Natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium

This article deals with natural convection heat and moisture transfer with thermal radiation in a cavity partially filled with hygroscopic porous medium. The governing equations for the momentum and heat transfer in both free fluid and hygroscopic porous medium and moisture content transfer in hygroscopic porous medium were solved by the finite element method. The radiative heat transfer is calculated by making use of the radiosity of the surfaces that are assumed to be grey. Comparisons with experimental and numerical results in the literature have been carried out. Effects of thermal radiation and Rayleigh number on natural convection and heat transfer in both free fluid and porous medium and moisture content transfer in porous medium were analyzed. It was found that surface thermal radiation can significantly change the temperature and moisture content fields in the regions of free flow and porous medium. The mean temperature at the interface decreases, the temperature and moisture content gradients are created on the upper two corners of the porous medium region, and the moisture content in the porous medium decreases in the porous medium as Ra increases.     

TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料蓄热过程数值模拟及实验

传统相变材料受限于自身热导率小,其相变蓄热效率难以提升,通过在相变材料中添加具有高热导率的金属多孔结构是强化传热的重要手段之一。本文建立了三周期极小曲面（triply periodic minimal surface,TPMS）多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料的三维、瞬态包含自然对流的相变蓄热模型,利用数值仿真结合实验的方法研究了TPMS多孔铝-石蜡复合相变材料在蓄热过程中的固液相界面演变规律、实时温度变化、热传输特性以及蓄热性能。结果表明,在纯石蜡中添加primitive杆状（primitive sheet,PS）、primitive壳状（primitive network,PN）两种TPMS多孔铝结构后,石蜡相变温度范围内出现明显的相变温度平台,PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的相变起始时间较纯石蜡分别减少了74.1%与91.4%,竖直方向上的最大温度梯度由纯石蜡的1605.7℃/m分别下降至PS-石蜡、PN-石蜡复合相变材料的840℃/m、943.8℃/m,蓄热速率较纯石蜡分别提高3.10倍、4.69倍。最后,通过选区激光熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技...     

考虑局部非热平衡的流体层流横掠多孔介质中恒热流平板的传热分析

对流体层流横掠多孔介质中恒热流加热的平板,应用Brinkman-Forchheime-extended Darcy流动模型和流体与多孔介质之间局部非热平衡理论建立守恒方程组,应用数量级分析和积分法,得出了速度边界层厚度、热边界层厚度、壁面黏性摩擦系数和对流传热系数、流体与多孔介质之间局部温差的计算公式。结果表明,速度边界层与光板时明显不同,其在平板前端迅速增长,之后越来越平坦,趋于一个恒定值;而热边界层则沿着流动方向不断增长,类似于光板时的情况;局部的表面对流传热系数在平板前端达最大值,之后逐渐减小,也类似于光板时的情况;多孔介质与流体间的局部温差在平板前端达最大值,之后呈现沿着流动方向逐渐减小的变化趋势。     

圆柱状金属泡沫多孔前置体的气动热效应分析

以超声速气流冲击轴线与来流方向相一致的带有金属泡沫多孔前置体的实体圆柱为研究对象,采用连续尺度单区域法数值模拟泡沫多孔前置体内部的流场及气动热效应。多孔域阻力特性基于分布阻力法加入,选用局部非热平衡模型,考虑流体相与固体相的传热温差,并通过Rosseland扩散模型加入固体相的辐射热效应。研究发现,在模拟气流工况下前置有一定长度的柱状泡沫多孔材料可显著降低模型激波阻力和前缘气动热效应,此外相对于气动压缩效应对温度场的影响黏性耗散效应较小。     

Finite Element Analysis of a Moving Boundary Value Problem

A finite element formulation and the solution of a set of nonlinear coupled heat and mass transfer equations for a two-phase system with a moving evaporation interface is presented. The interface condition takes into account the moisture transfer balance at the moving boundary. The finite element results were compared with existing results for a single phase system for model validation. In the two-phase system, the movement of evaporation front has an appreciable effect on the temperature and moisture distribution inside the porous medium during drying. The effect of the nondimensional heat of vapourization parameter γ on the evaporation front, temperature and moisture distribution in porous medium was studied. The higher the value of γ, the slower is the movement of the evaporation front. The temperature decreased and the moisture content increased as the nondimensional vapourization parameter γ increased. This model has potential applications in studying the heat and mass transfer characteristics in food and biomaterials.     

