碳载PdCo合金催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化

用间歇式微波法制备了不同Pt：Co原子比的碳载PdCo合金催化剂（PdCo／C）,发现在酸性溶液中Pd：Co原子比2：1催化剂对甲酸的电氧化有良好的催化活性和稳定性。从H在电极表面的吸脱附峰计算出来的结果表明,催化剂中加入一定比例的金属Co能够增加催化剂的电化学比表面。     

常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电可行性研究

尝试了常温下以甲烷为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池发电的可能性，研究了温度和阳极催化剂对其燃料电池开路电压和放电性能的影响。结果表明，甲烷在常温下能够进行电化学氧化，随着电池工作温度的升高，燃料电池的开路电压和功率密度逐渐增加。阳极催化剂的铂含量和催化剂的组成对甲烷的电化学氧化具有非常大的影响。90℃下使用Pt（40wt．％）-Ru（20wt．％）／C为阳极催化剂（催化剂担载量：（2mg Pt＋1 mg Ru）·cm^-2），在以甲烷为燃料时，质子交换膜燃料电池功率密度达到了5．4mW·cm^-2。     

PEMFC用Pt纳米线阴极催化剂的制备及在电堆中的应用

采用无模板法制备了用于质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）的碳载铂纳米线（Pt NWs/C）阴极催化剂,使用透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射图谱技术（XRD）对催化剂的微观结构和形貌进行了表征。研究结果表明,制备的铂催化剂具有纳米线的结构,平均截面直径为（4.0±0.2）nm,线长为15～25 nm。利用循环伏安（CV）法和线性伏安扫描法（LSV）表征催化剂的电化学活性和氧还原反应（ORR）特性,结果表明制备的Pt NWs/C催化剂电化学特性良好。利用Pt NWs/C和Pt/C作为阴极催化剂制备膜电极（MEA）,并进行测试,最大功率密度分别为705.6 mW·cm^-2和674.4 mW·cm^-2。然后以Pt NWs/C和Pt/C为阴极催化剂组装了18片和20片的电堆,并进行性能测试,电堆的最大功率密度分别为409.2 mW·cm^-2和702.7 mW·cm^-2,单电池电压差异系数（C_v）分别为16.1%和4.36%,这表明Pt NWs/C作为阴极催化剂在放大后的膜电极组件（MEA）里表现出较好的催化活性,但与商业催化剂相比其性能与均一性还有待提高。该研究可为Pt NWs/C催化剂放大制备提供依据,同时可为后续的基于Pt NWs/C的电堆的耐久性测试和车载应用奠定基础。     

M-N-C阴极催化剂的制备及其在微生物燃料电池中的应用

以聚苯胺和硝酸盐为前驱体,采用热处理法制备了M-N-C（M=Fe,Co）材料,并将其作为厌氧流化床微生物燃料电池（AFBMFC）阴极催化剂。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂进行晶型结构和表面形貌的表征。采用循环伏安法（CV）对催化剂的电化学性能进行考察,并应用于AFBMFC,考察了其对电池产电性能的影响。结果表明,使用Fe-N-C催化剂的微生物燃料电池稳定运行时,开路电压达到636.0 mV,功率密度达到166.82 mW·m^-2,比使用Pt/C催化剂的微生物燃料电池的功率密度提高10%。表明Fe-N-C催化剂用做微生物燃料电池阴极催化剂具有潜在的应用前景。     

锂离子电池富锂正极材料0．5Li2 MnO3·0．5LiMn1／3Ni1／3Co1／3O2的研究

采用碳酸盐沉淀法合成了锂离子电池富锂正极材料0．5Li2：MnO3·0．5LiMn1／3Ni1／3Co1／3O2并对其结构、形貌以及电化学性能进行了测试。XRD测试表明富锂正极材料具有良好的层状结构,电化学测试表明材料0．5Li2：MnO3·0．5LiMn1／3Ni1／3Co1／3O2具有良好的循环特性、倍率性能,这与其结构和形貌是分不开的。     

微波辅助法制备Pd／C和Pd-Co／C催化剂及其氧还原催化活性研究

为了减少有机溶剂的使用量,使制备方法更加环境友好,文章研究了有机溶剂量对微波反应制备Pd／C系列催化剂的影响,并采用XRD、TEM和电化学测试等方法对催化剂结构和电化学性能进行了表征和评价。研究表明：当有机溶剂使用量降到5mL时,该催化剂依然能保持较高的催化活性。在此基础上,文章还对一系列不同组成的Pd-Co／C合金催化剂进行了研究．发现活性组分粒径约为3．5nm时,Pd2Co／C催化剂具有最佳的氧还原电催化活性。     

Pt基直接乙醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的性能研究

采用水热法制备了高分散碳载Pt/C和Pt-SnOJC电催化剂.采用XRD、SEM、TEM和激光粒度仪等方法对制得的纳米催化剂进行了表面微观结构分析.采用电化学工作站测试循环伏安曲线(CV)等表征Pt/C和Pt-SnO2/C纳米催化剂电催化活性.测试结果表明,Pt-SnO2/C纳米催化剂的峰电流密度(131.05 mA·cm-2)是Pt/C催化剂的峰电流密度(65.48 mA·cm-2)的2倍;Pt-SnO2/C催化的电化学表面积(108.4 m2·g-1)远高于Pt/C催化剂的电化学表面积(99.14 m2· g-1);Pt-SnO2/C纳米粒子比Pt/C纳米粒子具有更强的抗CO中毒能力和更高的电催化活性.     

表面化学镀镍处理LiAl0．05Ni0．25Co0．70O2改性研究正极材料的改性研究

采用化学镀的方法在层状LiAl0．05Ni0．25Co0．70O2表面沉积一层镍,通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜及电化学测试研究其表面形貌、结构和电化学性质。结果表明,所制备的材料表面镀镍层均匀致密,有效地抑制了材料表面与电解液的相互作用。首次放电比容量达到121．51mA·h／g,经过30次循环后容量保持率为91．35％,其循环稳定性能得到明显提高。     

ML（Ni3．69Co0.72Mn0．35Al0．24）贮氢合金催化氢化对硝基甲苯的研究

采用掺杂ML（Ni3．69Co0.72Mn0．35Al0．24）贮氢合金形成的氢化物作为氢源及催化剂,加氢还原对硝基甲苯生成对甲苯胺进行了研究。利用GC—MS和GC分别对产物进行定性和定量分析,同时用XRD对合金进行了研究。结果表明：该催化剂可以在温和条件下将对硝基甲苯加氢还原成对甲苯胺,未检测到副产物的产生,对甲苯胺选择性高达100％,且反应后催化剂与反应体系容易分离。并详细探讨了催化剂用量、不同溶剂、反应温度和反应时间等对反应的影响。结果表明：催化剂的含氢量与催化剂的活性密切相关,溶剂的性质对反应有明显影响,以无水乙醇为溶剂时催化剂性能最好,重复使用5次仍具有较高的催化活性。     

溶胶凝胶法制备LiNi0．03Mn1．97O4及其电化学性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.03Mn1.97O4,使用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对合成材料的结构及物理性能进行了表征。将合成材料作为锂离子电池正极活性材料,考察烧结温度对其结构及电化学性能的影响。随着烧结温度的升高,尖晶石型结构越来越完整,初始放电比容量增大,但循环性能却逐渐变差。在750℃下烧结温度12h得到了性能较好的HNi0.03Mn1.97O4,首次放电比容量为118．7mA·h／g,50次循环后,其放电比容量仍保持在101．6mA·h／g,适合作为锂离子电池的正极材料。     

Highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon nanoparticles and their enhanced activity for methanol oxidation

Pt nanoparticles dispersed nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon nanoparticles (N-MCNPs) were prepared by chemical method, conventional sodium borohydride reduction. Then, those probable applications were evaluated for a support material comparing with Vulcan XC-72 for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. N-MCNPs-supported Pt nanoparticles show a better activity of methanol oxidation reaction compared to Vulcan XC-72-supported one in terms of both mass and electrochemical surface area (ESA) normalized current density. In particular, Pt/N-MCNPs show more enhanced activity based on the mass normalized specific activity rather than ESA normalized activity. For investigation of physical characterizations of Pt/N-MCNPs, and Pt/Vulcan XC-72, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) likes various experiments were performed. Especially, to identify the role of nitrogen in the N-MCNPs for Pt nanoparticles dispersion, specific investigation of N 1s XP spectra with peak deconvolution were performed on N-MCNPs support material of the before and after chemical reduction of Pt nanoparticles.     

Carbon cryogel as support of platinum nano-sized electrocatalyst for the hydrogen oxidation reaction

The kinetics of hydrogen oxidation reaction was studied in perchloric acid solution on carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles using the rotating disk electrode technique. Carbon cryogel and commercial carbon black. Vulcan XC-72 were used as catalyst supports. Pt/C catalysts were prepared by a modified polyol synthesis method in an ethylene glycol (EG) solution. Considerable effect has been observed for the specific surface area of carbon support on the fundamental properties of Pt/C catalyst, such as catalyst particle size distribution and dispersion as well as catalytic activity for the oxidation of hydrogen. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the particle size of the catalyst decreases with the increase of specific surface area of carbon support. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used for determination of the actual exposed surface area of catalyst particles. It was found that Pt catalyst prepared by using the novel carbon material displayed better hydrogen electrochemical oxidation activity than the catalyst prepared by using Vulcan XC-72.     

Hollow core/mesoporous shell carbon capsule as an unique cathode catalyst support in direct methanol fuel cell

Hollow core mesoporous shell (HCMS) carbon has been explored for the first time as a cathode catalyst support in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The HCMS carbon consisting of discrete spherical particles possesses unique structural characteristics including large specific surface area and mesoporous volume and well-developed interconnected void structure, which are highly desired for a cathode catalyst support in low temperature fuel cells. Significant enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction has been achieved by the HCMS carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles compared with carbon black Vulcan XC-72-supported ones in the DMFC. In addition, much higher power was delivered by the Pt/HCMS catalysts (i.e., corresponding to an enhancement of ca. 91–128% in power density compared with that of Pt/Vulcan), suggesting that HCMS carbon is a unique cathode catalyst support in direct methanol fuel cell.     

Nitrogen-doped carbon coated palygorskite as an efficient electrocatalyst support for oxygen reduction reaction

An electrocatalyst support, nitrogen-doped graphitic layer (CN_x) coated palygorskite (PLS) (donated as PLS@CN_x), is synthesized by carbonizing the polypyrrole (PPy) coated PLS and is explored for the first time as a cathode electrocatalyst support in proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The structural and chemical properties of the PLS@CN_x are investigated by Fourier-Transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of Pt/PLS@CN_x toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and steady state polarization measurements. Upon loading Pt (20 wt%), the catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance during ORR, surpassing the conventional Pt/C (Vulcan XC-72) catalysts. High electrocatalytic activity and good stability can be attributed to the nitrogen atom incorporation and SiO₂ component in PLS.     

金属卟啉负载炭黑电催化剂氧还原性能

合成了四甲氧基苯基钴卟啉（CoTMPP）和四甲氧基苯基铁卟啉（FeTMPP）配合物,分别负载于经过双氧水和硝酸预处理且掺杂了MnO_x的炭载体,用于质子交换膜燃料电池阴极氧还原反应电催化剂.讨论了不同中心金属离子、不同载体、不同预处理方法和不同焙烧温度对催化剂催化活性的影响.通过旋转圆盘电极技术（RDE）和紫外可见光谱（UV-vis）测试,利用循环伏安曲线（CV）和Koutevky-Levich关系式评价了电催化剂对氧还原反应的电催化性能.研究表明,CoTMPP负载于双氧水处理过的炭载体BP 2000上活性最好,焙烧的最佳温度是900℃,同时发现在载体中掺杂MnO_x并没有达到预期效果.     

Hollow graphitic carbon spheres for Pt electrocatalyst support in direct methanol fuel cell

Hollow graphitic carbon spheres (HGCSs) with a high surface area are produced by the carbonization of hollow polymer spheres obtained by the polymerization of core/shell-structured pyrrole micelles. HGCSs are employed as a carbon support material in a direct methanol fuel cell catalyst, and their effect on the electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation is investigated. Pt catalyst supported on HGCSs shows a better electrocatalytic activity compared to that on Vulcan XC-72, which has been commonly used in fuel cell catalysts. The observed enhancement in the electrocatalytic activity is attributed to the improved electronic conductivity and high surface area of HGCSs.     

