单桩结构的潮流能水轮机尾流流场分析

为降低潮流能水轮机尾流效应对机组间距的影响,合理布置水轮机位置,通过数值模拟和水槽实验的方法对具有单桩支撑结构的潮流能水轮机尾流流场进行研究,在此基础上分析具有单桩支撑结构和不同安装高程对潮流能水轮机尾流流场的影响。结果显示:数值模拟与水槽试验总体上数值模拟与实验结果的趋势具有一致性;单桩结构对纵向近尾流场造成影响,会产生一个谷值突变;安装高程越高则导致沿转轮中心直线处的流速恢复越快。     

安装高程对潮流能水轮机尾迹特性影响试验研究

为探究安装高程对潮流能水轮机尾迹特性的影响,以模型潮流能水轮机为研究对象,采用ADV采集尾流场速度数据,对比分析不同高程下的尾流场特性,揭示安装高程对潮流能水轮机尾迹特性的影响规律.结果表明:随着安装高程的增加,转轮后方尾流速恢复速度逐渐加快,而湍流强度和雷诺切应力恢复速度有逐渐减小的趋势;横向尾流场水动力特性沿转轮中...     

横向布置单桩潮流能水轮机的数值模拟研究

文章以单桩潮流能水轮机为研究对象,通过数值计算的方法对横向布置下两台单桩潮流能水轮机的尾流场及机组性能进行研究。通过对比不同横向间距下单桩潮流能水轮机的尾流场,获得了横向间距对潮流能水轮机尾流场的影响规律。数值计算结果表明:单桩结构会改变水轮机的纵向尾流场,但对横向尾流场的影响较小;随着横向间距的改变,机组的功率系数和推力系数的变化幅值不超过0.01;横向间距对机组的横向尾流场也造成了影响,导致各个机组的尾流中心偏向两个机组的中间位置,且随着横向间距的增大,机组u/U0低于0.9的范围随之增大,幅值可达0.26D。     

海流能水平轴水轮机尾流场流速研究

运用简化风车理论,对海流能水平轴水轮机叶片进行设计,在浪流水槽中进行水轮机模型试验,应用计算流体力学软件Fluent对水轮机进行数值模拟,研究水流流速、尖速比、桨距角和叶片尺寸对尾流场流速的影响。研究结果表明,尾流截面轴心处流速比边缘流速小,横向机组间最佳轴间距为2D。水轮机下游8D范围内为急速增大区,纵向机组间最佳纵间距为8D。水流流速越大、尖速比越小、叶片尺寸越小对下游机组布置越有利,桨距角对尾流场流速恢复影响不明显。     

潮流能水平轴水轮机流场分析

用OpenFOAM开源软件对水平轴水轮机进行数值模拟，以推力T作为体积力附加源项均匀加载到制动盘模型（AD），进行求解计算。在尖端速度比（TSR）为5.5的条件下，对自由区、单台水轮机、水轮机阵列3种情况下的流场进行分析。结果显示：在来流上游时，三者流速曲线吻合，流速增长趋势一致。水流在AD前端时，AD会对其有阻力作用，导致流速大幅下降。在尾流处，在水轮机阵列上游中，并列两侧水轮机尾流与下游水轮机流场发生动能交换，使其尾流恢复速度大于单台水轮机尾流速度。然而，无论是单台水轮机还是水轮机阵列，它们轴线方向上的中部尾流恢复严重不足，这是由于尾流的干涉使得下游水轮机的来流速度不断减小，其可吸收转化的能量也减少，速度随之减小，尾流也无法恢复。     

阻塞比对潮流能水轮机尾流特性影响数值模拟研究

首先通过对比分析数值模拟结果与水槽实验尾流场速度数据,验证数值模拟的准确性。通过在软件STAR-CCM+中改变水槽宽度的模型,使水轮机阻塞比分别在9.8%、14.7%和29.5%的情况下进行模拟计算,分析潮流能水轮机尾流特性的变化。结果显示,阻塞比的变化不仅会改变水轮机扫略区域外流体速度,影响远尾流恢复速度,还会对尾流的旋转和湍动能分布造成影响;但随着槽宽增加阻塞比减小,其对尾流特性影响逐渐减弱。     

水平轴潮流能水轮机尾流特性研究

文章以水平轴潮流能水轮机为研究对象,采用CFD方法对水轮机的尾流特性进行分析。通过网格无关性验证与已发表文献的比对,验证了CFD方法的精度。通过不同叶尖速比下的水轮机性能曲线,进一步分析了水轮机的尾流场速度分布特征。通过分析尾流场中轴向、径向和切向速度的分布特点,研究了水平轴潮流能水轮机尾流的微观结构特征及其演化规律。研究结果表明:尾流横向影响范围在以中心轴线为中心的1D范围内;在近尾流处,尾流速度具有周期性,轴向速度随着尾流下移而逐渐减小;在尾流旋转过程中,径向速度向外扩散并逐渐衰减,切向速度分量沿轴向逐渐衰减。     

导流罩对潮流能水轮机效率提升分析

设置导流罩能提高潮流能水轮机效率,缩小转轮尺寸,降低机组造价。为了揭示导流罩聚能增效机理,采用VOF两相流模型对竖轴直叶潮流能水轮机进行三维模拟分析。即先根据模拟对象计算无导流罩情况下水轮机效率与尖速比的关系曲线,并对比加装导流罩前后的流态变化;然后分析导流罩各体型参数对水轮机获能效率的影响,通过正交分析得到使水轮机效率最高的体型。研究表明,导流罩通过提高转轮下游盘面流速来提高水轮机获能效率,其中导流罩喉部宽度对水轮机效率影响最大。     

竖轴潮流能水轮机群数值模拟研究

为了实现竖轴潮流能水轮机群的优化布置,基于CFD方法分别对单排和双排水轮机群进行数值模拟。对于单排水轮机群排布,水轮机只有相互十分靠近时其输出效率才会得到显著提升,而相邻水轮机相对旋转方向对机群的效率无影响。对于双排水轮机群排布,下游水轮机会使上游水轮机的尾流变窄、流速加快,但对上游水轮机的效率无影响。合理选择上游水轮机的间距可提高下游水轮机的效率,优化的双排水轮机群排布方案大幅提升了整个机群的效率。     

多工况条件下变叶片数潮流能水轮机能量及流动特性研究

文章建立了潮流能水轮机水动力性能数值计算模型,通过实验验证了利用该模型预测水轮机尾流的准确性,并利用该模型研究了潮流能水轮机在不同叶片数和不同叶尖速比条件下的能量和流动特性。研究结果表明:该数值计算模型在预测尾流速度亏损和湍流强度方面具有较好的精度,尤其在远尾流区,数值计算结果与实验结果保持一致;当叶尖速比(TSR)为4.5左右时,3叶片和4叶片的潮流能水轮机具有相对较高的获能系数,此结果对于水平轴潮流能水轮机的设计具有一定的指导意义。     

Performance analysis of a HAT tidal current turbine and wake flow characteristics

Having very strong current on the west coast with up to 10 m tidal range, there are many suitable sites for the application of tidal current power (TCP) in Korea. The turbine, which initially converts the tidal energy, is an important component because it affects the efficiency of the entire system. To design a turbine that can extract the maximum power on the site, the depth and duration of current velocity with respect to direction should be considered. To extract a significant quantity of power, a tidal current farm with a multi-arrangement is necessary in the ocean. The interactions between devices contribute significantly to the total power capacity. Thus, the study of wake propagation is necessary to understand the evolution of the wake behind a turbine. This paper introduces configuration design of horizontal axis tidal current turbine based on the blade element theory, and evaluating its performance with CFD. The maximum efficiency of the designed turbine was calculated as 40% at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 5. The target capacity of 300 kW was generated at the design velocity, and the performance was stable over a wide range of rotating speeds. To investigate the wakes behind the turbine, unsteady simulation was carried out. The wake velocity distribution was obtained, and velocity deficit was calculated. A large and rapid recovery was observed from 2D to 8D downstream, followed by a much slower recovery beyond. The velocity was recovered up to 86% at 18D downstream.     

不同纵荡幅值下浮式水平轴叶轮的水动力性能分析

为研究浪流联合环境对于浮式潮流能水轮机性能的影响,对均匀来流环境下施加波浪激励下的水平轴获能叶轮进行水动力分析。结合ANSYS-Fluent流体仿真软件并对其进行二次开发,采用重叠网格法建立均匀来流时浮式获能叶轮受迫运动的水动力分析模型,模拟S型双向潮流能叶轮在不同幅值的纵荡运动时的水动力性能,并结合实际水槽试验对计算结果的准确性进行验证。分析结果显示：纵荡激励使获能叶轮周边的流场速度产生明显的瞬时波动,且获能叶轮受力载荷的波动幅值会因纵荡激励作用的增强而升高;叶轮尾流场的流速变化和流线的变化伴随纵荡幅值的增大而增大,但流场的均匀度伴随纵荡幅值的增大而降低。     

A computational hydrodynamics method for horizontal axis turbine – Panel method modeling migration from propulsion to turbine energy