高温金属熔液在旋转多孔介质内的渗流传热过程

针对转动坐标系中铝熔液在SiC多孔介质内的流动传热现象 ,考虑离心力对渗流传热过程的影响 ,采用局部非热平衡假设建立多孔介质渗流传热数理模型 ,研究不同工况下流体的流速、压力损失及铝熔液和多孔介质的温度变化 .计算结果表明 :在渗透区域 ,液固两相存在温差 ,且液固温差随渗透界面的移动而减小 ;在非渗透区域 ,固体的温度曲线基本不变 .离心转速或孔隙率的增加都使渗透前沿区域液固两相温差增大 .孔隙率对流场和压力损失有较大影响.     

The Role of Nonuniformity in Convective Heat and Mass Transfer through Porous Media,Part 1

Through-air drying is commonly used in the drying of high-quality tissue and towel products. A representative elementary volume method was used to model the fluid flow and heat and mass transfer during through drying in heterogeneous porous biobased materials such as tissue and towel products. Results of flow both upstream and downstream of a modeled porous sheet allowed visualization of the effects of mixing at the top and bottom of the porous medium. The effect of initial nonuniformity on fluid flow and convective heat and mass transfer in heterogeneous porous media was studied. The effect of material nonhomogeneity and associated transport properties on moisture content of the porous material as a function of drying time was studied. Modeling results indicate that for the first time it is possible to simulate the effect of nonuniformity on fluid flow and convective heat and mass transfer in porous media during through-air drying of paper. Moisture and structural nonuniformity contributing to nonuniformity in air flow might contribute significantly to drying nonuniformity. Depending on the moisture regimes and degree of saturation of the convective medium, heat and mass transfer coefficients may have varying effects on the overall drying.     

竖直套管内带热源的多孔介质中的自然对流

为研究内热源存在时多孔介质中流动和传热的特性,采用数值方法对上下底绝热、内外壁存在温差时,竖直套管中带均匀容积热源的多孔介质内的自然对流进行了分析。考查了内、外Rayleigh数之比Rai／Ra、高宽比A及半径比k对流场、温度场以及局部和平均Nusselt数的影响。研究结果表明,Rai／Ra和A较大时,内、外壁面附近分别形成两个逆向环流,温度场出现θ>1的高温区和θ<1的低温区,高温区的范围随Rai／Ra和A的增大而扩大。内壁面局部Nusselt数沿管长先增大后下降,分界点位置随k的减小和A的增大下移;外壁面局部Nusselt数在管上部区域迅速增大。内壁面平均Nusselt数Nui与Rai／Ra的增加呈现负的线性关系。     

Natural convection heat transfer of nanofluids along a vertical plate embedded in porous medium

The unsteady natural convection heat transfer of nanofluid along a vertical plate embedded in porous medium is investigated. The Darcy-Forchheimer model is used to formulate the problem. Thermal conductivity and viscosity models based on a wide range of experimental data of nanofluids and incorporating the velocity-slip effect of the nanoparticle with respect to the base fluid, i.e., Brownian diffusion is used. The effective thermal conductivity of nanofluid in porous media is calculated using copper powder as porous media. The nonlinear governing equations are solved using an unconditionally stable implicit finite difference scheme. In this study, six different types of nanofluids have been compared with respect to the heat transfer enhancement, and the effects of particle concentration, particle size, temperature of the plate, and porosity of the medium on the heat transfer enhancement and skin friction coefficient have been studied in detail. It is found that heat transfer rate increases with the increase in particle concentration up to an optimal level, but on the further increase in particle concentration, the heat transfer rate decreases. For a particular value of particle concentration, small-sized particles enhance the heat transfer rates. On the other hand, skin friction coefficients always increase with the increase in particle concentration and decrease in nanoparticle size.     

A NEW CLASS OF SIMILARITY SOLUTIONS OF AN UNSTEADY ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING FREE-FORCED CONVECTIVE FLOW IN A VERTICAL POROUS SURFACE WITH DUFOUR AND SORET EFFECTS

The 2-D unsteady magnetohydrodynamic free-forced convective boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible fluid is studied numerically taking into account heat and mass transfer. The fluid is subjected to uniform heat and mass fluxes embedded in a porous medium by the presence of coupled Dufour and Soret effects. A new class of similarity equations has been obtained by introducing a time-dependent length scale and a corresponding similarity variable. The resulting equations are then integrated numerically using the Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique along with the sixth-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. By developing locally similar solutions of the fluid flow, the behavior of the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields as well as the rate of heat transfer, wall temperature gradient, rate of mass transfer, and skin friction coefficient have been investigated. The effects of Grashof number (Gr), modified Grashof number (Gm), combined effects of the porous and magnetic parameter (S), suction/injection parameter Fw, Brinkman number (Br), Soret number (Sr), and Dufour number (D_f) have been observed on the flow field and discussed.     

