升降法试验数据闭合与否对统计估计材料疲劳强度的影响

列举了2种未闭合的升降图并对升降法疲劳试验过程中可能出现的试验结果进行假设,分析了用升降法统计疲劳强度时试验数据是否闭合对疲劳强度结果的影响。结果表明:当试验数据未闭合的升降图中最后一级应力低于第一个有效应力时,后续增补假设升降图后统计的疲劳强度都低于原未闭合疲劳试验升降图统计的疲劳强度;当试验数据未闭合的升降图最后一级应力高于第一个有效应力时,后续增补假设升降图后统计的疲劳强度也都高于原未闭合疲劳试验升降图统计的疲劳强度。即使试验数据未闭合,按照失效事件及未失效事件统计估计的疲劳强度也可能相等。     

低合金高强度钢的疲劳强度统计特性研究

本文在疲劳寿命分布研究的基础上,对疲劳强度分布特性进行了研究。利用疲劳寿命分布与疲劳强度分布间的转换关系进行转换,发现疲劳强度的分布不是通常假设的正态分布,而是偏态分布。并根据寿命分布与强度分布作出了疲劳失效概率的P－S－N三维空间曲面,这在理论上和工程上均有重要价值。     

评价铸造A713铝合金疲劳性能的新方法

在材料试验机上对铸造A713铝合金进行四点弯曲疲劳试验,并通过一种评价疲劳性能的新方法获得了该合金的疲劳弱点密度和强度曲线。结果表明:试验获得的铸造A713铝合金的疲劳强度为94.5MPa;该合金的疲劳弱点密度符合Weibull分布方程,疲劳弱点强度在应力水平为65%时最大;与气孔尺寸分布相比,疲劳弱点密度和强度的分布更适合作为材料疲劳性能的评价指标。     

等幅载荷下的有限寿命疲劳设计方法

本文论述了等幅载荷下的有限寿命疲劳设计方法,研究了非对称循环下的疲劳寿命估算方法和疲劳强度评价方法,推导出了各种非对称循环下的疲劳强度判据和计算应力表达式。并用４种零件进行疲劳试验,对提出的疲劳强度评价方法的精度和安全性进行了验证。     

第三代轮毂轴承单元在整车疲劳试验中的强度问题分析

针对轮毂轴承整车疲劳强度试验中轮毂轴承单元疲劳强度的理论分析与实车试验结果的偏差问题,通过引入应变测试系统进行载荷的标定,并通过实车疲劳试验测试,获得轮毂轴承单元在台架及整车疲劳强度试验中的实时应变,发现轮毂轴承单元的实时受载情况为:右轮毂轴承应变幅值高于左侧,且应变的波峰与波谷不对称.通过修正相应理论分析条件,使得第...     

含不同尺寸菱形压痕EA4T钢车轴的疲劳性能

采用菱形压头挤压的方式在取自EA4T钢车轴的弯曲疲劳试样上预制压痕缺陷,研究了压痕深度对疲劳强度的影响;采用修正Murakami模型预测了疲劳强度,并引入疲劳指示参数构建了疲劳寿命预测模型;采用有限元法对压痕附近的应变进行了分析.结果表明:试样的疲劳强度随压痕深度的增加而降低,与无压痕试样相比,压痕深度为0.052 m...     

Fretting fatigue in hydrogen gas

To clarify the effect of hydrogen gas on fretting fatigue strength of the materials, which supposed to be used for hydrogen utilization machines, fretting fatigue tests were conducted in hydrogen gas. It is important to take fretting fatigue into account in strength design, because many fatigue failure accidents have occurred at joints or contact parts between components. As a part of the experiments, an austenitic stainless steel was focused in this paper. The material was SUS 304. Fretting fatigue strength in hydrogen gas decreased compared with that in air. Tangential force coefficient increased in the reverse order of fretting fatigue strength. Therefore, one of the reasons of the decrease of fretting fatigue strength was that tangential force was different depending on the environment. Absorption of hydrogen occurred during fretting in hydrogen gas was detected. The absorption could be considered as one of the causes of the decrease of fretting fatigue strength, since fretting fatigue life of pre-charged specimen was decreased and also the crack propagation threshold of short fatigue crack was reduced by hydrogen charge.     

蒸汽发生器人孔焊接密封的螺栓疲劳分析

采用方法简单、操作性好的二维轴对称单元对蒸汽发生器焊接密封结构的人孔螺栓进行疲劳分析,并按ASME Ⅲ-NB标准进行评定。将计算结果进行对比分析,发现螺纹疲劳减弱系数对螺栓疲劳强度的影响非常大。螺纹加工方法和螺纹牙底圆角是影响螺栓疲劳强度的关键性因素。同时,根据分析结果给出了提高螺栓疲劳强度的措施,并针对蒸汽发生器焊接密封结构人孔螺栓给出了处理方法。     

服从正态分布随机载荷作用下齿轮弯曲疲劳试验研究

根据齿轮传动过程中普遍承受的高斯分布载荷谱,编制了试验用随机变幅疲劳载荷谱,在MTS电液伺服疲劳试验机上利用成组试验方法完成了该随机载荷作用下全寿命齿轮弯曲疲劳试验,得到了特定变差系数高斯分布载荷谱下齿轮弯曲强度的R-S-N曲线。试验结果证明,随机变幅疲劳试验得出的轮齿疲劳寿命低于由疲劳载荷上限值取为载荷谱均值的恒载荷疲劳试验得出的疲劳寿命,因此,如果采用后者的试验结果去估算实际服役中的齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命是非常危险的。对随机载荷下的齿轮设计的疲劳极限的理论值进行了预测,并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,理论分析结果与试验结果基本相符。     

2524-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊对接接头的疲劳性能

对2524-T3铝合金母材及三种尺寸搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对接接头的疲劳性能进行了研究,获得了各试样的S-N曲线并进行了分析。结果表明:在疲劳寿命为1×105周时,小厚度、短焊缝FSW对接接头的疲劳强度约为母材的80.8%,大厚度FSW对接接头的疲劳强度约为小厚度、短焊缝FSW对接接头的80.3%,大焊缝FSW对接接头的疲劳强度约为小厚度、短焊缝FSW对接接头的79.9%。     

Characterization of fretting fatigue crack initiation processes in CR Ti–6Al–4V

A study was conducted to quantify fretting fatigue damage and to evaluate the residual fatigue strength of specimens subjected to a range of fretting fatigue test conditions. Flat Ti–6Al–4V specimens were tested against flat Ti–6Al–4V fretting pads with blending radii at the edges of contact. Fretting fatigue damage for two combinations of static average clamping stress and applied axial stress was investigated for two percentages of total life. Accumulated damage was characterized using full field surface roughness evaluation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of fretting fatigue on uniaxial fatigue strength was quantified by interrupting fretting fatigue tests, and conducting uniaxial residual fatigue strength tests at R=0.5 at 300 Hz. Results from the residual fatigue strength tests were correlated with characterization results.While surface roughness measurements, evaluated in terms of asperity height and asperity spacing, reflected changes in the specimen surfaces as a result of fretting fatigue cycling, those changes did not correspond to decreases in residual fatigue strength. Neither means of evaluating surface roughness was able to identify cracks observed during SEM characterization. Residual fatigue strength decreased only in the presence of fretting fatigue cracks with surface lengths of 150 μm or greater, regardless of contact condition or number of applied fretting fatigue cycles. No cracks were observed on specimens tested at the lower stress condition. Threshold stress intensity factors were calculated for cracks identified during SEM characterization. The resulting values were consistent with the threshold identified for naturally initiated cracks that were stress relieved to remove load history effects.     

低载强化后汽车结构件疲劳裂纹扩展速度研究

为了从微观上揭示汽车结构件经过低载强化后疲劳强度和疲劳寿命提高的原因和机理,本文利用扫描电镜,对某汽车前轴低载强化前后试样断口的疲劳裂纹扩展速度进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,经过低载强化后的汽车结构件断口试样,其贝纹线的增长趋势减弱,疲劳辉度间距变小。这些微观变化有效地延缓了疲劳裂纹萌生,降低了疲劳裂纹扩展速率,使汽车结构件的疲劳强度和疲劳寿命都得到提高。     

2Cr13钢离子渗氮处理的疲劳强度

２Ｃｒ１３钢离子渗氮处理提高光滑和缺口疲劳极限的幅度与疲劳薄弱环节有关。氮化光滑试样的薄弱环节在表下，疲劳强度主要取决于心部性能，较调质态提高仅为２５％，未能发挥氮化层性能潜力；缺口试验的薄弱环节的氮化层，疲劳强度主要取决于氮化性能，较调质态提高达９２％，使氮化层性能得到充分发展。用主要取决于心部性能的光滑疲劳极限与主要取决于氮化层性能的缺口疲劳极限计算的ｑ值具有非真实性。     

The effect of hydrogen gas environment on fretting fatigue strength of materials used for hydrogen utilization machines

The objective of this study is the characterization of the fretting fatigue strength in a hydrogen gas environment. The test materials were a low alloy steel SCM435H, super alloy A286 and two kinds of austenitic stainless steels, SUS304 and SUS316L. The test was performed in hydrogen gas at 0.12 MPa absolute pressure. The purity of the hydrogen gas was 99.9999%. The fretting fatigue limit was defined by the fretting fatigue strength at 30 million cycles. For all materials, the fretting fatigue strength in the hydrogen gas environment increased in the short-life region. However, the fretting fatigue strength in the hydrogen gas environment decreased in the long-life region when exceeding 10 million cycles except for SCM435H, while there was no reduction in the fretting fatigue strength in air between 10 and 30 million cycles. The reduction rate was 18% for A286, 24% for SUS304 and 7% for SUS316L. The tangential force coefficient in the hydrogen gas environment increased when compared to that in air. It can be estimated that this increase is one of the causes of the reduced fretting fatigue strength found in a hydrogen gas environment. In order to discuss the extension of the fretting fatigue life in hydrogen gas observed at the stress level above the fretting fatigue limit in air, continuous measurement of the fretting fatigue crack propagation was performed in a hydrogen gas environment using the direct current potential drop method. As a result, it was found that the extension of the fretting fatigue life was caused by the delay in the start of the stable crack propagation.     

高强度低碳马氏体型钢的组织结构与疲劳性能的关系

本文对高强度低碳马氏体型钢的组织结构和疲劳性能间的关系进行了系统的研究。试验表明,在低温回火状态下,典型钢种25Si2Mn2CrNiMoV具有优良的疲劳强度和疲劳裂纹扩展抗力。试验钢中板条马氏中的位错亚结构,弥散分布的e碳化物以及良好的微观塑性延长了疲劳裂纹的萌生期。马氏体板条束,马氏体板条晶间的位向差以及马氏板条间的残余奥氏体薄膜则是控制疲劳裂纹扩展速率的组织结构因素。文中对在回火马氏体脆性区造成疲劳性能恶化的原因也进行了分析讨论。     

论渗碳钢中残余压应力的作用

本文研究结果表明,渗碳钢淬火形成的残余压应力对提高疲劳强度、多次冲击抗力、疲劳断裂韧性、宏观疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展寿命,降低疲劳缺口敏感性,和疲劳载荷抑制脆性等均起着主要的作用。表层材料强度或硬度与残余应力的相关性在于高的表层材料强度或硬度能减小残余应力的衰减,有助于发挥残余应力对疲劳性能的有利作用。长期以来对渗碳钢中微观组织和残余压应力作用的含混看法得到了澄清。     

基于Optistruct的地铁构架有限元强度分析及优化

建立地铁构架的有限元模型,根据UIC515-4、UIC615 4和EN13749标准对构架进行静强度和疲劳强度评定.结果表明,构架符合静强度和疲劳强度要求.此外还使用Optistruct软件对构架板材厚度进行尺寸优化,优化结果符合构架静强度和疲劳强度评定要求,优化结果可行.优化结果相比初始设计,减重达到12.3％.     

结构强度对低载强化特性影响的初步研究

为了研究结构强度对低载强化特性的影响，对未经过工艺强化的低强度前轴和经过工艺强化的高强度齿轮分别进行了低载强化试验。通过对试验数据的处理，得到了两种结构弯曲疲劳强度的S-N曲线、弯曲疲劳强度和疲劳寿命与强化载荷、强化次数之间的数学关系，以及经过低载强化后弯曲疲劳强度和疲劳寿命提高的最大幅度。随着结构强度的提高，弯曲疲劳强度的提高幅度呈下降趋势，但疲劳寿命的提高幅度呈上升趋势。从宏观和微观上初步分析了结构强度对低载强化特性影响的原因。     

基于等效结构应力法的镁合金接头疲劳寿命预测

针对镁合金焊接结构疲劳强度评估方法不全面的问题,在等效结构应力法的研究基础上,提出了镁合金焊接接头疲劳寿命预测方法。基于 200 余个包含不同特征的镁合金接头疲劳试验数据,采用有限元数值模拟,计算试件接头焊趾处的等效结构应力。结合 ASME 标准中对曲线拟合的规范,进行镁合金接头寿命曲线拟合,得出了预测疲劳寿命的常系数 C d 和 h 。将拟合结果与铝材的疲劳寿命曲线进行对比,结果表明,镁合金接头在 1×10^7?次循环下的疲劳强度约为 31.6 MPa ,同等条件下约为铝材疲劳强度的 82% 。该镁合金接头疲劳寿命预测方法可用于评估镁合金结构疲劳强度是否满足轨道车辆车体结构使用需求。     

基于Optistruct的地铁构架有限元强度分析及优化

建立地铁构架的有限元模型,根据UIC515—4、UIC615—4和EN13749标准对构架进行静强度和疲劳强度评定。结果表明,构架符合静强度和疲劳强度要求。此外还使用Optistruct软件对构架板材厚度进行尺寸优化,优化结果符合构架静强度和疲劳强度评定要求,优化结果可行。优化结果相比初始设计,减重达到12．3％。