掺杂浓度对Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性的影响

采用化学气相沉积(CVD)方法制备出3种掺杂浓度的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒。使用EDX(en-ergy dispersive X-ray)能谱,测得3种ZnO纳米棒中Co元素的掺杂浓度分别为0.4、1.4和2.4%。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,三个样品均为ZnO的六方铅锌矿结构,并沿着c轴取向择优生长。磁化曲线显示,掺杂浓度为0.4%的Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒为顺磁性,随着掺杂浓度的增大,Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒转变为铁磁性。扩展X射线吸收精细结构谱表明,Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性源于ZnO纳米棒中的Co金属团簇。     

纳米晶ZnO:Er3+的光致发光特性

为了探讨稀土Er^3＋与纳米ZnO基质之间的能量传递，利用化学沉淀法制备了纳米ZnO：Er^3＋粉体材料，测量了样品的X射线衍射谱（XRD）、光致发光谱（PL）和激发谱（PLE）。X射线衍射结果表明；ZnO：Er^3＋具有六角纤锌矿晶体结构。室温下，在365nm激发下，在纳米ZnO宽的可见发射背景上，观测到了Er^3＋的激发态^4S3／2（549nm）、^2H11／2（522nm）和^4F5／2（456nm）的特征发射，ZnO：Er^3＋的紫外近带边发射与未掺杂的纳米晶ZnO的近带边发射比较，强度明显减弱，绿光深能级发射略有增强。分析丁稀土Er^3＋的^4S3／2、^2H11／2和^4F5／2激发态发射，证实了纳米ZnO基质与稀土Er^3＋离子之间存在能量传递。     

Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层生长纳米ZnO薄膜性能研究

采用溶胶 凝胶法制备得到不同浓度Bi3+掺杂ZnO籽晶层,又进一步采用水热法合成了六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒。通过X线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、光致发光（PL）谱等测试手段对样品结构、形貌和光学性能进行测试和表征。结果表明,在不同浓度Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层上生长纳米ZnO薄膜,ZnO的晶体结构没有改变,均为六方纤锌矿结构,且(002)晶面的峰强明显高于其他晶面的峰强值;在FESEM电镜观察下发现,不同掺杂浓度Bi掺杂ZnO籽晶层上水热生长的纳米ZnO薄膜均为纳米棒状。PL光谱显示随着Bi掺杂量增加,样品的近紫外发射峰和晶格缺陷峰等峰值明显增大,且有红移现象产生。其中禁带宽度随着Bi掺杂量的增大而减小,说明Bi3+可以有效地调节ZnO的禁带宽度。     

电沉积工艺制备纳米ZnO及其生长机理

本文以Zn（NO3）2·6H2O和KCl的水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系在ITO上电沉积制备了形貌可控的纳米ZnO。通过旋转涂布（CH3COO）2Zn·2H2O溶液,煅烧后可在ITO表面生长一层ZnO种子层。该种子层可以增加ZnO的密度,使c轴取向更加明显。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜（ FESEM）、X射线衍射（ XRD）、光致发光光谱（PL）等测试手段,系统地分析了电沉积参数（Zn（NO3）2·6H2O浓度、电沉积电压、电沉积温度）对电沉积制备纳米ZnO形貌、结构、光催化性能、发光性能的影响,并研究了其生长机理。     

ZnO纳米棒的低温生长及光致发光性能

采用化学溶液沉积法在ITO导电玻璃上制备近一维ZnO纳米棒. 利用X射线衍射（XRD) 、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和光致发光谱（PL）对样品进行表征,研究了不同Zn2+摩尔浓度和不同生长时间对样品的结构、形貌和光致发光性能的影响. 结果表明,所制备的ZnO纳米棒为纤锌矿结构并沿c轴择优取向生长. 另外,随着Zn2+摩尔浓度的增加,纳米棒的直径增大. 当Zn2+摩尔浓度为0.1M时,ZnO纳米棒的直径和长度都随生长时间的增加而增加. PL测试表明,样品均具有良好的发光性能,并且ZnO纳米棒的结晶质量随着Zn2+摩尔浓度和生长时间的增加均有所提高.     

生长温度对Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒铁磁性的影响

用化学气相沉积法(CVD),在生长温度为600、650和700 ℃条件下,未采用任何催化剂制备了Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒.研究发现,随着生长温度的升高,样品中O空位的浓度逐渐增加.低浓度的O空位可以增强Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性,但O空位浓度过高时,Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒表现出超顺磁性或反铁磁性.在3个样品中,650 ℃的样品具有最好的室温铁磁性,其饱和磁化强度为0.85 μB/Mn,矫顽力为50 Oe.     

水热法制备氧化锌纳米棒

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Zn,CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和N2 H4·H2O等为原料,采用水热法和改进的水热法,在180℃制备了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒束及纳米棒阵列薄膜.用XRD,SEM,FE-SEM及HR-TEM对样品进行了表征.具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒直径在40～80nm左右.以负离子配位多面体生长基元理论讨论了ZnO晶体的生长过程及反应条件对ZnO形貌的影响.样品光致发光谱测试结果表明,纳米棒束、阵列具有强的紫紫外光发射峰和不同强度的蓝绿光发射峰.     

水热法制备氧化锌纳米棒

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O,Zn,CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)和N2 H4·H2O等为原料,采用水热法和改进的水热法,在180℃制备了氧化锌(ZnO)纳米棒束及纳米棒阵列薄膜.用XRD,SEM,FE-SEM及HR-TEM对样品进行了表征.具有六方纤锌矿结构的ZnO纳米棒直径在40～80nm左右.以负离子配位多面体生长基元理论讨论了ZnO晶体的生长过程及反应条件对ZnO形貌的影响.样品光致发光谱测试结果表明,纳米棒束、阵列具有强的紫紫外光发射峰和不同强度的蓝绿光发射峰.     

Al掺杂ZnO纳米棒的性能研究及其在太阳能电池中的应用

通过水热法制备了不同质量分数(0%,0.5%,1.0%和1.5%)的Al 3+掺杂ZnO纳米棒,扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见(UV-vis)吸收光谱等测试结果表明,通过这种方法得到了较为规整的ZnO纳米阵列,结晶良好、具有明显的c轴生长取向;掺杂浓度的增加对产物的形貌和晶体结构产生了明显的影响。通过瞬态光谱和面电阻测试发现,Al 3+掺杂提高了ZnO传导电子的能力。将Al 3+掺杂的ZnO纳米棒同时作为电极与电子传输层,应用于有机太阳能电池器件中,在低浓度(0.5at.%)掺杂时得到最佳的器件性能,相比于未掺杂的ZnO纳米棒,短路电流提高了30%,光电转化效率提高了50%。     

钠米晶LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3的制备及湿敏特性研究

以La（NO3）3×6H2O，Fe（NO3）3×9H2O和Co（NO3）2×6H2O为原料，采用柠檬酸盐法合成LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3纳米晶，用DTA，TGA对原粉形成纳米晶过程进行分析，用XRD，SEM对纳米晶进行表征，并对其湿敏特性进行研究。结果表明，在600℃下焙烧使原粉形成了稳定的钙钛矿纳米晶。此材料在相对湿度大于54%RH时对湿度的变化有较高的灵敏度，掺杂适量无机盐可以改善材料的湿敏特性，使它在全程湿度范围内对湿度都有很好的响应。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks