共查询到6条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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The idea of sustainable production and consumption is becoming a widely-accepted societal goal worldwide. However, its implementation is slow and the world continues to speed down an unsustainable path. One of the difficulties is the sheer complexity of production and consumption systems that would need to be re-engineered in a more sustainable way as well as the number of sustainability constraints that have to be considered and satisfied simultaneously. This paper argues that bringing about sustainable production and consumption requires a systems approach underpinned by life cycle thinking as well as an integration of economic, environmental and social aspects. In an attempt to aid this process, a novel decision-support framework DESIRES has been developed comprising a suite of tools, including scenario analysis, life cycle costing, life cycle assessment, social sustainability assessment, system optimisation and multi-attribute decision analysis. An application of the framework is illustrated by a case study related to energy. 相似文献
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The production of energy in Pakistan as a developing country mainly depends on consumption of fossil fuels, which are the main sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions can be mitigated by implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS) in running plants. An overview of the current and future potentials of Pakistan for CCS is provided, indicating a great potential for this technology to capture CO2 emissions. The amine CO2 capture process as the most mature procedure is currently applied in many oil and gas companies in Pakistan, which can be employed to capture CO2 from other industries as well. Pakistan has a great CO2 storage potential in oil, gas, and coal fields and in saline aquifer as well as significant resources of Mg and Ca silicates suitable as feedstock in the carbon mineralization process. For further development and implementation of CCS technologies in Pakistan, economic and policy barriers as the main obstacles should be alleviated. 相似文献
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Mohammad H. Keshavarz Hadi Motamedoshariati Reza Moghayadnia Majid Ghanbarzadeh Jamshid Azarniamehraban 《Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics》2013,38(1):95-102
Crystal density and enthalpy of formation of the condensed phase of energetic compounds are two important input parameters for the performance prediction in several computer codes for rapid hazard assessment of energetic materials. A novel easy‐to‐handle user‐friendly computer code in Visual Basic is introduced to predict these parameters for various energetic compounds including nitroaliphatics, nitrate esters, nitramines, polynitroarenes, and polynitroheteroarenes. The calculated values can be used as inputs for other thermochemical/hydrodynamic computer codes. This computer code is also able to calculate the activation energies of thermal decomposition of polynitroarenes and nitramines in condensed state. The number of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms and specification of some molecular fragments are input parameters for this code without using any experimental data. The new algorithms on the base of easy‐to‐get input parameters are tested for some new energetic compounds, which provide more reliable results as compared to the best available methods. 相似文献
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Mohammad I. Al-Wabel Adel R. A. Usman Mohamed H. El-Saeid Ali M. Al-Turki Ashraf S. Hassanin Aarif H. El-Mubarak 《Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds》2013,33(5):420-433
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess the pollution levels, sources, and human health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of industrial areas of the central and eastern regions of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the surface soil samples from industrial areas (cement kiln, oil refinery, electric power plant, steel industry, and desalination plant) were collected and analyzed by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight (HRGC-MS/MS-TOF) to quantify the levels of 26 PCBs (including 12 dioxin-like PCBs and 14 indicator-PCBs). The investigated 26 PCBs were detected in all soil samples. The total PCBs concentration (from tri-CBs to hepta-CBs) ranged from 171 to 4892 pg g?1 with an average of 1369 pg g?1 in soils of the central region and of 142–1231 pg g?1 with an average of 302 in soils of the eastern region, showing higher values at cement factory and/or oil refinery sites. Overall, the indicator-PCBs were the main congeners and contributed dominantly to the total mass of PCBs in comparison with the dioxin-like PCB congeners, with the most abundant for PCB-180 in the soil samples of the central region. Among individual dioxin-like PCBs, PCB-126 had the highest average value of the toxicity equivalence (TEQ). The TEQ values of ∑12dioxin-like PCBs did not exceed the Canadian soil quality guidelines of dioxin (4 pg TEQ g?1). Based on human health risk assessment via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, low adverse effects of PCBs could be expected as indicated by lower values of cancer risk (≤10?6). The principal component analysis indicated that there is a different source of PCBs with similar or different PCB profiles. 相似文献