制备工艺对碳化硼陶瓷性能的影响

以活性炭和碳化硅为烧结助剂,采用真空热压工艺,制备了碳化硼陶瓷材料.研究了真空热压工艺、烧结助剂对碳化硼陶瓷性能及断口的影响,结果表明,以活性炭和碳化硅为烧结助剂的碳化硼陶瓷随热压压力增加,开口孔隙度减小,相对密度和抗弯强度增加.添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷在热压压力为35MPa下,开口孔隙度有最小值(1.7%),相对密度(91.7%)和抗弯强度(277.6MPa)达最大值;以碳化硅为烧结助剂的碳化硼陶瓷在热压压力为30MPa下,开口孔隙度有最小值(0.66%),相对密度(91.9%)和抗弯强度(173.6MPa)达最大值.添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷随保温时间由30min增加到90min,开口孔隙度逐渐减小而相对密度逐渐增加(90min时分别达到0.19%、99.6%),抗弯强度先增加后减小,在保温时间为60min时抗弯强度达到最大值(351.7MPa).在相同的真空热压工艺下,添加活性炭的碳化硼陶瓷与添加碳化硅的碳化硼陶瓷相比,其开口孔隙度低,抗弯强度高.初步探讨了真空热压工艺以及添加剂促进碳化硼陶瓷烧结的机理.     

HfN含量对ZrB2基陶瓷材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

以HfN为增强剂、Ni为金属添加剂, 通过真空热压烧结工艺制备了ZrB₂-HfN陶瓷材料, 研究了HfN含量(质量分数)对ZrB₂基陶瓷材料微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明: 随着HfN质量分数从5%增加到15%, ZrB₂-HfN陶瓷材料的硬度和抗弯强度先增大后减小, 而断裂韧度逐渐增大; 当HfN质量分数为15%时, ZrB₂-HfN陶瓷材料的断裂模式为穿晶断裂与沿晶断裂共存; 当HfN含量为10%时, ZrB₂-HfN陶瓷材料具有较好的综合力学性能, 其硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧度分别为: (16.47±0.24) GPa、(734.48±25) MPa和(5.37±0.20) MPa·m 1/2。     

Mechanical Behaviors of ZrO2-Al2O3 Ceramic Composites with Y2O3 as Stabilizer

Forlongthebrittlenessofceramicmaterialshasstoodinthewayofindustrialapplicationanddevelop ment.However ,inrecentyears ,suchprogressasthephasetransformationtougheningofzirconia ,thedis persionofparticletougheningandthefiberorwhiskertougheninghavewellimprove…     

Al2O3／TiC陶瓷复合材料补强增韧机理研究

向Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＣ陶瓷材料中分别添加１５％ＺｒＯ２、１５％ＺｒＯ２＋２２％ＳｉＣｗ，得到的ＡＴＺ和ＡＴＺＳ复合材料的弯曲强度σｆ、断裂韧性ＫＩＣ均比基体Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＴｉＣ增加一倍，分别提高到９８９ＭＰａ、１０．９６ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２和１０９４ＭＰａ、１１．２６ＭＰａ·ｍ＾１／２。用ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ对材料显微结构、断口形貌及界面结合情况进行观察分析表明，ＡＴＺ和ＡＴＺＳ复合材料的强韧化机制主要为Ｚｒ     

Compositional Optimum Design and Experimental Investigation of Rare Earth Containing Ceramic Composite

Based on the Al2O3/(W,Ti) C ceramic material, optimum design of the material compositions were carried out, which includes the theoretical calculation of the critical volume fraction of the reinforcement phase, and the optimum design based on the impact resistance, thermal shock resistance and wear resistance, etc. It is found that the optimum volume fraction of (W,Ti)C is 31.2%, 32.8% and 34%, respectively, which is corresponding with the best impact resistance, thermal shock resistance and wear resistance. After comprehensive consideration, the optimum volume fraction of (W,Ti)C in Al2O3/( W, Ti)C ceramic material is finally determined to be 30%. Then, effects of the content of rare earth yttrium on the mechanical property of the Al2O3/30vol% (W,Ti)C ceramic material were investigated experimentally. It indicates that when the content of yttrium is 0.25% ～ 0.5%, both flexural strength and fracture toughness of the rare earth containing ceramic material are further improved with the increment of approximately 10% ～16%.     

