机采井热洗清蜡

在油田的生产过程中,结蜡是一种常见的现象。结蜡对油井的正常运行和产液量有很大的危害,因此及时清蜡是十分必要的,清蜡方式有很多种,但是油田常用的清蜡方式是热洗,因为热洗便于操作,节省费用。确定热洗周期和时间,对热洗的结果进行了分析。     

油井结蜡机理与清防蜡技术的配套应用

纯梁采油厂准备大队所管理的博24块、梁108块、梁112块、纯62、纯107、纯111区块及外围的纯64-3和F158等9口偏远井都存在不同程度的结蜡情况。本文分析了影响油井结蜡的主要因素,油井结蜡过程。目前,油田常用的清防蜡技术,主要有机械清蜡技术、热力清防蜡技术、表面能防蜡技术(内衬和涂料油管)、化学药剂清防蜡技术、磁防蜡技术、微生物清防蜡技术。近年来,准备大队通过清防蜡工艺的配套实施,优化热洗方式,合理延长热洗周期,油井热洗井次逐年减少。同时避免了因洗井方式和周期选择不合理造成的油井不出油现象发生,大大延长了油井检泵周期,油井维护作业逐年减少节约了生产成本。     

微生物防蜡技术在输油管道上的应用

输送原油的管道经常会出现管壁结蜡现象,需要定期的进行清防蜡,以维持正常输送,如添加化学防蜡剂,加热处理,电磁防蜡,机械清蜡等。这些措施不仅费用高,甚至有些对环境和人体也产生不利影响。应用微生物防蜡技术制成防蜡菌液,进行试验研究。结果表明,微生物防蜡技术有效地缓解了管壁结蜡,延长了清管周期,并且施工方法简单,操作费用低,不影响油品质量。     

油井结蜡问题分析及清防蜡技术探讨

近年来,随着社会经济的飞速发展,油田事业也取得了很大的进步,但油井结蜡问题依然对国内外油田的发展影响重大。在油井的开采过程中,虽然已经采取了一些防蜡、清蜡措施,但油井结蜡问题依然难以避免。本文将对油井结蜡问题进行分析,并在此基础上提出一些清蜡、防蜡技术和措施,以期为我国油田事业的发展做出一点贡献。     

低含蜡原油防蜡剂的研究与应用

春光油田结蜡反常严重,影响生产。通过针对原油和析出蜡的组成研究后,设计了防蜡剂组成及用量优化试验方案,经过试验得到了防蜡剂组合配方。室内试验表明,该配方对春光原油的防蜡率可达70%以上,在最低0.01%的浓度条件下,防蜡率仍达到52.9%。2011年9月在春光油田实施防蜡现场试验3口井,收到良好效果,防蜡后试验井的清蜡周期延长1倍以上,防蜡后与防蜡前的清蜡周期比平均2.26。     

MM油田周期自能热洗可行性分析研究

针对MM油田结蜡周期短、井筒结蜡严重的问题,井口投加清蜡剂和常规热洗车清蜡方法,效果均不理想。通过试验自能热洗工艺,清蜡效果优于常规热洗,2012年以来试验周期自能热洗停止井口加药,取得了初步成效,2013年在MM油田规模推广该工艺,本文对周期热洗可行性进行分析,并对周期自能热洗的实施方案进行了优化。     

新型乳液型清防蜡剂的研究

为了克服油基清防蜡剂存在的有毒、易燃、密度小等特点,解决水基清防蜡剂存在的清蜡效率低、防蜡效果差等不足,本研究出具有低毒、不易燃烧、密度较大、清蜡效率高、防蜡效果好等优点的新型乳液型清防蜡剂,为油田的清蜡与防蜡工作、提高原油产量,打下了坚实的基础。     

油井结蜡原因及清防蜡措施

近年来,随着社会经济的飞速发展,油田事业也取得了很大的进步,但油井结蜡问题依然对国内外油田的发展影响重大。在油井的开采过程中,虽然已经采取了一些防蜡、清蜡措施,但油井结蜡问题依然难以避免。本文将对油井结蜡问题进行分析,并在此基础上提出一些清蜡、防蜡技术和措施,以期为我国油田事业的发展做出一点贡献。     

油井小排量热洗清蜡技术在胡状油田的应用

油井井筒清蜡是采油管理的一项重要的工作。目前我们常用的清蜡方式有三种:机械清蜡、热力清蜡和化学清蜡。热力清蜡成本较低,管理方便,效果直观而成为采油管理常用的一种清蜡方式,因此在热力清蜡中出现新的方法和途径,将是我们采油管理的一大途径进步。     

清防蜡工艺技术浅谈

从原油结蜡的机理、存在状态以及影响结蜡的各种因素入手,有针对性地进行清防蜡技术的介绍,包括机械清蜡技术、热力清防蜡技术、固体防蜡技术、微生物清防蜡工艺技术、改变油管表面性质防蜡技术、化学药剂清防蜡技术、磁防蜡技术等。     

锅炉车蒸汽热洗工艺在侏罗系油井中的应用

目前常用的热力清蜡主要采用常规热洗和自能热洗两种,侏罗系、常用的自能热洗由于受到燃气限制、常规热洗和投加清蜡剂成本高、效果不理想,因此需要寻找一种适合侏罗系油井的高效清防蜡技术。锅炉车热洗清蜡与投加清蜡剂方式相比,清蜡效果较好,避免了员工现场的井口加药繁琐的操作,降低了员工劳动强度,更加适应于目前长庆油田无人值守的数字化运行管理模式。     

一株嗜蜡微生物的筛选及初步性能评价

以52#石蜡为唯一碳源,从延长油田采油污水和炼油厂活性污泥中分离出4株嗜蜡微生物YC-1、YC-2、YC-3及YC-4,35℃、135r.min-1摇床培养12 d时降蜡率分别达到11.12%、9.21%、9.29%及7.84%。在培养时间筛选实验中,求得嗜蜡微生物YC-1菌株在35℃、135 r.min-1摇床培养10d时,除蜡率达到最大。对降蜡能力最优的嗜蜡微生物YC-1进行降蜡摇瓶实验,对其降蜡产物进行色谱分析,显示嗜蜡微生物YC-1能对52号石蜡有效降解。YC-1处理原油显示其对原油有降蜡、降凝、降粘的作用。     

Effect of polyethylene pipe on wax deposition under different temperature and flow rate conditions

Wax deposition is an important but troublesome boulder in petroleum industry that has always plagued pipeline engineering operators. In this study, wax deposition in the polyethylene pipes has different behaviors comparing wax deposition in stainless steel pipes such as smaller weight of wax deposits and lower wax content. After wax deposition experiments, some important parameters, including diffusivity and temperature gradient, were measured and calculated to explore the differences between two material pipes. Moreover, those factors can make a significant impact on radial mass flux. A series of results in polyethylene pipes suggests that higher diffusivity enhances diffusion flux of wax in the radial direction. But it was found that radial concentration gradient accounted for a larger proportion. These factors are the relationship of competition and cooperation and the combination of them results in different performances of wax deposition between polyethylene and stainless steel pipes.     

甲醇合成结蜡原因和处理方法

甲醇合成生产普遍以铜基催化剂为主,此催化剂下生产甲醇的同时伴有高碳链的碳氢化合物和石蜡生产。当正常生产过程中石蜡过多时会造成甲醇气液分离器、水冷器、阀门管道、甚至合成塔出口的堵塞,严重时会造成停车清蜡。因此研究石蜡产生的机理以及如何避免和减少石蜡的产生是很有必要的。     

特种乳化石蜡的制备及应用进展

介绍了我国石蜡生产现状及石蜡乳化方法,并根据我国石蜡乳化工艺现状,总结了特种乳化石蜡制备工艺环节影响因素及最佳操作条件。立足于我国石蜡市场现状,综述了特种乳化石蜡在汽车制造业、农业、陶瓷工业等行业中的用途及其发展路线和市场前景。     

我国石油蜡深加工及其蜡产品论述

对我国石油蜡的生产、应用现状进行了论述,在此基础上通过具体产品介绍,引出对石油蜡深加工问题的讨论。认为我国应加快发展石油蜡深加工产品     

An aging theory-based mathematic model for estimating the wax content of wax deposits using the Fick's second law

In this study, a mathematic model is proposed for estimating the wax content of wax deposits. The proposed model was built based on the diffusion of wax molecules and counter-diffusion of oil molecules and described using the Fick's second law, allowing for the stacking fraction and orientational order of precipitated wax crystals and the tortuosity of diffusion path of de-waxed oil molecules during the counter-diffusion. The calculated results were verified by comparing with the flow-loop wax deposition experimental results. Dependence of radial position, deposition duration, bulk temperature, and wall temperature were investigated. These factors significantly affected the wax content during wax deposition. Good agreements were observed between the predictions and experimental results. The variation trends of wax content affected by various aspects are consistent with the existing studies.     

Natural montan wax and its raffinates

Natural waxes have been used by mankind since prehistoric times. Many uses of wax are based on the imitation of its natural functions. Waxes in nature primarily serve to provide protective barriers on the surfaces of living organisms. Their functions are also determined by wax characteristics such as adhesion and cohesion, as well as slip and deformation effects. In ancient times, for example, wax seals were used to help preserve food and beverages. Beeswax has remained an important material for manufacturing candles up to the present day. Recent vegetable waxes have been used in industry since the mid‐nineteenth century, for example in care products. Refined and chemically processed montan‐based waxes are quite similar to naturally occurring vegetable ester waxes in their structure and application characteristics. They are similar in their environmental characteristics and are also nontoxic. Crude montan wax itself belongs to the naturally occurring waxes of vegetable origin such as candelilla wax and carnauba wax.     

Fine Mapping and Functional Analysis of Major Regulatory Genes of Soluble Solids Content in Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)

Soluble solids content (SSC) is an important quality trait of wax gourd, but reports about its regulatory genes are scarce. In this study, the SSC regulatory gene BhSSC2.1 in wax gourd was mined via quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping based on high-density genetic mapping containing 12 linkage groups (LG) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA)-seq. QTL mapping and BSA-seq revealed for the first time that the SSC QTL (107.658–108.176 cM) of wax gourd was on Chr2 (LG2). The interpretable phenotypic variation rate and maximum LOD were 16.033% and 6.454, respectively. The QTL interval contained 13 genes. Real-time fluorescence quantitative expression analysis, functional annotation, and sequence analysis suggested that Bch02G016960, named BhSSC2.1, was a candidate regulatory gene of the SSC in wax gourd. Functional annotation of this gene showed that it codes for a NADP-dependent malic enzyme. According to BhSSC2.1 sequence variation, an InDel marker was developed for molecular marker-assisted breeding of wax gourd. This study will lay the foundation for future studies regarding breeding and understanding genetic mechanisms of wax gourd.     

机采井微生物清防蜡工艺及应用效果评价

针对现有机采井化学清防蜡存在药剂用量大、加药频率高、作用时间短、污染环境等问题,开发了一种微生物清防蜡菌剂.通过现场8口易结蜡井试验,发现试验期间机采井电流变化较小,基本处于平稳状态;微生物清防蜡菌剂用量比化学清防蜡药剂减少40％以上,成本节约20％～50％,加药周期延长1倍以上,该微生物清防蜡菌剂效果优于或等效于化学...