Canonical ridge waveguide filters in LTCC or metallic resonators

A new physical realization of an elliptic function filter response is proposed for achieving compact size, wide bandwidth, wide spurious free stopband and high-selectivity performance. The filter configuration can be implemented in conventional waveguide technology or embedded in a multilayer low-temperature co-fired ceramic structure for integration with other circuitry in a chip module. The filter is analyzed using rigorous mode matching. To validate the concept, prototypes of four- and six-cavity elliptic filters are designed following a systematic procedure. Approximate synthesis is used to obtain initial dimensions of the filter and the desired optimum response is obtained by means of a final full-wave optimization. The results are verified with other numerical methods and with the measurements of a fourth-order waveguide filter.     

脊双模波导滤波器的研究

介绍了一种利用脊谐振器产生的正交准TEM简并模实现脊双模波导滤波器的新方法。通过分析脊谐振器放置在主模传输波导中不同位置的特性,建立了耦合拓扑结构图,实现了三种不同类型的频率响应。利用全波仿真软件AnsoftHFSS,分别以方形和十字交叉这两种脊谐振器作为基本单元,设计出了两腔四阶的脊双模波导滤波器,两个滤波器的插损均小于0.2 dB,回波损耗小于–23 dB,仿真结果与预期吻合。     

脊双模波导滤波器的分析及设计

介绍了一种能实现脊双模波导滤波器的新型结构,分析了其腔内模式的耦合极性,利用不同的耦合极性对频率响应的影响可实现具有一对传输零点的双模滤波器,也可实现无传输零点的双模滤波器.以相同脊谐振单元不同的放置方向组成的两种带通滤波器为例,利用AnsoftHFSS仿真得到了两种不同的频率响应,结果与理论分析一致.最后设计出了一个六阶三传输零点的双通带滤波器,带内插损均小于0.6 dB,回波损耗小于-15 dB.     

Development of a millimeter-wave ferrite-filled antisymmetrically biased rectangular waveguide phase shifter embedded in low-temperature cofired ceramic

The theory of a new ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide phase shifter is presented, showing that the device offers more than twice the maximum phase shift of a classical dual-slab ferrite-loaded waveguide phase shifter. The complete analytical field derivation of the new phase shifter is presented. The prototype 36-GHz phase shifter has been completely embedded in an uncharacterized experimental low-temperature cofired ferrite ceramic material, essentially becoming an integral part of a chip package. The fabricated prototype is only 3.5-cm long, 5-mm wide, and 1-mm high. Preliminary measurements of the nonoptimized prototype reveal a controllable, nonreciprocal phase shift of 52.8/spl deg/ at 36 GHz for a bias current of 500 mA, and an insertion loss of approximately 3.6 dB, including transition loss. This paper marks the first time that a ferrite waveguide phase shifter has been realized as a lightweight, compact, and rugged module that can be easily mass produced at low cost. Since it is embedded in a package, the phase shifter can be readily integrated with other active and passive system components that would ideally be contained within the same package.     

Micro heat pipes in low temperature cofire ceramic (LTCC) substrates

With projected power densities above 100 W/cm/sup 2/ for devices, new methods for thermal management from the heat generation at the die to heat removal to the ambient must be addressed. By integrating micro heat pipes directly within the ceramic substrate, effective thermal conductivity for spreading heat in both radial and axial directions was achieved. New materials and processes were developed to fabricate the unique components required to handle high thermal loads. Enhanced thermal vias to minimize the thermal impedance through the ceramic in the evaporator and condenser sections were developed, increasing the effective thermal conductivity from 2.63 to near 250 W/m-/spl deg/C. The use of an organic insert fabricated into the desired complex shape using rapid prototyping methods, coupled with the viscoelastic flow of the low temperature cofire ceramic (LTCC) during lamination, allowed complex shapes to be developed while ensuring uniform green tape density during lamination prior to tape firing. Large cavities, three-dimensional fine structures and porous wicks for capillary 3-D flow have been utilized to fabricate the heat pipes. Heat pipes and spreaders, utilizing water as the working fluid, have been demonstrated operating with power densities in excess of 300 W/cm/sup 2/.     

低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)介质的材料科学与设计策略

低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)介质是无源集成和系统级封装技术的关键材料。由于烧结工艺上的特殊要求,这类材料具有较传统电子陶瓷更复杂的显微结构,在材料的设计上难度更大。从材料的组成、结构、形成机制及其性质之间的关系出发,分析了探索新型LTCC介质材料的关键因素和设计策略,并通过对以作者研究组成功设计出的新型低介电常数LTCC材料——硅铝氟氧化物基LTCC介质为典型案例的剖析,论证了基于材料科学的基本原理实现对LTCC介质进行设计的可行性。     

Wide-band waveguide and ridge waveguide T-junctions for diplexerapplications

Scattering parameters of E- and H-plane stepped waveguide and E-plane ridge waveguide stepped T-junctions are obtained using an extension of the three-plane mode matching method. An optimization process is applied to find the T-junctions and step dimensions that yield a low reflection coefficient in one of the T-junctions arms over a wide frequency band. An example of the design of a wideband T-junction diplexer is presented. The diplexer filters are inductive window waveguide filters, and are rigorously modeled using mode matching and a novel two-dimensional curve fitting method, which greatly reduces the CPU time for optimization. The diplexer optimization procedure, as well as the filter modeling method, are described. Experimental results on the optimized T-junction and the diplexer are presented; both show excellent agreement with their computed optimum results, without any adjustments or tuning     

Miniaturized dielectric waveguide filters

Design techniques for a new class of integrated monolithic high-permittivity ceramic waveguide filters are presented. These filters enable a size reduction of 50% compared to air-filled transverse electromagnetic filters with the same unloaded Q-factor. Designs for Chebyshev and asymmetric generalised Chebyshev filter and a diplexer are presented with experimental results for an 1800 MHz Chebyshev filter and a 1700 MHz generalised Chebyshev filter showing excellent agreement with theory.     