Effects of Processing Technology on Property and Microstructure of Rare Earth Containing Ceramic Composite

Effects of processing technology on the properties such as relative density, flexural strength, fracture toughness, hardness, etc. and the microstructure of rare earth yttrium containing Al2O3/(W, Ti)C ceramic composite were experimentally investigated. It suggests that different processing parameters can undoubtedly result in different microstructures and different mechanical properties of the material. Under the experimental conditions, the suitable hot pressing temperature is 1720 ～ 1780 ℃, the time duration is 10 ～ 30 min and the hot pressing pressure is 30 ～ 35 MPa. The corresponding relative density can even be higher than 98 %. With SEM and TEM observation, each phases in the ceramic material is found to be in fine grains and distribute homogeneously. Typical fracture feature of the material is the mixture of both intergranular and introgranular fracture. Additionally, the existence of rare earth yttrium containing nanometer or sub-micron meter sized ceramic grains, dislocations and spontaneous microcracks can also contribute to the further improvement of the mechanical properties of the ceramic composite.     

高能球磨制备WC/Al2O3-Cr-Mo-Ni金属陶瓷及其组织和力学性能

以亚微米级WC粉、Al2O3粉、Cr粉、Mo粉与Ni粉为原料,采用高能球磨+热压工艺制备WC/Al2O3-Cr-Mo-Ni金属陶瓷材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析材料的物相组成和显微组织结构以及断裂方式,研究粘结相Ni和陶瓷相Al2O3的含量(均为质量分数)对该材料力学性能和微观结构的影响。研究表明:金属陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性随Ni含量增加而提高,随Al2O3含量增加而降低,硬度的变化趋势则相反。当Ni含量为7%、Al2O3含量为10%时,该金属陶瓷具有良好的综合性能,抗弯强度为567 MPa,断裂韧性为7.46(MPa.m1/2),维氏硬度为15.24 GPa,基本达到现用模具材料的水平。随着Ni含量增加,金属陶瓷的断裂方式由沿晶断裂向沿晶断裂与穿晶断裂相混合的方式转变。     

等离子喷涂双相复合结构顶层热障涂层的研究

热障涂层 (TBCs) 是燃气轮机等设备的高温部件上不可缺少的防护技术。 La2Zr2O7 是最具潜力的顶层材料, 但其韧性差等问题限制了其应用。 本研究采用双相复合陶瓷技术对 La2Zr2O7 进行改性, 以 LaPO4 与 La2Zr2O7 的 双相复合材料为热障涂层顶层材料。 采用机械混合和喷雾造粒技术制备双相陶瓷材料, 利用等离子喷涂的方法制 备双相陶瓷顶层。 通过热循环和冲蚀实验检测双相复合涂层的性能。 利用 X 射线衍射仪 (XRD) 检测涂层的相结构, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)检测涂层的表面和剖面形貌。结果表明, 双相复合结构涂层表面微细裂纹增多, 粗大裂纹减少, 裂纹会产生曲折和分叉。 LaPO4 的加入提高了双相陶瓷材料的韧性和断裂强度, 和单相 La2Zr2O7 涂层相比, 双相 陶瓷涂层在冲蚀过程中失重较少。     

CuO-TiO_2对多孔氧化铝陶瓷支撑体性能的影响

以α-Al2O3为骨料,羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为造孔剂和粘结剂,丙三醇为润滑剂和增塑剂,CuO-TiO_2为烧结助剂,采用挤压成形和固态粒子烧结法制备管式多孔氧化铝陶瓷支撑体。通过X线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、抗折强度测试等,研究CuO-TiO_2对氧化铝陶瓷支撑体的晶相组成与微观形貌、孔隙率、抗折强度、耐酸/碱腐蚀等性能的影响。结果表明:TiO_2与Al2O3固相反应生成Al2TiO5,并生成大量正离子空位而提高扩散系数,促进氧化铝陶瓷的致密化,同时CuO的液相润湿作用使TiO_2的固溶温度降低,生成液相低共熔物CuAl2O4,进而实现低温烧结。当TiO_2与CuO的添加量(质量分数)分别为3%和1.5%、烧结温度为1200℃时,获得孔隙率为33%、抗折强度104.4MPa、酸/碱腐蚀后的质量损失率为0.02%/0.09%的性能优异的管式多孔氧化铝陶瓷支撑体。     

添加剂对镁还原渣泡沫玻璃性能的影响

以镁还原渣和废玻璃为主要原料来制备泡沫玻璃,在确定镁还原渣和废玻璃配比的前提下,通过正交试验研究发泡剂碳酸钠、稳泡剂六偏磷酸钠及助熔剂硼砂的掺量对泡沫玻璃性能的影响,并对不同发泡剂掺量下的泡沫玻璃进行密度、吸水率、力学性能等的检测及XRD物相分析。结果表明,镁还原渣泡沫玻璃中含有明显的CaSiO_3晶相结构,3种因素中发泡剂的影响最为显著,当发泡剂、稳泡剂和助熔剂的掺量分别为2.0%、3.0%和2.0%时,得到的泡沫玻璃性能最好,其表观密度为598kg/m~3,抗压强度为5.34 MPa,吸水率为0.43%。     

Al2O3细粉对MgO系浇注料性能的影响

本文研究了Al2O3细粉的加入对MgO系浇注料性能的影响。在110℃×24h烘干,1500℃×3h烧成制度下,通过改变基质中Al2O3细粉的加入量,对材料物理性能和力学性能进行测试。结果表明：3％～5％Al2O3细粉的加入能显著改善MgO系浇注料的综合烧结性能：显气孔率15％～17％;体积密度3．01～3．03g／cm^3;耐压强度和抗折强度分别高达85～92MPa和12．4—14．5MPa;当Al2O3细粉的加入量大于5％时,由于材料线变化率和显气孔率的过度增大,引起材料结构的松散,导致材料强度的降低和抗渣性能的下降如：显气孔率大于20％;体积密度小于2．90g／cm^3;耐压强度和抗折强度则分别小于70MPa和10MPa。     

Al2O3和Na2O对高磷铁水脱磷的影响

 在1350℃,采用无氟CaO-FetO-SiO2渣系,以少量Na2O和Al2O3作助熔剂,对磷含量0.42%(质量分数,下同)的铁水进行了脱磷热力学试验。 结果表明：Na2O和Al2O3含量分别为0.7%~3.1%和2.5%~7.9%时,脱磷率为81.4%~90.7%,lgLP为1.50~1.92,lgγP2O5在-15.6~-16.6之间,lgCP为19.9~20.5。脱磷率、lgLP和lgCP 随Na2O含量的增加而增加。lgγP2O5随Na2O含量的增加而降低。Al2O3对脱磷效果的影响与Na2O正好相反。采用半球点法对CaO-Fe2O3-Na2O-Al2O3无氟脱磷剂进行了熔点测试。 发现以Na2O和Al2O3作助熔剂均可使脱磷剂熔点降至1200℃以下,满足高磷铁水转炉脱磷温度要求。     

Alkoxide route for preparing hydroxyapatite and its coatings

The preparation of hydroxyapatite using n-butanol or ethanol solutions of P2O5 and Ca glycoxide as precursors of P and Ca was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Stable mixed solutions of the precursors could be obtained in the presence of acetic acid (HOAC). For the mixed solution of Ca glycoxide with the ethanol solution of P2O5, a lower HOAC/Ca ratio was needed since the ethanol solution of P2O5 contained a lower concentration of H3PO4, a species that easily forms precipitates in the presence of the Ca containing species. An amorphous powder was obtained by heating the stable solution of Ca glycoxide and PO(OH)x(OEt)3-x with an HOAC/Ca ratio of 4 in a hot plate at approximately 150 degrees C. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was directly formed after calcining the amorphous powder at 500 degrees C. The stable mixed solutions of Ca glycoxide and the alcoholic solutions of P2O5 were used to prepare HAP coatings on alumina substrates using a dip-coating method. The resulting ceramic coatings have a rough surface and an adhesion strength of about 10 MPa. The morphology of the coatings is dependent on the preparation chemistry.     

激发剂对赤泥-黄金尾矿-碱矿渣体系性能的影响

为提高危险固体废弃物的综合利用水平,依据赤泥、黄金尾矿及矿渣三种固体废弃物的特性,研究NaOH、KOH和Na₂SiO₃三种激发剂对赤泥-黄金尾矿碱矿渣体系性能的影响。并在此基础上通过XRD、FT-IR、TGA/DSC和SEM等表征手段明晰其微观反应机理。结果表明,当Na₂SiO₃为激发剂时,复合胶凝材料体系的激发效果最好,标养3天的胶砂抗折强度和抗压强度分别达到5.5和23.5 MPa;标养28天的胶砂试件抗折强度和抗压强度分别为8.8和43.21 MPa,可达到P·I42.5水泥强度指标。通过微观分析得知,试件的主要强度来源物质为钙矾石和水化硅铝酸钙凝胶,力学性能高的材料其微观结构更为密实,碱激发水化产物数量更多。     

Preparation of Cordierite Ceramic Using Mixtures of Ce4+-Modified Amorphous Powder and Oxide Powders

The cordierite ceramic with a high strength and a low thermal expansion coefficient was prepared by using mixtures of Ce4 -modified cordierite amorphous powder and oxide powders of MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 as starting materials. The transformation procedure of the powders was analyzed by XRD method and the surface morphology of ceramics was examined by SEM method. The flexural strength was measured in a mechanical property testing machine using the Three-Point-Bending sample. Experimental results show that the ceramic added with 10%(mass fraction) of Ce4 -modified amorphous powder is composed of α-cordierite and small amount of CeO2 particles, and has a porosity of 15%(volume fraction) and a flexural strength of 32.6 MPa when sintered at 1350 ℃ for 3 h. It is suggested that this low-cost process is suitable for preparing the components such as supports of vehicle exhaust converters and diesel particulate trappers.     

莫来石/SiC复相材料的烧结工艺和成分优化

利用工业氧化铝和超细氧化硅合成莫来石，并结合SiC制备出了莫莱石／SiC复相材料。研究了烧结工艺及氧化铝和氧化硅的摩尔比对复相材料密度和强度的影响，并以材料的热震残余强度为指标、利用正交设计法研究了微量添加剂的影响效果。结果表明，复相材料的体积密度随烧结温度的升高和烧结时间的延均出现先升高后降低的规律，而开口气孔率的变化规律则相反；随结合相中Al2O3与SiO2的摩尔比的提高，复相材料的密度增加、气孔密度降低，而强度则先增后减，通过烧结工艺与结合相和添加剂成分的优化，材料密度最高可达2．5g/cm^2，抗折强度达34．5MPa，耐压强度可达90MPa，热震后的残余强度率为67．2％。     

Y2O3含量对钼合金组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金方法制备含Y2O3的稀土钼合金,利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)等手段对钼合金的断裂特征和组织结构进行对比分析,研究稀土氧化物Y2O3含量对钼合金组织和性能的影响.研究表明:添加Y2O3能细化晶粒、改善钼合金的晶粒均匀性和致密度、提高钼合金的性能:拉伸强度和屈服强度随Y2O3含量的增加呈现先增高后降低的趋势,在Y2O3含量为1％时,抗拉强度达511.43MPa,屈服强度456.99MPa,分别是纯钼材料的1.31倍和1.57倍,综合力学性能最佳;在烧结坯中,Y2O3颗粒分布均匀,主要以球形和等轴状形式存在于晶界上.     

Physical Properties of SiCp/Sialon Composites with 4% Y2O3

SiCp/Sialon ceramic manix composites were fabricated by pressureless sintering method using the Sialon powder synthesized from the kaolin clay and submicron SiC particles. The best sintering parameter of SiCp/Sialon composites with 4% (mass fraction) Y2O3 is 1500 ℃×2 h. It is shown that with the increasing of SiCp content, the bulk density decreases, the apparent porosity increases, the flexure strength increases at first and then decreases, the fracture toughness increases and hardness gradually decreases. The best physical properties can be obtained with 10 mass% SiCp, and the bulk density is 3.06 g ·cm-3, apparent porosity is 2.4％, flexure strength is 389.5 MPa, and Vickers hardness is 18.4 GPa. There will be 1280 MPa radial tensile stress and 640 MPa tangential stress in side of Sialon of interphase boundary between SiCp and Sialon phase by calcilation. The mechanism of improvement of SiC content on mechanical properties are also discussed.     

P和B对高强度Ti-IF钢再结晶织构和力学性能的影响

利用电子背散射技术(EBSD)等研究了4种P-B成分(/%:0.076～0.110P和0～0.005 2B)对Ti-IF钢(/%:0.001～0.003C、0.06～0.08Si、0.32～0.38Mn、0.002～0.008S、0.036～0.076Ti、0.002 0～0.004 0N)0.75mm冷轧板810℃ 120 s空冷退火后再结晶织构、强度、伸长率、加工硬化指数(n)和塑性应变比(r)的影响。结果表明,4种P-B成分冷轧Ti-IF钢退火后均发生了完全再结晶,获得多边形铁素体晶粒,主要织构组分是{111}<112>和{111}<110>。当P含量较高(0.110%)、B含量较低(0.000 6%)时钢的强度较高(抗拉强度387.5MPa,屈服强度260 MPa),但r值较低(1.5);P、B含量适量(0.089%P、0.005 2%B),强度和r值均较高(抗拉强度367.3 MPa,屈服强度201.5 MPa,r值1.95)。     

Thermal Barrier Coatings Based on ZrO2 Solid Solutions

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The standard material of the ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs)—a solid solution of ZrO2 stabilized with (6–8 wt.%) Y2O3...