基于衬底温度的红外焦平面联合非均匀性校正

分别分析了红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)基于定标的非均匀性校正法(NUC)和基于场景的NUC算法各自的优势和问题,在此基础上提出了联合非均匀性校正方法。根据上电时刻焦平面衬底的温度值,从FLASH中提取事先存储的对应温度区间的增益和偏置校正参数,初步消除探测器的非均匀性。通过分析初步校正后图像残余非均匀性噪声的特性,提出了用具有保边缘特性的P-M滤波取代传统神经网络算法中的四邻域均值滤波来获得期望图像,从而减小了图像边缘误差。实验结果表明,该算法收敛速度快,校正精度高,有效避免了因红外焦平面响应特性漂移而引起的图像降质。     

一种基于场景的非均匀校正算法

提出了一种基于场景的非均匀校正算法,它不仅可以消除红外焦平面阵列响应特性的 非均匀性,还可以补偿其漂移。建立了一个包含漂移因素的红外焦平面探测器响应模型,该模型构成了算法的基础。非均匀校正算法分两步执行:首先执行初步非均匀校正消除大部分的非均匀性,然后利用运动场景形成的红外图像序列来补偿响应特性的漂移噪声。场景运动估计是本算法的关键,块匹配方法被介绍来实现准确地运动估计。真实的红外图像数据说明了该算法的有效性。     

红外探测器非均匀性校正系统研制

分析了红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）基于定标的非均匀性校正算法和基于场景的非均匀性校正算法的优势和不足。针对红外焦平面阵列二元非线性的非均匀性理论模型这一特点,提出了一种基于S曲线拟合的校正算法。利用FLIR公司的长波非制冷红外探测器进行信号采集,建立了焦平面探测元的响应模型。描述了基于FLIR长波非制冷红外探测器在FPGA平台的处理流程,并实现了S曲线校正算法,提高了红外图像的质量。实验表明,经过S曲线拟合校正处理,减弱了红外图像的条纹噪声,使IRFPA组件的非均匀性从6.45%降低至2.06%。     

基于环境温度的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正

分析了环境变化对红外焦平面阵列信号输出的影响,提出了一种基于环境温度和目标温度的非均匀性校正算法.利用UL01011凝视型红外探测器进行信号采集,根据最小二乘原理建立了焦平面探测单元的指数响应模型.最后,利用该模型进行非均匀性校正.实验表明,算法能在较宽的环境温度范围,准确预测焦平面探测单元的响应,有效提高了非均匀性校正的精度.     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高.目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响.本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)上的实时实现技术.其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性,基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响,从而使这两类算法取长补短,可有效克服各自的缺陷.文中详细描述了基于FP-GA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程.实验表明,这种联合校正算法效果良好,可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求.     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

摘要：红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高。目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响。本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)上的实时实现技术。其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性，基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响，从而使这两类算法取长补短，可有效克服各自的缺陷。文中详细描述了基于FPGA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程。实验表明，这种联合校正算法效果良好，可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求。     

基于FPGA的IRFPA联合非均匀性校正的实时实现

红外焦平面阵列（IRFPA）的快速发展对探测器的非均匀性校正技术要求越来越高。目前常用的基于标定技术的两点或多点校正算法在应用中难以完全克服探测器响应的非线性和随时间及环境变化的漂移的影响。本文提出了基于标定和基于场景的联合校正算法及其在FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array）上的实时实现技术。其中利用基于标定的二项式拟合算法来消除探测器的大部分非均匀性，基于场景的时域高通算法来抑制探测器非均匀性参数漂移的影响，从而使这两类算法取长补短，可有效克服各自的缺陷。文中详细描述了基于FPGA实现联合校正算法的基本原理和处理流程。实验表明，这种联合校正算法效果良好，可以充分满足大规模IRFPA非均匀性校正的要求。     

星载红外成像系统IRFPA非均匀性在轨定标与实时校正

针对星载红外成像系统在轨定标等特殊环境条件的应用要求,研制了一种基于现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)的红外焦平面阵列(Infrared Focal Plane Array,IRFPA)非均匀性在线定标与实时校正芯片系统.由于对输入信号进行了标准化设计,该系统可用于各类红外成像系统的IRFPA非均匀性在线定标与实时校正处理.这种系统在时钟信号的驱动下以流水线方式运行,在对非均匀红外图像进行实时校正的同时,能够在线获取定标图像并能对存储器中的校正系数进行在线更新.该系统具有体积小、运算速度快、稳定可靠以及易于升级等优点,为星载红外成像系统IRFPA非均匀性的在轨定标开辟了一条有效的技术途径.     

环境温度补偿的红外焦平面阵列非均匀性校正

由于非制冷红外焦平面阵列的非均匀性随使用环境温度的变化漂移,校正参数需要经常更新.针对非制冷红外焦平面阵列非均匀这一特点和定标校正的不足,应用红外焦平面阵列二元非线性的非均匀性理论模型,提出了环境温度补偿的非均匀性校正,该方法既考虑了在大动态范围目标温度探测器响应的非线性,又考虑了使用环境温度变化对非均匀性的影响,从而...     

红外焦平面非均匀性自适应校正算法实时实现

由于材料、工艺等原因,红外焦平面阵列(IRFPA)各单元普遍存在响应不一致的现象,从而导致IRFPA都存在非均匀性.非均匀性校正(NUC)是红外图像处理系统中的重要环节.文章在研究了基于神经网络的NUC算法的基础上,提出了一种采用DSP与FPGA相结合实现基于神经网络的非均匀性自适应校正算法实时实现硬件方法,在该方法中利用FPGA并行处理能力强的特点,对焦平面阵列进行非均匀性校正,而DSP的计算能力强,完成校正系数的自适应更新.将该方法应用于128×128红外成像系统中,可使系统长期稳定地工作,克服了校正参数的漂移问题.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks