SCCO₂ + ethanol’ extraction curves revealed the influence of the different pretreatments on the extraction mechanism. CONCLUSION: Evaluating the effectiveness of a given pretreatment, ASE reduced the amount of material and solvent used compared with Soxhlet. In all three cases, the best total extraction performance was obtained for the ethanol‐macerated yeast (EtM). Addition of ethanol to the solvent mixture enhanced the oil solubility. Oil can be extracted from Y. lipolytica in two different steps: a non‐selective ethanol extraction followed by TAG‐selective SCCO₂ purification. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

藤茶中二氢杨梅素的微波萃取

以干藤茶叶为原料,在微波辐射条件下,以水为溶剂提取二氢杨梅素,考察了微波功率、微波辐射时间、料液比、浸提时间等因素对提取率的影响,通过单因素分析和正交试验设计确定了最佳提取工艺条件。确定的最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率为高档,微波辐射时间为3min,料液比为1:20,水浴浸提时间为2h。在此条件下二氢杨梅素的提取率为29%。     

猪皮提取胶原的研究

对以新鲜猪皮为原料 ,采用氯化钠 /三羟甲基氨基甲烷 -盐酸缓冲液 (pH =7.5 )为萃取液以不同浓度 (0 45mol/L及 1 0 0mol/L)分两次萃取 ,用冰醋酸 /氯化钠沉淀 ,然后用冰醋酸溶解精制纯化后再中和提取胶原的新方法进行了研究。所提取胶原的纯度以羟脯氨酸质量分数为基准 ,采用分光光度法测定为 95 7%。其结构为红外光谱所确证。     

蚕砂提取植醇工艺

通过一系列提取工艺 ,可从蚕砂中得到高附加值的产品——植醇     

霉菌产油脂提取的研究

利用微生物体内生物合成的方法制取微生物油脂,是开发油脂资源一条新途径。霉菌因其油脂含量高,并含有丰富的γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸等功能性多不饱和脂肪酸而被广泛深入的研究。本论文以前期获得的7株产油脂较好的菌株为研究对象,通过苏丹混合液染色法观察油滴颗粒的大小及密集程度,酸热法测粗油脂含量,获得1株油脂含量达37.4％的菌株,经菌株形态观察分析初步鉴定为霉菌。     

麦冬药渣中麦冬多糖的提取工艺研究

目的探索并确定从麦冬药渣中提取麦冬多糖的最佳工艺,为麦冬药渣的综合利用提供依据。方法以多糖得率为指标,通过单因素试验研究4个提取因素:提取温度、提取时间、料液比、提取次数对麦冬药渣中多糖提取效率的影响,然后,通过正交试验对提取工艺条件进行优化。结果优选出麦冬多糖的最佳提取条件为:提取温度:100℃,料液比1∶12,提取时间为120 min,提取2次;另外,与直接从生药中提取麦冬多糖相比,利用药渣提取麦冬多糖,虽多糖得率有所下降,但多糖含量却有提高。结论该工艺条件可重复,多糖得率较高,此方法使麦冬中的有效成分综合利用,减少了中药资源的浪费。