NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF ASPHALTENES AND COALS. A NEW APPROACH TO OBTAINING ASPHALTENE STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS WITH DIPOLAR DEPHASING

Apparent carbon aromaticities, fa, of some asphaltenes have been measured by n.m.r. in solution and compared with those obtained by the CP/MAS technique on solid samples. The aromaticities were also measured for several Alberta plains coals. From the 1H solution spectra and 13C solid nmr spectra of asphaltenes, some of their skeletal features, not obtainable from solution spectra only, have been suggested.     

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES OF SEDIMENTS DERIVED FROM VISBROKEN RESIDUES: STABILITY STUDIES.

The ¹H and ¹³C n.m.r analysis of the sediments derived from visbroken short residues (150°C+) obtained at different severity levels is reported. The nature of sediments and structural changes during visbreaking and on storage at ambient conditions are related to the processing characteristics of the residual fuel oils. The possible relationship between storage stability and processing conditions is also discussed.     

吐哈油田核磁共振录井影响因素分析及应对方法浅谈

核磁共振录井分析技术在吐哈油田投入使用以来,应用效果一直较差,为了弄清楚核磁共振物性分析准确性的原因,我们作了一系列基础平行实验,对核磁共振分析参数的准确性、适用性进行深入分析,主要对山前带不同区块、不同岩性的岩屑、岩心样品进行分析、归纳、总结,通过大量实验发现如不同扫描次数、样品浸泡后的放置时间等十大主要因素影响核磁共振录井分析的准确性,并针对存在的各种影响因素,提出了具体的应对方法。     

CHARACTERIZATION AMD POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF WHITEROCKS (DTAB) TAR SAND BITUMEN II. PYROLYSIS MASS SPECTROMETRY AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANALYSES

ABSTRACT

The proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics of the native Whiterocks bitumen were determined by comparing the spectra of the samples to literature assignments. The tentative structural assignments of pyrolysis products were also obtained from the spectra of Curie-point low voltage mass spectrometric analysis. The results obtained from proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis-mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the native bitumen consists mostly of short- and long-chain (i.e., normal and isoprenoid chains) alkylsubstituents attached to polycyclic naphthenic, naphtheno-aromatic and/or aromatic moieties.     

CHARACTERIZATION AMD POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF WHITEROCKS (DTAB) TAR SAND BITUMEN II. PYROLYSIS MASS SPECTROMETRY AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANALYSES

The proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance characteristics of the native Whiterocks bitumen were determined by comparing the spectra of the samples to literature assignments. The tentative structural assignments of pyrolysis products were also obtained from the spectra of Curie-point low voltage mass spectrometric analysis. The results obtained from proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and pyrolysis-mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the native bitumen consists mostly of short- and long-chain (i.e., normal and isoprenoid chains) alkylsubstituents attached to polycyclic naphthenic, naphtheno-aromatic and/or aromatic moieties.     

STUDIES ON LARGE CRUDE OIL ALKANES. II. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC WAXES AND WAXY ASPHALTENES.

ABSTRACT

Isolation of very large alkane components as described in the first paper within this series, fail in some cases. This work describes two non-routine isolation procedures applied to two different non-typical petroleum fractions. The first one comprises a chromatographic approach applied for the separation of alkanes from alkylaromatic compounds derived from paving asphalt waxes. The second separation procedure was developed for the isolation of alkane fractions associated with asphaltenes that precipitated during long crude oil storage periods, resulting in highly insoluble organic composites

In the first case, the isolated fractions were characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. The evidence showed that long chain naphtheno-aromatic molecules behave like waxy asphalt components, which interact by unusual mechanisms with solid sorbents. Their chromatographic behavior was found to be between typical alkanes and typical aromatics. This behavior is caused by the simultaneous presence of three functionalities

The second sample type was characterized by spectroscopic methods only. The results permitted to assess that the waxy composite from crude oil tank sediments precipitated selectively, including highly aromatic and long alkyl chain asphaltenes as well as very large n-alkanes.     

KINETICS STUDIES OF THE DEVOLATILIZATION OF INDIAN COALS IN ISOTHERMAL AND NONISOTHERMAL CONDITIONS IN THERMOBALANCE AND IN A BATCH REACTOR

Kinetics studies of devolati1ization of Indian coals in inert gas atmosphere have been carried out under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions. Heating rates had negligible effects on the kinetic parameters under nonisothermal conditions. The devolati1ization reaction was found to be of the first order. The overall activation energy was found to be around 30 Kcal/mole. Isothermal data obtained from the batch reactor were also found to fit in the rate expression for a homogeneous first order, reversible reaction within temperature range of 380-445°C. The reaction was found to be kinetically controlled within the coal particles.     

石化区雨水收集与回用模式初探

探讨了雨水资源收集的方式和利用的途径。通过全面了解国内外有关城市雨水收集与利用研究及应用的状况,提出了在石化社区进行雨水收集、处理和利用的综合管理模式,并对雨水用作工业用水、绿化与生活杂用水等途径进行深入分析,为水资源的长期可持续利用提供一个有效途径。     

A PRELIMINARY APPROACH TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVOIRS IN IGNEOUS ROCKS

本文在对渤海湾盆地新生代火成岩分布、已发现火成岩油气藏特征研究的基础上,根据构造演化、火成岩分布、岩浆活动的特点,将盆地新生代岩浆活动史划分为两大旋回,并将火成岩油气藏分为抬升淋滤型、埋藏溶蚀型、构造裂缝型、火山碎屑岩型、火成岩体侧向遮挡型、接触变质型和超覆披覆型等7类。在此基础上,结合实例详细探讨了各类油气藏在地层剖面中所处的位置以及其岩性特点、储层物性特征等。     

计算水驱气藏动态储量及水侵量的新方法

气藏的动态储量及水侵量的计算是气藏工程研究的重要内容.基于水驱气藏物质平衡的基本原理,提出一种同时计算气藏动态储量和水侵量的新方法.该方法应用拟合的思想,通过对未知气藏动态储量的假设,结合迭代求解方法,快速准确确定气藏动态储量和水侵量.通过实例计算分析, 证明该方法具有计算过程简单、快速, 计算结果准确、实用的特点, 不失为一种有效方法.     

A RELATION OF DIELECTRIC CONSTANT AND REFRACTIVE INDEX OF SOME INDIAN COALS WITH THEIR CARBON CONTENT (DMMF) AT X-BAND MICROWAVE FREQUENCY

Abstract

Moisture in coal can be rapidly determined by microwave absorption method (De, 1988). There is a relation of carbon content in coal and moisture content in coal (VanKrevelen and Schuyer, 1957). With the hope of Finding a rapid method for determining the carbon content, a relation between carbon content (dmmf) at different ranks of Indian coals with their dieletric constant at 9.65 GHX has been found investigated.     

用扫描电镜评价高孔渗砂岩储集性能的新方法

通过建立砂岩孔隙喉道的平面模型，利用扫描电子显微镜的图象处理得到的孔隙直径、喉道宽度、面孔率等数据，推导出表征砂岩储集性能的“视渗透率”公式；实验得到的视渗透率数据与渗透率具有较好的相关性。     

13C-N.M.R. STUDIES OF A FLASH PYROLYSIS TAR AND A SUPERCRITICAL GAS EXTRACT USING MODERN PULSE SEQUENCES

The oil and the asphaltene obtained from a flash pyrolysis tar of an Australian sub-bituminous coal and the oil and asphaltene from a supercritical gas extract of an Australian bituminous coal were studied by ¹³;c-n.m.r. apectroscopy using modern pulse sequences which distinguish between primary (CH₃), secondary (CH₂), tertiary )CH( and quaternary (C) carbons. The oil from the flash pyrolysis tar was further separated into three fractions by elution chromatography and these were also studied. All the samples studied contained considerable amounts of long unsubstituted aliphatic chains. In the flash pyrolysis tar, a sizeable proportion of the long chains had a CH = CH₂ end group pertaining to both 1-alkenea and those chains attached to aromatic rings (w-aryl-1-alkenes), but this was much less in the supercritical gas extract. From the quaternary and tertiary carbon subspectra, it appears that the division of the aromatic carbon signal at 129-130 ppm between aromatic CH and C carbons is not valid for polar fractions of coal liquids. Though these pulse sequences are very useful for obtaining information on well resolved signals, broad featureless signals often found in coal liquids pose considerable problems.     

SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF H2S FROM PETROLEUM REFINERY GASES. II. A NEW DESULFURIZER BEHAVIOR OF DESORPTION AND THERMAL STABILITY

Desulfurizer JPE-7, a sterically hindered amine, has higher selectivity and absorption capacities than MDEA. JPE-7 has fast and complete regenerability, which has constant and lower H₂S content in the reduplicate tail gas. Thermal stability of JPE-7 is favorable for industrial operation condition. With the concentration of JPE-7 increasing, the absorption of CO₂ rapidly increases, while that of H₂S is reluctant to increase thus the selectivity and absorptivity is reluctant to increase. The optimum concentration of JPE-7 is range from 30 wt% to 40 wt%. The dimethyl yellow-methenyl blue method is recommended to determine the concentration of JPE-7 with reasonable accuracy.     

N_(p)=N_(Rmax) t~b/(t~b a)型增长曲线预测油田开发指标的0.5准数及其应用

提出了一种预测油田开发指标的新型增长曲线N_P=N_(Rmax)t~b/(t~b a),推导了油田开发指标Q_t、t_m、Q_(tmax)以及RPR的计算公式.用图形研究了这种增长曲线的Q_(?)—t关系的变化特点.研究发现,油田生产时间t与相应产量Q_t的乘积达到最大值(tQ_t)_(max)时,累积产油量N_P=(tQ_t)_(Rmax)与最大可采储量N_(Rmax)的比值恒等于0.5,称为N_p=N_(Rmax)t~b/(t~b a)型增长曲线预测油田开发指标的0.5准数.提出了根据实际资料计算N_(Rmax)、b、a等参数的方法.依奇克里克油田的计算实例表明.这种增长曲线在实际应用中具有重大价值.