聚晶金刚石刀具的断屑槽尺寸参数设计

为解决聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具在铝合金材料切削过程中的切屑缠绕问题,在PCD刀具的前刀面上设计了断屑槽.通过对切屑受力过程和断屑槽断屑机理的分析、切削几何关系的推导和有限元切削仿真实验,提取了5个PCD刀具断屑槽参数,即棱带宽度、倾角、反屑角、槽宽和反屑面转角.建立了PCD刀具断屑槽棱带宽度和反屑角的计算公式;改进了槽...     

A study of the effect of tool cutting edge radius on ductile cutting of silicon wafers

Ductile mode cutting of silicon wafers can be achieved under certain cutting conditions and tool geometry. An experimental investigation of the critical undeformed chip thickness in relation to the tool cutting edge radius for the brittle-ductile transition of chip formation in cutting of silicon wafers is presented in this paper. Experimental tests for cutting of silicon wafers using diamond tools of different cutting edge radii for a range of undeformed chip thickness are conducted on an ultra-precision lathe. Both ductile and brittle mode of chip formation processes are observed in the cutting tests. The results indicate that ductile cutting of silicon can be achieved at certain values of the undeformed chip thickness, which depends on the tool cutting edge radius. It is found that in cutting of silicon wafers with a certain tool cutting edge radius there is a critical value of undeformed chip thickness beyond which the chip formation changes from ductile mode to brittle mode. The ductile-brittle transition of chip formation varies with the tool cutting edge radius. Within the range of cutting conditions in the present study, it has also been found that the larger the cutting edge radius, the larger the critical undeformed chip thickness for the ductile-brittle transition in the chip formation.     

径向跳动对球面铣刀切削力的影响研究

研究了径向跳动对刀齿的实际切削半径、切屑形状以及切屑厚度的影响机理。研究了各刀齿沿刀刃螺旋线的切削微元实际切削半径的数学表示和变化规律,实际切削半径的变化改变了刀齿的切削路径,使各刀齿上切屑形状分布不均匀。建立了三维切削下切屑厚度的数学表示,提出了递延累加切屑厚度计算算法。实验验证表明,计算的切削力与测量结果能很好地吻合,瞬时切削力、切削力峰值、平均切削力的预测精度达到85%以上。     

熔覆材料对高速钢刀具激光熔覆断屑台裂纹及硬度的影响

应用激光粉末熔覆技术,在高速钢车刀的前刀面上制备出断屑台。通过切削实验,对比普通高速钢车刀和含激光熔覆断屑台车刀的断屑效果,观察激光粉末熔覆断屑台的金相组织和形貌,测试激光粉末熔覆断屑台的热膨胀系数、物相和显微硬度。研究结果表明：具有激光熔覆断屑台的高速钢车刀,在切削过程中能够减小切屑的卷曲半径,从而使切屑更容易折断,实现有效断屑。用M2/WC-12Co粉末制作激光熔覆断屑台,能够实现激光熔覆层与高速钢基体的良好冶金结合,熔覆层无熔覆裂纹缺陷,熔覆层的硬度与高速钢车刀基体相近。M2/WC-12Co激光熔覆粉末适于制作高速钢刀具的激光熔覆断屑台。     

高速切削30CrNi3MoV淬硬钢切屑形成机理的试验研究

通过30CrNi3MoV淬硬钢的高速切削试验,观察和测量不同切削条件下切屑形态的演变过程、锯齿状切屑形成的临界切削条件、切削力.结果表明,切削速度和刀具前角是影响切屑形态和切削力的主要因素,随着切削速度的提高,在某一临界切削速度下,切屑形态由带状屑转变为锯齿状切屑,随着刀具前角由正前角逐渐变为负前角,临界切削速度明显减小,当锯齿状切屑形成时,切削力大幅度降低.使用金属切削过程中绝热剪切临界切削条件判据对锯齿状切屑形成临界切削速度预测的结果表明,锯齿状切屑形成的根本原因是主剪切区内发生周期性的绝热剪切断裂.     

Characterization of chip formation during machining 1045 steel

A deep understanding of the generation and characterization of chip formation can result for practical advices of chip type controlling in engineering applications. The chip formation is divided into the continuous chip and the serrated one in this study. The characterization of the continuous chip formation is expressed as the chip deformation and that of the serrated chip formation is expressed as the frequency of serration, the degree of segmentation, and the deformation of serrated chip. The chips of 1045 steel under different cutting speeds (100–3,600?m/min) are collected during machining. After inlay and polishing of the collected chips, the chip morphology is observed with VHX-600 ESO digital microscope. It is found that at the cutting speeds of 100–400?m/min, the chip type is continuous, at the cutting speeds of 600–2,200?m/min the chip type is serrated, and at the cutting speeds of 2,500–3,600?m/min the chip type is segmented. The quantitative relations between the characterization parameters of chip formation and the cutting speed are obtained. The chip deformation increases with the cutting speed, and the influence of the cutting speed on the shear strain rate is more sensitive than that on the shear strain during the continuous chip formation. All the characterization parameters including the shear strain rate, the frequency of serration, the degree of segmentation, and the shear strain increase with the cutting speed during the serrated chip formation. The sensitivity of influence of the cutting speed on these parameters is in the following: the shear strain rate, the degree of segmentation, the frequency of serration, and the shear strain.     

锯齿形切屑的计算机仿真

采用有限元方法仿真了不同切削速度下加工45钢的切屑形成过程。结果表明，较低切削速度下形成连续带状切屑，而高速切削时形成锯齿形切屑。通过对工件和切屑应力及温度分布的分析，探讨了锯齿形切屑的形成机理及影响因素。     

45钢高速切削过程中切屑形成的数值模拟

为了研究45钢高速加工中切屑形成机理,建立了高速加工的正交切削有限元模型,研究了45钢高速切削有限元建模过程中的Johnson-Cooks材料模型,刀屑接触模型及切屑分离准则等关键技术.利用建立的有限元模型对45钢的高速切削过程中的切屑成形进行了数值模拟,并研究了不同切削速度对切屑锯齿化程度的影响规律,得到了不同切削速度下的切屑锯齿化程度.     

45钢深孔枪钻切削试验与切屑形态分析

切屑形态对枪钻深孔加工中孔成型精度影响极大,钻尖切屑易堵塞在V型排屑槽中或缠绕在钻头上,合理的断屑和排屑是保证加工顺利进行的前提。选用硬质合金枪钻对45钢进行深孔加工试验,采用单因素试验法研究切削速度和进给量对切屑形态的影响规律。试验表明:切削速度较低时,主要为带状切屑;切削速度较高时,主要为单元切屑;当切削速度保持不变时,随着进给量的增大,切屑的主要形状从长带状向单元切屑逐渐转变;当进给量保持不变时,随着切削速度的增大,切屑尺寸从大变小再变大。     

切削铝基复合材料时的切屑变形及影响因素研究

切屑形态特征和变形系数是研究切削变形程度的重要手段和参数,是计算其他切削过程参数的基础.通过硬质合金和聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具车削SiC增强铝基复合材料,并观察切屑SEM照片,检测切屑的变形尺寸,研究切屑形态和变形系数.结果表明,切屑形态为小螺卷状,呈节状锯齿形.切削速度与变形系数的关系曲线呈驼峰形,随着进给量和刀具前角的增大,切屑变形系数减小.     

高速切削淬硬模具钢切屑形成机理的试验研究

对淬硬到60HRC的冷作模具钢Cr12MoV进行高速车削试验研究,分析了切削用量对切屑形成的影响规律。试验发现在中低切削速度时出现锯齿型切屑,但是在高切削速度下却出现带状切屑这种反常现象。同时切削速度对切屑变形系数的影响与传统金属切削理论相反。另外,经分析认为高硬度材料在高速切削时切屑形成主要由切削过程中的绝热剪切和金属热软化以及材料热导率变化共同作用的结果。     

An explicit finite element model to study the influence of rake angle and friction during orthogonal metal cutting

A fundamental understanding of the tribology aspects of machining processes is essential for increasing the dimensional accuracy and surface integrity of finished products. To this end, the present investigation simulates an orthogonal metal cutting using an explicit finite element code, LS-DYNA. In the simulations, a rigid cutting tool of variable rake angle was moved at different velocities against an aluminum workpiece. A damage material model was utilized for the workpiece to capture the chip separation behavior and the simultaneous breakage of the chip into multiple fragments. The friction factor at the cutting tool–workpiece interface was varied through a contact model to predict cutting forces and dynamic chip formation. Overall, the results showed that the explicit finite element is a powerful tool for simulating metal cutting and discontinuous chip formation. The separation of the chip from the workpiece was accurately predicted. Numerical results found that rake angle and friction factor have a significantly influence on the discontinuous chip formation process, chip morphology, chip size, and cutting forces when compared to the cutting velocity during metal cutting. The model was validated against the experimental and numerical results obtained in the literature, and a good agreement with the current numerical results was found.     

切削参数变化对切屑断裂应变的影响

以影响切屑断裂应变的重要因素为基础,对切屑断裂应变随切削速度v、进给量f、背吃刀量ap的变化规律进行了理论分析;分析结果显示：高速切削时,当进给量f和背吃刀量ap不变的情况下,随着切削速度v的增加,切屑的断裂应变εB先是增加,然后又减小;当切削速度v和背吃刀量ap不变的情况下,随着进给量f的增加,切屑的断裂应变εB是减小的。当切削速度v和进给量f不变的情况下,随着背吃刀量ap的增加时,切屑断裂应变εB基本是定值。以上分析结果对了解切削参数对切屑折断性能的影响具有重要的意义。     

Adiabatic shear in chip formation with negative rake angle

The mechanics of chip formation in grinding is investigated based on thermo-elastic-plastic finite element simulations of orthogonal cutting with a large negative rake abrasive-grits. The modeling is coupled with temperature and strain-rate-dependent flow stress characteristics of a work material SK-5 (0.93%C carbon steel). The shape of chip calculated is affected by the cutting speed and the undeformed chip thickness. In high-speed cutting, serrated chip formation caused by adiabatic shear, which is usually observed experimentally under the cutting conditions of grinding region, is obtained analytically without any consideration of crack propagation. Temperature and flow stress calculated in the primary shear zone vary periodically according to the segmentation of serrated chip. Then changes in temperature, flow stress, strain rate and strain at a material point fixed to and moving with chip is monitored in order to investigate the chip formation process. This clarifies the cutting mechanisms of different types of chip formation with negative rake.     

基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验确定刀屑摩擦因数的方法

当使用AdvantEdge软件进行切削仿真实验时,刀屑摩擦因数对仿真结果的影响明显,但现有有限元软件未提供刀屑摩擦因数数据库。为建立一种基于AdvantEdge的斜角车削仿真实验的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法,首先提出基于斜角车削的摩擦力计算方法,然后建立AdvantEdge三维斜角车削仿真模型,设定不同切削速度、切削深度、进给量及摩擦因数,通过AdvantEdge仿真正交试验,获得刀屑摩擦因数的经验计算公式。为验证刀屑摩擦因数经验计算公式的正确性,设定不同切削速度和切削深度及进给量的斜角车削正交试验,获得切削力数据,并基于摩擦因数经验计算公式求得对应刀屑摩擦因数。利用求得的摩擦因数数据修改AdvantEdge中刀屑摩擦因数参数,进行残余应力切削仿真实验。仿真实验获得的残余应力与实际切削实验获得的残余应力相比,误差在10%以内,证明提出的刀屑摩擦因数确定方法是正确的。     

弹簧式快速落刀研究硬态42CrMo锯齿形切屑

试验研究了硬态切削42CrMo（52HRC）中碳高强度合金结构钢锯齿形切屑形成过程。采用高速相机记录弹簧式快速落刀装置刀杆运动轨迹,计算落刀速度、加速度,定量分析该装置性能;在车床上直角自由切削盘状试样,以不同参数进行快速落刀试验,将获得的切屑根部制作成金相标本;考察“冻结”的切削区,着重考察剪切带上裂纹源、裂纹扩展以及绝热剪切带,分析锯齿形切屑形成过程。结果表明：裂纹源产生于自由表面,在切屑形成过程中向材料内部扩展,导致切屑分离的最终因素是裂纹扩展;硬态切削42CrMo切屑形成过程可划分为4个阶段。     

有限元法分析刀具前角对切削加工的影响

建立了热力耦合、平面应变、连续带状切屑的二维正交切削加工有限元分析模型。分析了刀具前角对切屑几何形状、切削力和切削温度的影响。结果显示刀具前角增大,切削力明显减小,切削温度降低,切屑厚度减小,切屑形状更为细长。     

AZ91D镁合金加工工艺的应用研究

在分析AZ91D镁合金化学成分、物理力学性能的基础上,通过试验对比了切削速度在66.819m/min、107.388m/min、169.434m/min时的切屑断屑性能、切屑形态及其表面质量。试验表明:在背吃刀量恒定的前提下,随着切削速度的提高,切屑变形减小。切屑形态由C形挤裂切屑变成带状连续切屑,断屑能力变差,结构表面质量变差;在背吃刀量0.06mm时,切削形成粉末状切屑,堆积在卷屑槽内,易引起镁合金燃烧。总结了镁合金切削加工中对刀具、切削参数、切削液以及切削过程的要求,介绍了工序间防腐措施。分析了AZ91D镁合金的固溶时效作用,从零件结构、设备及防火等方面提出了热处理过程的要求。从冶金和环境方面综述了镁合金的腐蚀因素,并对比分析了AZ91D镁合金切屑在空气和水中的腐蚀现象。最后,重点介绍了镁合金的微弧氧化工艺。研究成果对镁合金加工工艺的推广应用提供了技术参考。     

Research on chip formation parameters of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 based on high-speed orthogonal cutting model

Chip formation, an important aspect of the high-speed cutting (HSC) mechanism, is generally accepted as the result of shear deformation in the shear zone and tool-chip friction. In order to accurately study chip formation process in HSC, a theoretical model for the high-speed orthogonal cutting of aluminum alloy 6061-T6 was built, which can be used to calculate the important parameters of chip formation, such as shear angle, friction angle, length of shear plane, tool-chip contact length, and width of the first shear zone. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments, with the YG6 carbide tool and on a wide range of cutting speed (100–1,900 m/min) and feed (0.06–0.15 mm/r), were performed in order to obtain the parameters required in the model, including the cutting forces, the chip thickness, and the shear slip distance. Seven kinds of chip formation parameters were obtained with different cutting parameters in the experiment, and the built theoretical model can well explain the formation process and the morphology characteristics of these chips, which proves that the combined method of theoretical model and orthogonal cutting experiment is an effective and easy approach to obtain the parameters of chip formation in HSC, avoiding the cutting speed limitation and the safety risk in quick-stop test. Within the range of parameters set in the experiments, the chip mainly appears to be continuous chip, curling chip, or discontinuous chip. And the chip thickness, friction angle, length of shear plane, and width of the first shear zone decrease with the increase of the cutting speed; meanwhile, the shear slide distance and shear angle increase.