膜过程中热质耦合传递分析

研究了透过致密无孔膜的传热传质过程,考察了传热传质的相互作用,建立了膜过程中热质耦合传递的数学模型,并以湿空气透过薄膜分离过程为例,分析了温差及浓度差的变化对传热传质过程的影响,发现温差及浓度差的变化会引起热阻及湿阻的变化,从而进一步影响热流量和传质通量,所以对传热传质过程有加成作用。     

石蜡/纳米石墨复合相变储热材料的换热与放热效率

相变储热是提高能源利用率的重要手段之一,相变储热材料的换热系数与放热效率研究对太阳能高效利用具有重要意义。通过变换铝管管径、循环风速以及空气温度,计算出复合相变储热材料的换热系数及放热效率。结果表明:铝管管径不变,循环风速小于3m/s时,空气温度对换热系数影响很小,差值在1W/(m2·℃)左右;换热系数、放热效率都随风速的增大而有所提高,放热效率最大可达95.3%;随着管径增大,换热系数逐渐减少,放热效率却逐渐增大;适合石蜡/纳米石墨复合相变储热材料的最佳条件为管径30mm、循环风速3m/s以及空气温度90℃。     

竖直平面上的传热传质复合自然对流

用数值方法研究了竖直平面上因热及物质扩散引起的传热传质复合自然对流,得到了速度、压力、温度和浓度的分布及传热传质速率随浮力比的变化规律。研究结果表明：Ｎｕ与Ｓｈ在随浮力比Ｂ的变化过程中出现最小值,此时的浮力比Ｂｍｉｎ仅是Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ的函数;流型取决于浮力比和Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ,根据流型不同可在Ｂ－Ｐｒ／Ｓｃ坐标系中将流场划为４个区域。     

滚筒干燥器内丝状物料的传热传质特性研究

干燥涉及众多生产领域,卷烟加工过程中存在干燥环节,滚筒烘丝机是用于干燥烟丝的主要设备。在滚筒烘丝机内,烟丝与周围环境进行热质交换,不同的运行控制条件,将直接影响烟丝的品质。由于干燥过程受众多因素的影响,至今烟草加工企业对烘丝机内部烟丝的传热传质特性缺乏深层次的认识,不利于烟丝品质的提高。针对上述背景,本文基于传热传质学、流体力学、多相流动等相关理论,通过计算机数值模拟方法,建立并求解滚筒内的传热传质数学模型,获得不同操作条件下烟丝温度、含水率变化的详细信息,并将所得结果与实际生产数据相验证。研究结果表明,烟丝与气流逆流流动条件下,干燥过程存在三个阶段：预热段、恒速段、降速段,烟丝含水率先升后降,烟丝温度经历先升高、后降低、再升高的过程;顺流流动条件下,干燥过程存在两个阶段：预热段与恒速段,烟丝含水率沿程单调下降,烟丝温度在预热段急剧上升,在恒速段平缓上升。     

Lumped heat and mass transfer coefficient for simulation of a pressure swing adsorption process

The practical implications of replacing various individual transport resistances such as gas-solid mass and heat transfer, and gas phase axial dispersions of mass and heat in a numerical model of a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process by a single, empirical, lumped, effective mass transport coefficient were evaluated. A non-isothermal, adiabatic, four-step Skarstrom-like PSA process for production of pure helium from a binary helium-nitrogen mixture using 5A zeolite adsorbent was considered. It was found that the above-described model simplification was adequate to describe key process performances such as the bed size factor and the product recovery vis-a-vis a detailed model where the effects of all individual resistances were explicitly included.     

相变换热技术在油气集输加热设备中的应用

油气集输工程中多年来一直采用传统的管式炉和水套炉等加热设备,随着传热理论与技术的不断发展和进步,将相变换热技术应用于加热设备,可显著地提高加热设备的热效率。文章介绍了相变加热炉的工作原理和工程应用实例。     

固定床中丝状颗粒的传热传质特性

目前对于固定床中丝状填充颗粒传热传质特性的认识仍处于初始阶段。为了能够从颗粒尺度的微观层面揭示丝状颗粒与气体、颗粒与颗粒之间的热、质传递机理,建立了一种丝状颗粒传热传质数学模型,之后将离散单元法与计算流体力学相结合,对实验中较难获得的床层局部流动及传递信息进行了数值模拟,并着重分析比较了气流入口温度以及表观气速等关键因素对固定床中丝状颗粒温度和含水率变化的影响规律。通过模拟结果与实验数据的对比,验证了所建模型的可行性。研究结果表明:同一时刻,固定床中颗粒温度大体上是随着床层高度的增加而降低,含水率则是随着床层高度的增加而升高;气流入口温度对于固定床中丝状颗粒平均温度的提升起着主导作用,而颗粒的传质速度则受表观气速的影响更为明显。     

连续锦纶干燥塔的数学模型研究及数值仿真

针对某干燥塔的结构特点及运行过程中传热传质特性,建立了该干燥塔中干燥过程的传热传质微分模型,并用试验数据验证其合理性。运用经典龙格库塔法获得该模型的数值结果,分析了传热传质过程中干燥氮气温湿度和锦纶切片温湿度沿塔高的分布情况。通过仿真优化操作条件,提高了干燥塔的干燥能力。     

溶液再生器传热传质过程的数值模拟

根据湿空气和溶液热质交换的基本理论,建立了叉流溶液再生器的传热传质数学模型,并将该模型简化,得出空气和溶液的质量、能量控制方程。根据数值求解的方法,对方程进行离散简化,利用Matlab语言编程模拟计算。将模拟结果和实验结果进行了比较,结果表明本模型可靠。     

Experimental and numerical analysis of oil shale drying in fluidized bed

The main objective of this work was to experimentally and numerically investigate the Liu Shu River oil shale drying by the means of flue gas in a fluidized bed dryer. Several experiments were performed under different temperatures conditions. The moisture content of oil shale was measured during the experiments. The two-stage drying model was incorporated in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package FLUENT via user-defined functions (UDF) and utilized for simulation of heat and mass transfer of oil shale drying in the fluidized bed dryer. The simulation results for solid moisture content agreed well with experimental data. The effects of the temperature and velocity of flue gas, initial bed height, and the particle size on the drying characteristics were predicted and analyzed. It is shown that the gas temperature and velocity are the important parameters in the whole drying process. The particle size has more obvious influence in the falling drying period than the constant drying period. The temperatures of gas and solid phases were monitored. It is shown that the so-called “near gas distributor zone” is the most effective heat transfer zone, which agrees well with the calculated value. The system quickly reached thermal equilibrium, characterizing a nearly isothermal bed. The developed model provides a very good demonstration to describe the oil shale drying in the fluidized bed dryer, and may provide important information for design, optimization of operation conditions.     

洗涤冷却管内热质传递的实验研究及数值模拟

为了研究新型洗涤冷却室洗涤冷却管内热质传递,对新型水煤浆气化炉洗涤冷却室进行了热模实验研究,并借助F luent流体仿真模拟计算软件,建立了洗涤冷却管内气液二相流热质同时传递过程的数学模型,模拟值与实验值吻合较好。研究结果表明:对于一定的合成气量,存在一个最佳的冷却水量。洗涤冷却管上部0.2 m区域内合成气温度下降梯度最大,即该处气液热质同时传递最为剧烈。比较建模所选用的4种辐射传热模型,结果显示,采用Rosseland辐射模型的模拟结果与实验结果最为吻合。     

Numerical Simulation of Vacuum Drying by Luikov's Equations

A two-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate coupled heat and mass transfer in apple under vacuum drying. Luikov's equations are the governing equations in analyzing heat and mass diffusion problems for capillary-porous bodies. The model considers temperature- and moisture-dependent material properties. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of some of the most important operating variables, in particular, pressure and temperature of drying air, on the drying of apple. The resulting system of unsteady-state partial differential equations has been solved by a commercial finite element method (FEM) package called FEMLAB (COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Simulations, carried out in different drying conditions, showed that temperature is more effective than air pressure in determining the drying rate. A parametric study was also carried out to determine the effects of heat and mass transfer coefficients on temperature and moisture content distributions inside apple during vacuum drying. A comparison between the theoretical predictions and a set of experimental results reported in the literature showed very good agreement, especially during the first 4,200 s, when experimental data and theoretical predictions overlapped and relative errors never exceeded 2%.     

A comprehensive review on modeling of pneumatic and flash drying

Pneumatic conveying drying (PCD) is a widely used process in the industries and is a combination of heat and mass transfer and pneumatic handling technology. Drying processes consume large amounts of energy and, therefore, reduction in operating cost will be extremely beneficial for the industry. Many studies have been conducted to model and optimize the pneumatic drying. This review article focuses on the different strategies used in the literature to model pneumatic drying processes. An analysis is provided for the different mathematical modeling and its components such as balance and complementary equations and modeling assumptions. Two-fluid theory, Eulerian granular, and the discrete element method are reviewed as well as gas–solid flow modeling methods. In addition, the numerical methods and the main studied parameters in the field of pneumatic drying are investigated. To this end, heat and mass transfer coefficients, gas and dispersed phase properties are reviewed.     

HD低温蒸发系统中填料蒸发器传质传热的分析

通过研究系统中填料蒸发器的蒸发传质传热过程以及两相流动特性，采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）中离散相与连续相耦合的方法来模拟规整填料内部通道的蒸发传质传热过程，实现了填料蒸发器中两相传质传热的过程以及液滴流动的可视化，为研究气液两相在规整填料内的流动提供了一种模拟方法。通过与实验结果的比较，最终选用RNG k-ε湍流模型来分析规整填料内部气液两相传质传热以及流动情况。数值模拟研究了规整填料板间距对填料内部气液两相传质传热以及液滴运动影响，发现随着板间距的增大，填料内部压力降逐渐降低，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率降低，液滴进出口质量差减小，气相出口温度逐渐降低，蒸发传质传热效率降低。随着气速的增大，出口空气中水蒸气的含量不断减小，液滴蒸发速率增加，气相出口温度降低，气液两相传质传热效率降低。     

MVR蒸发器管内沸腾传热传质数值模拟

建立了MVR升膜循环蒸发器管内沸腾蒸发传热传质三维物理模型,采用标准k-ε湍流模型、多相流混合模型和C语言编写气液两相之间质量传递和能量传递的自定义函数,对光管和波纹管内氨基酸废水溶液的沸腾蒸发传热传质特性进行了数值模拟研究,得到了光管和波纹管内湍流强度、温度场、相变含气率和平均沸腾传热系数的分布规律,比较了光管和波纹管内流体的流动和传热传质特性,分析了不同管壁加热温度和进口流速对沸腾传热性能的影响。结果表明,采用MVR升膜循环蒸发器可以实现氨基酸废水溶液的低温负压沸腾蒸发操作,传热管的结构对流体的流动和传热传质有影响,波纹管与光管相比可使平均沸腾传热系数提高2.2倍。     

湿法烟气脱硫塔内传递与化学反应过程CFD模拟

以某330 MW燃煤发电机组湿法烟气脱硫塔为研究对象，采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了塔内气-液两相流动、热质交换模型，以溶解平衡、质量守恒及电荷守恒描述浆液内13种溶质组分瞬时化学反应特性，通过用户自定义函数实现流动模型与传质模型、化学反应模型的耦合。基于上述模型预测了脱硫塔内气-液两相流动、液滴蒸发与SO₂化学吸收过程，获得了SO₂浓度与浆液pH的径向分布特性，详细分析了气-液流动对化学吸收特性的影响，结果表明局部液气比分布特性是影响SO₂径向分布的关键因素之一，可通过调控近壁区及主管道区的两相流动状态提高脱硫塔的吸收性能；随着气相侧SO₂浓度提高或液滴粒径减小，浆液pH下降速率增大且各化学组分浓度达到稳定状态用时缩短。     

双层配碳烧结过程的传热传质分析

为了研究双层配碳下的铁矿石烧结过程及其节能效益,建立了铁矿石烧结过程的二维非稳态数学模型。模型基于多孔介质理论,考虑了烧结过程中的主要物理变化和化学反应,以烧结杯为求解对象,利用FLUENT软件及C语言自定义编程对烧结过程进行了数值模拟,并利用烧结杯实验数据对模型进行了验证。通过对常规均匀配碳和双层非均匀配碳烧结的传热传质过程进行仿真计算,分析了两种烧结方式下床层温度和物料熔化分数分布,并通过熔化分数对烧结矿成品率进行判定。研究结果表明：在不改变整个床层配碳量的条件下,相对于单层均匀配碳,双层配碳条件下热效率更高,床层温度和物料熔化分数沿料层高度分布更加均匀;上下层物料配碳分别为5%和3.4%且料层厚度相同时,烧结成品率提高10%;降低上层高配碳区料层厚度,即当上下层厚度比为5：9,配碳为5%和3.756%时,成品率能够进一步提高。     

用激光粒度分析仪检测细粒径SiO2基相变调湿复合材料的粒度分布

以SiO2为载体、棕榈醇-棕榈酸-月桂酸为相变材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备细粒径SiO2基相变调湿复合材料,以中位径(d50)为评价指标,采用激光粒度分析仪研究了溶液溶质浓度、超声时间、超声频率及分散介质对材料粒度的影响. 结果表明,激光粒度分析仪可用于检测SiO2基相变调湿复合材料的粒度分布,水对材料的分散效果比乙醇好,以水为分散介质,材料最佳溶质浓度为5~10 g/L,最佳超声时间为15 min以上,最佳超声功率大于400 W.