A computational hydrodynamics method was formulated and implemented for horizontal axis tidal turbines. This paper presents a comparative analysis between screw propellers and horizontal axis turbines, in terms of geometry and motion parameters, inflow velocity analysis and the implementation methodologies. Comparison and analysis are given for a marine propeller model and a horizontal axis turbine model that have experimental measurements available in literature. Analysis and comparison are presented in terms of thrust coefficients, shaft torque/power coefficients, blade surface pressure distributions, and downstream velocity profiles. The effect of number of blades from 2 to 5, of a tidal turbine on hydrodynamic efficiency is also obtained and presented. The key implementation techniques and methodologies are provided in detail for the propeller based panel method tool to migrate as a prediction tool for tidal turbine. While the method has been proven to be accurate and robust for many propellers tested in the past, this numerical tool could be validated further for turbines. To further refine and validate the panel method for various turbines, it requires substantial additional experimental measurements. These measurements include downstream velocity profile by using LDV and/or SPIV, which are essential for numerical wake vortices descritization.     

基于流固耦合偏航下风力机尾迹湍流特征的研究

偏航状态下风力机叶片与流场之间相互作用会导致风力机近尾迹流场的湍流特征变化,采用双向流固耦合对不同偏航工况下水平轴风力机近尾迹流场进行数值模拟研究,获得不同偏航角下尾迹湍流特征演化规律。结果表明：随着偏航角的增大,正偏航侧会出现“速度亏损圆环”,且此圆环的范围呈扩大趋势;偏航角的增大对叶根处速度亏损影响最大,对叶尖处速度亏损影响最小,与正偏航侧相比,负偏航侧的速度亏损值减为约1/2;随着偏航角的增大,正负偏航侧的湍流强度变化呈不对称性,正偏航侧对湍流耗散的影响程度较负偏航侧大;涡流黏度越来越小,且在偏航10°涡流黏度相对于偏航5°减小约1/2,沿着轴向叶尖涡的管状环涡结构变得不稳定,出现明显耗散,且在偏航15°之后涡结构的耗散破裂程度越来越剧烈,进而对风力机气动噪声产生较大影响。     

水平轴风力机风轮尾迹与圆柱型塔架的相互干涉

建立了一个考虑上游风轮尾迹与下游塔架相互干涉的物理模型,并进行了详细的数值模拟。基于Navier-Stokes方程,重点研究了上游尾迹与下游圆柱型塔架相互干涉的二维物理特征、旋涡脱落频率、力的脉动与频谱以及纵向位置的影响;计算的流场与水洞进行的激光诱导荧光显示技术的流场显示结果进行了对比;在相同的横向位置和来流条件下,获得了处于不同纵向位置的干涉结果。研究结果对于揭示风力机风轮尾迹与下游塔架相互干涉的物理机理,减少由于位势干涉和尾迹粘性所诱导的非定常气动力,以及对于风力机的气动弹性稳定性和噪声辐射的研究等都有着重要的理论价值。     

Experimental study on kinetic energy conversion of horizontal axis tidal stream turbine

The present study aims to understand the energy conversion mechanism of a 100 kW horizontal axis tidal stream turbine by analyzing thrust, torque, and wake flow measurements. The scale ratio of the turbine model was 1/20 and model tests for power and wake measurements were conducted in a towing tank facility. Wake fields were measured by a towed underwater stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) system. The chord-length based Reynolds number at 40% of the radius of the turbine ranged from 53,000 to 63,000 in the test conditions. The turbine model showed the highest power coefficient at a tip speed ratio (TSR) of 3.5, and the magnitude of power coefficient was 0.278. Three TSR conditions were selected for SPIV measurement after power measurement tests, representing heavy loading, highest efficiency, and light loading, respectively. In the wake field measurement results, conversion of kinetic energy of the turbine wake was investigated, decomposing it into effectively extracted work, loss due to the drag on the turbine system, kinetic energy of the time-mean axial flow, local flow structures, turbulence, and secondary flow loss. In high TSR conditions with a small angle of attack onto the turbine blade, the secondary flow loss was minimized.     

基于滑移网格的垂直轴潮流水轮机的三维数值模拟

为了探究翼型对垂直轴水轮机水力效率的影响,基于叶素理论分析建立了垂直轴潮流水轮机在水槽中的物理模型,采用滑移网格技术在Fluent软件中对模型的流场进行了三维数值模拟。在保持转速一定、更改来流速度即改变叶尖速比的条件下,分析了两种不同NACA翼型直叶片的潮流水轮机内部流场以及水力性能。结果表明,翼型以及叶片安装角对垂直轴潮流水轮机的利用效率影响很大,其流动特性与来流速度、叶片布置形式有重要联系,为新型潮流水轮机的设计和翼型的选择应用提供了依据。