钛酸钾晶须填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用钛酸钾晶须（PTW）对超高摩尔质量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）进行填充改性，考察了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能，研究了其结晶情况，观察了磨损表面形貌并分析了其机理。结果表明：随着PTW用量的增加，复合材料的硬度、结晶度以及维卡软化点都有所增大。PTW提高了复合材料的耐磨性，但摩擦系数有所上升。PTW的加入使得UHMWPE的磨损机理从黏着磨损和塑性变形改变成疲劳磨损和轻微的塑性变形，提高了其抗磨粒磨损的性能。     

钛酸钾晶须填充超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的性能研究

创新地采用钛酸钾晶须(PTW)填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料。实验表明:PTW的加入对复合材料性能影响各异,经过偶联剂处理的PTW改性的复合材料具有较好的拉伸强度、较高的维卡软化点、较高的硬度和摩擦磨损性能。其中硅烷偶联剂KH-550的处理效果比NDZ-201处理的好。PTW的加入能够改变UHMWPE的磨损机理,纯的UHMWPE表现为犁沟及塑性变形,填充PTW可减轻磨损表面的犁沟和塑性变形状况。热分析表明:PTW在UHMWPE中有一定的异相成核作用,减少晶粒尺寸的大小,增加结晶度。     

UHMWPE的接枝改性及其与Nano-PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能

通过紫外光引发聚合将全氟烷基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(PFAMAE)单体接枝到超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)上,制备出超高摩尔质量聚乙烯接枝全氟烷基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物(UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE)。再采用热压成型法制备出UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE/纳米聚四氟乙烯(nano-PTFE)复合材料。采用红外光谱(FTIR)对接枝前后的UHMWPE进行表征,并借助磨损试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了UHMWPE、UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE和UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE/nano-PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能和机理。结果表明,PFAMAE单体已成功接枝到UHMWPE上;与纯UHMWPE相比,UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE的摩擦因数和磨损率均明显减小;在UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE中加入nano-PTFE后,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率进一步降低,当nano-PTFE质量分数为1%时,复合材料的性能最佳。接枝改性有效抑制了纯UHMWPE的磨粒磨损和塑性变形,加入适量的nano-PTFE,UHMWPE-g-PFAMAE/nano-PTFE复合材料仅表现为轻微的疲劳磨损。     

辐照交联GO/UHMWPE复合材料在人工海水润滑介质下的摩擦学性能研究

为改善超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)在海水润滑介质下的耐磨损性能,采用氧化石墨烯(GO)填充与辐照交联对UHMWPE进行改性处理。利用摩擦磨损试验机研究了辐照前后UHMWPE与GO/UHMWPE复合材料在人工海水润滑介质下的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与三维表面轮廓仪扫描试样磨痕表面形貌,计算其磨损率,并分析了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,在人工海水润滑介质下,GO填充与辐照交联改性处理均略微增加了UHMWPE的摩擦因数,降低了磨损率;二者共同使用可以协同增强UHMWPE的耐磨性能,降低复合材料的摩擦因数与磨损率; GO填充显著提高了UHMWPE的抗磨粒磨损与抗疲劳磨损性能;辐照交联改性处理进一步提高了GO/UHMWPE复合材料的抗磨粒磨损性能。     

氧化石墨烯/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用改进的Hummer法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),采用溶液共混法制备出氧化石墨烯/超高摩尔质量聚乙烯(GO/UHMWPE)复合材料。研究了GO/UHMWPE复合材料的拉伸力学性能和摩擦磨损性能;通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料的磨损表面,并对其磨损机理进行分析。结果表明,GO的添加提高了GO/UHMWPE复合材料的屈服强度和拉伸强度,降低了其断裂伸长率,其中,当GO质量分数为0.1%时效果最佳;GO填料改善了UHMWPE的抗磨损性能,当GO质量分数为0.1%时,磨损率最低,相比未填充时降低了38.5%。     

纳米TiO2-超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的摩擦学特性

利用MM-200型摩擦磨损实验机,考察了纳米TiO2增强超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）复合材料在生理盐水润滑下,与Co—Cr—Mo合金对摩时的摩擦磨损性能,用光学显微镜观察了材料摩擦表面磨痕形貌。结果表明,适当填充纳米TiO2可提高UHMWPE的硬度,显著降低摩擦系数,增强耐磨性。UHMWPE的磨损主要表现为粘着、犁沟及塑性变形,TiO2-UHMWPE复合材料的磨损表现为轻微疲劳磨损。     

纳米Al_2O_3填充超高分子量聚乙烯的生物摩擦磨损性能研究

用纳米Al2O3对人工关节软骨UHMWPE进行填充改性,在生理盐水润滑条件下,评价了其摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,纳米Al2O3的加入,在一定程度上提高了UHMWPE的硬度,与钛合金对磨时的摩擦系数随Al2O3含量(<10%)的增加而增加;与不锈钢对磨时,摩擦系数有所增加;不同Al2O3含量(<10%)的UHMWPE,磨损率比纯UHMWPE低。纯UHMWPE的磨损表现为明显的犁沟以及塑性变形,加入纳米Al2O3的UHMWPE的磨损主要表现为磨粒磨损和轻微的塑性变形。     

VE扩散对辐照交联GO/UHMWPE复合材料生物摩擦学性能的影响

利用浸泡的方式将维生素-E(VE)溶液扩散至辐照交联氧化石墨烯/超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(GO/UHMWPE)复合材料,提高其生物摩擦学性能.采用摩擦磨损试验机与三维形貌仪相结合的方式检测了复合材料的磨痕表面微观形貌及表面粗糙度,计算了磨损率并分析了耐磨减摩机理.结果表明,在120℃下,将GO/UHMWPE复合材料在VE...     

碱液中晶须增强PEEK复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

研究了不同含量PTW增强PEEK复合材料在碱液中的摩擦磨损性能,并与经典的CF增强PEEK复合材料对比,借助于SEM分析了磨损面和对偶面微观形貌,探讨了相关机理。结果表明,干摩擦时15%(质量)PTW增强PTFE/PEEK复合材料耐磨性是相同含量CF增强时的10.5倍。在碱液中,CF增加了PTFE/PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数、降低了其耐磨性能,而PTW可以进一步降低PTFE/PEEK复合材料的摩擦系数、明显地提高其耐磨性能。含5%PTW可提高PTFE/PEEK复合材料碱液中耐磨性2.36倍。碱液阻止了对偶面转移膜的形成,犁削和磨粒磨损是CF增强PEEK复合材料碱液中的主要磨损机制,而隧道状晶体结构和细微尺寸的纤维态形貌使得PTW在碱液中仍具有显微增强耐磨作用。     

纳米CuO填充UHMWPE基复合材料摩擦学性能的研究

利用MM 200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了不同质量含量的纳米CuO填充UHMWPE基复合材料在干摩擦条件下与45#钢对磨时的摩擦学性能。并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析磨损表面形貌及磨损机理。结果表明,纳米CuO/UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦性能与纯UHMWPE相比大部分均有提高,但耐磨性明显优于后者,纳米CuO在复合材料中的最佳含量在15%～17%左右。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。