表面辐射对部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内热湿耦合传递的影响

根据多孔介质热质传递原理, 基于有限元的方法数值分析了具有表面热辐射的部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程, 探讨了表面发射率、Rayleigh数和Darcy数等参数对封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程的影响, 研究结果表明, 壁面热辐射的作用可以提高多孔介质内部的温度, 而且随着表面发射率的增大, 多孔介质内部的水分逐步向其右上角迁移和聚集。另外, Darcy数、多孔介质与空气的热导率比对方腔内部多孔介质的热量传递和水分迁移影响较小。     

TRANSIENT MIXED CONVECTION ALONG A VERTICAL PLATE EMBEDDED IN POROUS MEDIA WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION AND OSCILLATING TEMPERATURE

The effects of oscillating plate temperature on transient mixed convection heat transfer from a porous vertical surface embedded in a saturated porous medium with internal heat generation or absorption are studied. The governing equations are transformed into dimenionless form by a set of variables and solved using the Galerkine finite element method. As the energy generation increases, the temperature near the wall will be higher than the wall temperature, thus increasing buoyancy forces inside the boundary layer and consequently increasing the velocity. The increase of energy absorption term for either space or temperature dependence will decrease the velocity inside the boundary layer and increase heat transfer rates. Different temperature and velocity profiles are drawn for different dimensionless groups. Numerical values for Nusselt numbers as well as local skin friction coefficient are also tabulated.     

TRANSIENT MIXED CONVECTION ALONG A VERTICAL PLATE EMBEDDED IN POROUS MEDIA WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION AND OSCILLATING TEMPERATURE

The effects of oscillating plate temperature on transient mixed convection heat transfer from a porous vertical surface embedded in a saturated porous medium with internal heat generation or absorption are studied. The governing equations are transformed into dimenionless form by a set of variables and solved using the Galerkine finite element method. As the energy generation increases, the temperature near the wall will be higher than the wall temperature, thus increasing buoyancy forces inside the boundary layer and consequently increasing the velocity. The increase of energy absorption term for either space or temperature dependence will decrease the velocity inside the boundary layer and increase heat transfer rates. Different temperature and velocity profiles are drawn for different dimensionless groups. Numerical values for Nusselt numbers as well as local skin friction coefficient are also tabulated.     

有内热源的多孔层中自然对流的稳定性分析

采用局部非热平衡模型, 通过数值法和Garlerkin近似法, 分析存在均匀内热源和边界浓度梯度时, 有效热导率比、流体和固相间的传热系数、浓度梯度的大小以及内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况对水平多孔层中临界内热源Rayleigh数的影响, 来研究相关参数对自然对流的稳定性的影响, 并得到临界内热源Rayleigh数的表达式。结果表明, 浓度Rayleigh数的增加可以促进自然对流的形成;内热源为正时, 自然对流的形成区域主要位于上半区域;内热源为负时, 自然对流的形成区域位于下半区域, 内热源总是促进自然对流的发生;有效热导率比、流体和固相间的内部传热系数、内热源在流体与固相内的分布情况相互耦合, 影响自然对流的稳定性, 这种影响取决于各参数的范围。     

A generalized CFD model for evaluating catalytic separation process in structured porous materials

A hybrid multiphase model is developed to simulate the simultaneous momentum, heat and mass transfer and heterogeneous catalyzed reaction in structured catalytic porous materials. The approach relies on the combination of the volume of fluid (VOF) and Eulerian–Eulerian models, and several plug-in field functions. The VOF method is used to capture the gas–liquid interface motion, and the Eulerian–Eulerian framework solves the temperature and chemical species concentration equations for each phase. The self-defined field functions utilize a single-domain approach to overcome convergence difficulty when applying the hybrid multiphase for a multi-domain problem. The method is then applied to investigate selective removal of specific species in multicomponent reactive evaporation process. The results show that the coupling of catalytic reaction and interface species mass transfer at the phase interface is conditional, and the coupling of catalytic reaction and momentum transfer across fluid–porous interface significantly affects the conversion rate of reactants. Based on the numerical results, a strategy is proposed for matching solid catalyst with operating condition in catalytic distillation application.     

相变微胶囊悬浮液喷淋换热特性实验研究

根据相变微胶囊储存和释放潜热的特殊性质,分别使用相变微胶囊悬浮液（MPCMS）和纯水作为喷淋介质,搭建了一个小型喷淋塔装置,其中相变微胶囊的芯材为正二十二烷(C₂₂H₄₆)。实验设定了五个喷淋温度(35、40、44、47、51℃)、三个空气流量(0.011、0.018、0.025 m³/s)和两种直径(SMD=80、240 μm)的大、小液滴作为实验变量,探究了上述两种介质与空气之间的换热特性。实验结果表明：相变微胶囊的过冷会影响换热过程。常温常湿条件下,对于小液滴,当空气流量为0.018、0.025 m³/s时,喷淋温度为44、47℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水更能促进换热;当空气流量为0.011 m³/s时,喷淋温度为44℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水更能促进换热。对于大液滴,在三种空气流量下,喷淋温度为44℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水作为喷淋介质时换热效果更好。     

相变微胶囊悬浮液喷淋换热特性实验研究

根据相变微胶囊储存和释放潜热的特殊性质,分别使用相变微胶囊悬浮液（MPCMS）和纯水作为喷淋介质,搭建了一个小型喷淋塔装置,其中相变微胶囊的芯材为正二十二烷(C₂₂H₄₆)。实验设定了五个喷淋温度(35、40、44、47、51℃)、三个空气流量(0.011、0.018、0.025 m³/s)和两种直径(SMD=80、240 μm)的大、小液滴作为实验变量,探究了上述两种介质与空气之间的换热特性。实验结果表明：相变微胶囊的过冷会影响换热过程。常温常湿条件下,对于小液滴,当空气流量为0.018、0.025 m³/s时,喷淋温度为44、47℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水更能促进换热;当空气流量为0.011 m³/s时,喷淋温度为44℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水更能促进换热。对于大液滴,在三种空气流量下,喷淋温度为44℃的MPCMS比相同温度下的纯水作为喷淋介质时换热效果更好。     

Re-evaluation of the Nusselt number for determining the interfacial heat and mass transfer coefficients in a flow-through monolithic catalytic converter

The two-equation porous medium model has been widely employed for modeling the flow-through monolithic catalytic converter. In this model, the interfacial heat and mass transfer coefficients have been usually obtained using the asymptotic Nusselt and Sherwood numbers with some suitable assumptions. However, previously it seemed that there existed some misunderstanding in adopting these Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. Up to now, the Nusselt number based on the fluid bulk mean temperature has been used for determining the interfacial heat and mass transfer coefficients. However, the mass and energy balance formulations in the two-equation model indicate that the Nusselt number should be evaluated based on the fluid mean temperature instead of the fluid bulk mean temperature. Therefore, in this study, to correctly model the heat and mass transfer coefficients, the Nusselt number based on the fluid mean temperature was newly obtained for the square and circular cross-sections under two different thermal boundary conditions (i.e., constant heat flux and constant temperature at the wall). In order to do that, the present study employed the numerical as well as analytical method.     

多孔介质在高温相变蓄热中的强化换热

采用实验方法,验证了金属泡沫、膨胀石墨在高温蓄热系统中强化换热的作用。实验结果表明,在250～290℃之间,金属泡沫多孔材料能够提高纯硝酸钠的换热率2.1倍。由于多孔材料严重抑制了自然对流,在液相加热阶段,硝酸钠与多孔材料混合物的换热率不高于纯硝酸钠的一半。通过比较底部加热和顶部加热两种加热方式下蓄热系统的换热性能,进一步揭示了多孔材料对自然对流的影响。     

超重条件下泡沫石墨-石蜡相变传热实验研究

基于高热导率多孔材料骨架强化传热的相变蓄冷器具有热容量大、换热效率高、控温稳定、环境适应性强等优点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。多孔介质内固-液相变换热过程中,由于相变换热产生的相变工质密度差在加速度的驱动下造成的液相浮升力变化,将引发更为复杂的固-液相变流动与换热不稳定性特征。设计搭建了离心环境条件下的多孔介质内固-液相变换热实验研究装置,实验获得了不同加速度大小和方向下多孔介质内固-液相变换热特性。结果表明,高导热泡沫石墨-石蜡相变蓄冷能够实现界面较低升温速率温控,同时加速度方向对于相变蓄冷装置整体换热效率及换热均温性存在显著影响。当加速度方向与热流方向反向或垂直时,加速度驱动液相储能工质局部自然对流将促进整体换热效率,而加速度方向与热流方向同向时换热效率降低,并且上述差异将随着加速度的提升而进一步扩大。