影响氧化铝水基料浆流变学特性的关键因素

用流变学的方法在RV-20型流变仪上研究不同条件,如:固含量、分散剂加入量、烧结助剂、增塑剂等对碱性氧化铝悬浮体的流变性的影响.结果表明:氧化铝陶瓷碱性料浆(pH＞7)在低的剪切速率(＜100 s-1)时,表现为剪切变稀.在水基料浆中添加MgO时,会发生强烈的水合反应,导致料浆失去流动性.增塑剂甘油的加入导致料浆粘度升高的幅度是有限的,不会对料浆固含量和浇铸工艺造成显著不利的影响.加入水溶性丙烯酸乳液后,在低的剪切速率下,料浆仍然呈现剪切变稀行为,随着乳液含量的增加,料浆的静态粘度逐渐增大.分散剂聚丙烯酸氨的加入量对料浆的稳定性具有显著的影响.在分散剂的加入量为固相质量的0.8%左右时,分散剂在陶瓷颗粒表面形成饱和吸附,此时料浆的稳定性达到了最佳状态.     

煤系高岭土料浆的粘度及影响因素

煤系高岭土料浆的浓分散体系为非牛顿流体,具有剪切变稀的特性. 阴离子型分散剂聚丙烯酸钠可吸附于煤系高岭土颗粒的表面,改变其表面电势,增加颗粒间的排斥能,从而起到很好的分散作用. 通过实验,研究了固相浓度、分散剂用量、粒径大小等因素对煤系高岭土料浆粘度的影响. 固相浓度增大、粒径减小时,料浆的粘度增大;分散剂可使料浆粘度降低,当最佳用量为0.3%左右,在高剪切速率(729 s-1)下,固相浓度由30%(w)提高到70%(w),料浆的粘度分别为0.004和0.020 Pa×s．     

氮化硅泡沫陶瓷浆料性能的研究

系统地研究了料浆pH值、分散剂及固相含量等因素对陶瓷料浆电势和流变性的影响,制备出了有良好稳定性和流动性的氮化硅料浆。研究表明,静电空间位阻稳定机制是陶瓷料浆稳定性的根本原因。料浆pH值、分散剂和固相含量等因素对陶瓷料浆的分散稳定性及流变性均有一定的影响。料浆的pH值为10-11、分散剂PAA-NH4用量为1 wt.%以及固相含量为50 wt.%时,可获得具有良好性能的氮化硅料浆浓悬浮体。     

ZrO_2基陶瓷注凝成型料浆流变性的研究

陶瓷料浆流变性能是注凝成型工艺的关键,料浆流变性要求高固含量,低粘度。实验通过在ZrO2表面包覆A l2O3,形成ZrO2-A l2O3复相陶瓷料浆。根据静电位阻稳定理论,通过调节pH值和分散剂的加入量,可得到满足成型要求的高固含量,低粘度的料浆。结果表明,在pH值为10左右,分散剂加入量为粉料质量的3%时,料浆固相体积分数可以达到40%。同时表明了A l2O3对ZrO2颗粒表面有改性作用,提高了悬浮体的稳定性。     

SiC浆料的流变性能研究

为制备结构均匀的多孔SiC陶瓷的料浆,本文比较了不同质量分数(40%~60%)的SiC浆料的剪切应力和黏度随剪切速率的变化.结果表明:浆料的等电点在3.6左右,Zeta电位值随着pH值的增加而减小,碱性环境下分散效果更好;用Casson方程拟合浆料的剪切应力,相关系数在0.98以上,随着固相含量的增加,拟合的极限粘度和屈服应力增加;当剪切速率达到100 s-1时,固相含量为40%~55%浆料的粘度都在1 Pa·s以下,固相含量为60% 的浆料粘度大概是2.1 Pa·s.     

氧化锆喷雾造粒料浆的制备

为了制备出流动性和稳定性好的喷雾造粒料浆,研究了分散剂三聚磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、聚丙烯酸铵和PEG2000对氧化锆喷雾造粒料浆流变特性的影响,认为聚丙烯酸铵对于氧化锆料浆具有较好的分散效果。在此基础上采用正交试验设计,以料浆的平均黏度和沉降度为评价指标,对料浆固含量、结合剂PVA和分散剂聚丙烯酸铵加入比例进行了优选,选用料浆固含量(w)为85%、结合剂PVA加入量(w)为8%、分散剂聚丙烯酸铵加入量(w)为0.5%,制备了综合性能较好的氧化锆料浆,利用此料浆获得了较好的喷雾造粒效果。     

氧化锆水悬浮液的分散

通过考察多元共聚物分散剂对氧化锆zeta电位和浆料流变性的影响,研究了氧化锆浓悬浮液的分散性.结果表明: 多元共聚物分散剂的加入增加了氧化锆zeta电位的绝对值,等电点移至2.4以下.随分数剂加入量的增加,悬浮液的流变性出现复杂的情况:低剪切速率下(100s-1以下),悬浮液粘度略微增加;高剪切速率下(100s-1以上),悬浮液的粘度明显降低;4种分散剂中,二元共聚物分散的氧化锆浆料流动性最好,加入质量分数为0.14%,pH值为9.6左右.并制备了体积分数54%的氧化锆浆料,粘度为0.91Pa·s(100s-1).     

纳米TiO2料浆分散性的研究

在分析纳米TiO2粉体团聚现象成因的基础上,研究了HN分散剂对料浆分散性的影响。通过料浆沉降体积、黏度、电位、比表面积等表征了料浆性能的变化;同时研究了稀土离子、PH值、超声处理工艺等对料浆分散性的影响。结果表明,加入HN分散剂后,料浆分散性有很大提高,且不同固相含量的料浆使用的HN分散剂有一最佳值,其中30%质量分数的料浆中分散剂最佳量为0.25%;加入分散剂后,料浆黏度减小,电位提高,比表面积增大;稀土离子(CeO2,Ce(NO3)3)的加入、超声的使用也能提高料浆的分散性,料浆分散性的最佳PH值范围为碱性。     

硅酸锆凝胶注模成型工艺的研究

主要以降低ZrSiO4陶瓷浆料的粘度和提高固相含量为目的,利用正交实验研究了硅酸锆陶瓷凝胶注模成型工艺中固相含量、pH值和分散剂3个因素对料浆粘度的影响,并根据实验结果拟合出回归方程;同时通过电镜分析了坯体微观形貌的差异,制备出固相体积含量55%、粘度0.57Pa·s的硅酸锆陶瓷浆体,所得坯体微观结构均匀、团聚少.     

8%Y2O3-ZrO2水基料浆的流变性质研究

详细研究了固含量、球磨时间、分散剂用量和pH值对8％摩尔分数Y2O3稳定ZrO2水基料浆流变性质的影响。结果表明：料浆均表现出剪切变稀行为，且为假塑性流体。确定了最佳实验参数，当pH=10，分散剂用量为2％体积分数，球磨24h的ZrO2水基料浆，稳定性好，适合于成型薄片ZrO2固体电解质材料，并最终制备出体积分数为56％，适合浇注的ZrO2陶瓷料浆。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。