炭载体前处理对Pt-Ru/C催化剂性能影响

为研究水蒸气处理后热处理对炭黑表面特性的影响,提高DMFC阳极催化剂的催化活性,利用先水蒸气处理后热处理的Vnlcan XC-72炭黑为载体制备Pt-Ru/C催化剂,与水蒸气处理的和未经处理的炭载体制备Pt-Ru/C催化剂的性能进行比较.采用XPS和BET测试了处理后的炭粉表面的含氧浓度和比表面,结果表明：水蒸气处理后,炭载体比表面积增大,含氧浓度降低;水蒸气处理后热处理,炭载体比表面积进一步减小,含氧浓度增加.用XRD对催化剂的结构进行了表征,结果表明：水蒸气处理后热处理的炭黑为载体制备Pt-Ru/C催化剂结晶状态良好,催化剂颗粒较小.在0.5mol/L CH3OH和0.5mol/L H2SO4混合溶液中,利用玻炭电极测试了循环伏安曲线和阶跃电位曲线,结果表明：用先水蒸气处理后热处理的炭粉为载体制备的催化剂比仅水蒸气处理和未经处理的炭粉为载体制备的催化剂的活性最高.     

Monodispersed hard carbon spherules as a catalyst support for the electrooxidation of methanol

Hard carbon spherules (HCS) were used as support of Pt nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the size of the Pt particles on HCS by reduction of K₂PtCl₆ with ethylene glycol is 4-5 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) study reveals that the Pt particles on the HCS surface have faceted crystalline structures. The size and aggregation of the Pt particles depend on the surface properties of the carbon support and the medium of the reduction reaction. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic polarization experiments show that the Pt/HCS catalyst exhibits a higher catalytic activity in the electrooxidation of methanol than either the Pt/MCMB or the commercial Pt/Vulcan XC-72 catalyst does.     

The effect of catalyst support on the performance of PtRu in direct borohydride fuel cell anodes

A comparative investigation of direct borohydride fuel cell polarization behavior (DBFC) was carried out with respect to the effect of unsupported and supported PtRu anode catalysts using as supports both Vulcan XC-72R and graphite felt (GF). The Vulcan XC-72R-supported catalyst alleviated mass-transfer-related problems associated with hydrogen generation from borohydride hydrolysis taking place mainly on the Ru sites. However, the most significant improvement was obtained by using the three-dimensional GF support. Typically 1.0 mg cm^?2 PtRu was galvanostatically electrodeposited by a surfactant templated method on compressed graphite felt of 350 μm thickness. The PtRu/GF anode (Pt:Ru atomic ratio of 1.4:1) generated a DBFC peak power density of 130 mW cm^?2 at 333 K. The separator in the DBFC was a Nafion^® 117 membrane. The peak power density of the PtRu/GF was 270% and 60% higher compared with the catalyst-coated membrane configuration with unsupported PtRu and PtRu/Vulcan XC-72R, respectively.     

Effects of electrospun polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers as catalyst support in PEMFC

This paper reports novel results regarding the effects of electrospun carbon nanofibers (e-CNF) as a catalyst support by comparison with the commercial Vulcan XC-72R (denoted as XC-72R) as granular particles. The e-CNF was synthesized by stabilizing and carbonizing the electrospun PAN-based fibers. The e-CNF showed an average diameter of 250 nm with a rough surface and was partially aligned along the winding direction of the drum winder. The characteristic morphology was fundamentally dependant on the shape of the carbon materials. The average pore size of the e-CNF was 2.36 nm, while that of the XC-72R was 10.92 nm. The morphology of e-CNF was developed by shallow pores with rough surfaces due to the effects of electrospinning and carbonization, while that of the XC-72R was largely developed by mesopores rather than micropores due to the granular shape. Compared to XC-72R, the performance of the MEA prepared by e-CNF was excellent, owing to the morphology and the enhanced electrical conductivity. The Pt utilization of Pt/e-CNF was 69%, while that of Pt/XC-72R was 35%.