Method for manufacturing embedded variable capacitors in low-temperature cofired ceramic substrate

A method for manufacturing embedded variable capacitors (varactors) inside a low-temperature cofired ceramic substrate is presented. A varactor is fabricated by filling a via hole with ferroelectric barium strontium titanate paste. The measured capacitance of the varactor changed from 1.47 to 0.97 pF and the Q factor from 18.2 to 31.5 at 1 GHz when the bias voltage was increased from 0 to 200 V.     

Relationship between direct-coupled waveguide filters and evanescent-mode filters

A TEM-mode theory, recently advanced to explain the operation of evanescent-mode filters, is shown to be incorrect. The transition from conventional direct-coupled iris-type waveguide filters to evanescent-mode filters is shown qualitatively in two simple steps.     

一种新颖的脊波导功分器

针对通常波导传输的功率分配器中T形接头体积大的不足,基于脊波导和阶梯阻抗变换对导波系统中电磁波传播性能的影响,提出了一种新颖的脊波导H面T形分支结构,利用高频仿真软件HFSS进行仿真优化,结果显示该结构在全X波段内匹配。以此结构为基础,设计加工一个一分六的脊波导功分器,得到较好的实测结果。实际内部尺寸比普通波导功分器减小46%,回波损耗小于20 dB,单路信号波动在±0.35 dB内。这种脊波导H面T形分支结构简单,适合于实际的工程应用。     

High-efficiency native-oxide-passivated high-index-contrast ridge waveguide lasers

A GaAs-based high-index-contrast ridge waveguide laser is fabricated using a self-aligned process of deep dry etching plus oxygen-enhanced wet thermal oxidation of low Al-content AlGaAs. Lasers operating at /spl lambda/=813 nm (CW, 300 K) with external differential quantum efficiencies as high as 78% are demonstrated, indicating effective passivation of the directly-oxidised etched active region sidewall surface.     

Airbridged high-speed AlGaAs-GaAs ridge waveguide lasers

The design of a high modulation response multiple-quantum-well ridge waveguide laser in AlGaAs-GaAs, with low parasitics is discussed. The device was fabricated on a semi-insulating substrate with a wide top contact, and airbridges have been used to connect the ridge top contact to the bonding pads on the semi-insulating substrate. The 3-dB frequency response of the laser has been measured to be 21 GHz, which is a record for unstrained quantum-well AlGaAs-GaAs lasers.     

Low-divergence single-mode ridge waveguide diode lasers

Ridge waveguide laser diodes of a GaAs-AlGaAs separate-confinement graded-index monolithically stacked triple-quantum-well structure have been fabricated. Chemically assisted ion beam etching (CAIBE) was used to etch a 4- mu m-wide mesa which serves as the waveguide for the device. Results for 4- mu m-wide by 600- mu m-long optically coated devices are presented. Single-longitudinal mode, CW output power in excess of 90 mW and a far-field divergence of 21 degrees *3.5 degrees are demonstrated.<>     

A design method for substrate integrated waveguide electromagnetic bandgap (SIW-EBG) filters

An efficient design method for substrate integrated waveguide electromagnetic bandgap (SIW-EBG) filters is proposed which provides direct dimensional synthesis approach for desired filter objectives without using network representations. The method is applied to the design of an X band SIW-EBG filter and its response is compared with HFSS (high frequency structure simulator) simulations for validation purposes. Fairly good agreement between the results shows the applicability of the proposed method for SIW-EBG filter design.     

Narrow-bandwidth optical waveguide transmission filters

A general method for fabricating narrowband transmission filters at optical frequencies is proposed. For fibre- or integrated-optic applications the method consists of forming a waveguide loop by connecting the output ports of a 3dB coupler to each other. A Bragg reflection grating in the loop determines the filters frequency response.     

Development of LTCC bandpass filters with transmission zeros

A new method for implementing the multilayered filter is proposed. By properly controlling the behaviour of the coupling, two transmission zeros can be located at the same, lower or higher side of the passband's skirt. Moreover, measurements of fabricated examples match well with the electromagnetic simulation, which validates the proposed structure.     

脊的变化对双脊波导场图的影响分析

对称双脊波导脊的大小变化改变其传输特性参数,采用亥姆霍兹方程有限元方法计算出双脊波导主模截止波长数值,结果与文献结果对比说明计算方法精确有效,求对应的特征向量,就可得到脊波导横截面上的电场分布,从而分析脊大小变化对场结构图的影响。     

Compact ridge waveguide slot antenna array fed by convex waveguide divider

A ridge waveguide longitudinal-slot antenna array with a compact transverse dimension is introduced. To broaden the bandwidth of the array, it is divided into two sub-arrays fed by a novel compact convex waveguide divider. A 16-element uniform linear array at X-band was fabricated and measured to verify the validity of the design. The measured bandwidth of S/sub 11//spl les/-15 dB reaches 14.9% while the measured cross-polarisation level is less than -36 dB over the entire bandwidth.     

LTCC基板制造工艺研究

低温共烧多层陶瓷（ＬＴＣＣ）基板是制造复杂微电子产品多芯片组件（ＭＣＭ）的重要部件。详细地讨论了ＬＴＣＣ基板制造工艺，介绍了多年研究之经验及国外的有关技术，还指出了目前工艺中存在的技术问题及在工艺水平上与国外的差距。采用目前工艺，可做出２０层布线、线宽及间距均为０．２０ｍｍ、８０ｍｍ×８０ｍｍ的多层共烧基板