电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金的组织与晶粒细化效果

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤工艺成形Al-5Ti-1B合金线,利用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜研究了Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化效果,并与Al-5Ti-1B合金锭进行了比较。结果表明,通过中间包电磁搅拌和连续铸挤成形过程中半固态剪切搅拌和剧塑性变形作用,可细化TiAl3相尺寸,改善TiB2粒子的分布状态,TiAl3相为细小块状,TiB2粒子弥散分布于α-Al基体中。Al-5Ti-1B合金线的晶粒细化能力增强,纯铝中添加0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B合金线静止5min,晶粒平均尺寸可细化至223μm,静止180min,晶粒平均尺寸为316μm。     

Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝的晶粒细化作用

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝进行细化试验,研究了熔体静置时间、合金线添加量以及添加温度对晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明,熔体静置时间为5min时,合金线的细化效果较好,静置时间在120min之内,细化效果未出现明显衰退现象;随着合金线添加量的增加,细化后纯铝的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;细化温度为700～730℃时,Al-5Ti-1B合金线具有较好的细化效果,温度为690℃时,晶粒局部粗大,温度为740℃时,细化后纯铝晶粒尺寸较大。     

高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化性能

采用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜,研究了高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的化学成分、显微组织和晶粒细化性能。结果表明,高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线的Ti、B合金元素含量稳定,Fe、Si、V、K杂质元素含量低。合金线的组织均匀细小,无氧化夹杂物,TiAl3相平均尺寸为16.7μm,TiB2粒子平均尺寸为0.73μm。添加质量分数为0.2%的高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线可使纯铝铸态晶粒细化到75.7μm,晶粒细化响应时间块,抗衰退能力强,适应铝熔体温度范围宽。研究结果可为细化剂生产企业和铝加工企业在生产、选用高品质Al-5Ti-1B合金线时提供参考。     

超声制备Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的组织和细化效果

利用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对施加不同超声振动处理制备的Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂的微观组织进行观察和分析,并使用工业纯铝作为研究对象进行细化试验。结果表明,在Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂制备过程中,施加超声振动处理能显著改善其组织和细化效果。连续超声处理10 min制备的Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂中TiAl3相均为细小的块状,平均尺寸为12.4μm,TiB2颗粒弥散分布在铝基体中,对工业纯铝的细化效果最好,可将纯铝晶粒细化至307μm。     

粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能

采用气雾化工艺制备Al-5Ti-1B合金粉,然后压制成Al-5Ti-1B合金,研究了粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的显微组织与晶粒细化性能,并与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金进行了比较。结果表明:气雾化快速凝固可以抑制TiB_2粒子的团聚和细化TiAl_3相,使TiB_2粒子和TiAl_3相均匀分布在粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金的α(Al)基体上。在纯铝熔体中添加0.2%(质量分数)的粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金并保温2 min,可使纯铝的晶粒组织从粗大的柱状晶细化为平均直径为183μm的等轴晶。保温时间延长至180 min,纯铝的晶粒平均直径仍保持在229μm。与铸造Al-5Ti-1B合金相比,粉末压制Al-5Ti-1B合金具有更强的晶粒细化能力和抗细化衰退能力。     

Al-5Ti-1B添加量和熔体保温时间对2024铝合金铸态组织的影响

研究了电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化剂添加量和熔体保温时间对2024铝合金铸态组织的影响。结果表明:添加0.1%的Al-5Ti-1B,可使2024铝合金的铸态组织从167.4μm的粗大枝晶细化到59.4μm的等轴晶。随着Al-5Ti-1B的添加量从0.1%逐渐增加到0.4%,2024铝合金的晶粒进一步细化,但晶粒细化效应逐渐减弱。当Al-5Ti-1B添加量为0.4%,2024铝合金被细化为平均直径为34.3μm的等轴晶。添加0.1%的Al-5Ti-1B并静置1 min,2024铝合金晶粒被细化至91.3μm。保温5 min,晶粒被细化为58.6μm的等轴晶;保温时间延长至120 min,晶粒未见明显长大。试验结果表明,电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B细化2024铝合金具有晶粒细化效果好、响应时间短和持续时间长的优点。     

国内外Al-5Ti-1B合金线的组织与晶粒细化性能

采用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪检测分析了国内外Al-5Ti-1B合全线的化学成分、显微组织和晶粗细化效果.结果表明:韩国SLM公司A1-5Ti-1B合全线Fe、Si杂质元素含量较高,国内A厂A1-5Ti-1B合全线TiAl3尺寸较大,TiB2粒子团聚较严重,荷兰KBM公司和国内B厂的Al-5Ti-1B合全线的化学成分、显微组织和晶粒细化性能综合质量较好.     

Al-3Ti-3B中间合金对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化的影响

利用OM、XRD、SEM和EPMA等手段研究了Al-3Ti-3B细化剂对AZ31镁合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,添加适量的Al-3Ti-3B细化剂能使铸态AZ31镁合金粗大的树枝晶转变为均匀的等轴晶;加入量为0.4%时取得了较好的细化效果,固溶处理后的AZ31镁合金平均晶粒尺寸由300μm减小到50μm。TiB2和AlB2粒子的异质形核作用是促使晶粒细化的主要机制,且TiB2粒子在晶界上的偏聚可进一步阻碍晶粒长大。     

三种中间合金对纯铝晶粒细化作用的对比研究

采用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪检测分析了Al-5Ti-1B、Al-10Ti和Al-4B三种中间合金的显微组织,并使用这三种合金对纯铝进行了细化实验.结果表明,Al-5Ti-1B中间合金由TiAl3、TiB2和α-Al基体三相组成,Al-10Ti中间合金由TiAl3和α-Al基体两相组成,TiAl3相尺寸不均匀,Al-4B中间合金由AlB2和α-Al基体两相组成.Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Ti中间合金对于纯铝具有良好的细化作用,Al-4B中间合金对于纯铝几乎无细化效果.TiAl3相时于铝晶粒具有显著的细化作用,在Ti的基础上引入B元素可进一步增强细化作用.     

Synthesis and Refinement Performance of the Novel Al-Ti-B-RE Master Alloy Grain Refiner

为优化铝中间合金细化剂的组织,提升细化性能,采用熔配法工艺合成新型Al-Ti-B-RE中间合金晶粒细化剂,合成反应基于热力学和动力学分析是可能的、存在的、自发向右进行,在适当的工艺条件下,在基体中可生成均匀弥散分布的第二相A13Ti、TiB2、Ti2A120RE等粒子。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、光学显微镜（OM）和力学拉伸试验等分析方法对所合成材料的微观组织、细化效果及力学性能进行了表征。细化试验表明：自制的Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金细化工业纯铝时,其平均晶粒尺寸小于150 μm到达细晶粒度级别。拉伸试验表明:工业纯铝中加入0.2%自制的Al-5Ti-1B-1RE中间合金晶粒细化剂后有更优的机械性能,与未细化工业纯铝相比,抗拉强度提高了28.39 MPa,延伸率增加了29.97%,其性能明显优于某国产的Al-5Ti-1B丝中间合金细化剂     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。