氧化铝-水纳米流体的制备及其分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子,研制了一种新型传热冷却工质Al2O3-H2O纳米流体,给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性.同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度,探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响.结果表明:zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,粉体体系的分散性能越好;pH值约在8.0时,溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高,吸光度较大,说明此时有较好的分散效果;SDBS能显著提高水溶液中Al2O3表面zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒问静电排斥力,改善了悬浮液稳定性.在0.1%纳米Al2O3-H2O悬浮液中,SDBS分散剂最佳加入量(质量分数)为0.10%时,能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系.     

氧化铝-水纳米流体的分散性研究

通过在水介质中添加纳米氧化铝粒子，研制了一种新型传热冷却工质-氧化铝-水纳米流体，给出的纳米流体沉降照片和粒径分布显示了加入分散剂的悬浮液具有较高的分散性、稳定性．同时还测定了纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液的zeta电位和吸光度，探讨了不同pH值和SDBS分散剂加入量对纳米氧化铝粉体在水相体系分散稳定性的影响。结果表明：zeta电位的绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系，zeta电位绝对值越高，吸光度越大，粉体体系的分散性能越好；pH值约在8.0时，溶液的zeta电位绝对值较高，吸光度较大，说明此时有较好的分散效果．SDBS能显著提高水溶液中舢203表面zeta电位绝对值，增大了颗粒间静电排斥力，改善了悬浮液稳定性。在0．1％纳米Al2O3-水悬浮液中，SDBS分散剂最佳加入量（质量分数）为0．10％时，能得到分散稳定的悬浮液体系。     

水相体系纳米γ-AI_2O_3浆料的分散稳定性能研究

为确定配制稳定的纳米γ-Al2O3化学机械抛光(CMP)浆料的工艺条件,通过润湿性、Zeta电位及黏度的测定,研究了溶液pH值及添加分散剂等因素对水相体系纳米γ-Al2O3,悬浮液分散稳定性能的影响.结果表明,在纳米γ-Al2O3固含量为6%的浆料中,加入异丙醇胺作为分散剂,其用量为γAl2O3粉体质量的l%,同时控制浆料的pH值约为4时,纳米γ一Al2O3粉末的润湿性能最佳,此时浆料Zeta电位值较高,黏度较小;在该条件下成功获得长时间不沉降的稳定浆料.     

Cu-水纳米流体的分散行为及导热性能研究

通过测定Cu-水纳米悬浮液的Zeta电位和吸光度,采用Hotdisk热物性分析仪测量了其导热系数,探讨了不同pH值和分散剂浓度对Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定性和导热性能的影响.结果表明,pH值和分散剂加入量是影响Cu-水纳米悬浮液分散稳定和导热系数的重要因素.最优化的pH值和分散剂加入量能显著提高水溶液中Cu表面Zeta电位绝对值,增大了颗粒间静电排斥力,悬浮液分散稳定性较好,导热系数较高.从分散稳定和导热系数提高两个方面来考虑,pH=9.5左右被选为最优化值,在0.1%Cu-H2O纳米流体中,0.07%SDBS被选为最优化浓度.另外,Cu-水纳米流体的导热系数随纳米粒子质量分数的增大而增大,呈非线性关系,且比现有理论(Hamilton-Crosser模型)预测值大.     

水相体系纳米γ-Al2O3浆料的分散稳定性能研究

为确定配制稳定的纳米γ-Al2O3化学机械抛光(CMP)浆料的工艺条件,通过润湿性、Zeta电位及黏度的测定,研究了溶液pH值及添加分散剂等因素对水相体系纳米γ-Al2O3悬浮液分散稳定性能的影响.结果表明,在纳米γ-Al2O3固含量为6%的浆料中,加入异丙醇胺作为分散剂,其用量为γ-Al2O3粉体质量的1%,同时控制浆料的pH值约为4时,纳米γ-Al2O3粉末的润湿性能最佳,此时浆料Zeta电位值较高,黏度较小;在该条件下成功获得长时间不沉降的稳定浆料.     

氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及其影响因素研究

详细研究了氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为及固含量、pH值和聚丙烯酸(PAA)添加量对分散行为的影响。实验结果表明,固含量、pH值和PAA添加量对氧化铝悬浮液的分散行为有显著影响。粘度法及Zeta电位测试法所反映的悬浮液分散性随pH值和分散剂添加量的变化规律基本一致。当pH=9～10、分散剂添加量的质量分数为2.0%～2.5%时粘度最低、Zeta电位绝对值最大、分散效果最好。分散剂添加量存在最佳范围,且最佳范围不随固含量的变化而改变。随固含量的增加,粘度开始缓慢上升,到达一定程度后迅速增大。     

表面活性剂对二氧化钛纳米流体分散性的影响

通过二步法将纳米二氧化钛分散到去离子水中,制备TiO2-水纳米流体。通过加入3种不同的表面活性剂作为分散剂,即阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、非离子表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)制备出3种不同的纳米流体。用纳米粒度分析仪测定纳米流体中的纳米粒子的粒径和粒径分布,用Zeta电位分析仪测量纳米流体的电位,分析了不同浓度、不同种类的表面活性剂对水基TiO2纳米流体分散性的影响。     

分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响

通过测定分散体系的吸光度,探讨不同浓度的各种分散剂对石墨水悬浮液分散性能的影响,其中添加含有阴离子型、非离子型和高分子表面活性剂的三种复配分散剂(SGDF1、SGDF2、SGDF3)的石墨水悬浮液分散效果较好。进一步研究在复配分散剂存在下,pH值、静置时间对石墨水悬浮液性能的影响。结果表明,当pH值大于7后,石墨水悬浮液的分散能力维持在较高水平,pH值为9时,Zeta电位绝对值最高,吸光度最大,分散体系稳定性最好。添加分散剂的石墨较未添加分散剂的石墨聚集程度明显减弱,分散性能变好。其中添加SGDF3的石墨水悬浮液的石墨的聚集程度最小,分散稳定最佳。     

CMC对石墨-H_2O分散液稳定性的影响

选用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为分散剂,制备了稳定性较好的石墨-H2O分散液。通过测定石墨-H2O分散液的吸光度和Zeta电位,探讨了不同CMC添加量、pH值、球磨时间对石墨-H2O分散液稳定性的影响,并分析了作用机理。结果表明:以石墨质量为基准,CMC用量大于4.5%时,分散液稳定性较好;该体系中,主要通过静电斥力使石墨粒子保持稳定,Zeta电位绝对值与吸光度有良好的对应关系,Zeta电位绝对值越高,吸光度越大,分散液稳定性越好;pH值对分散液的稳定性影响很大,pH=9～10时,分散液稳定性最好;随着球磨时间的增大,石墨粒径越来越小,球磨180min时,得到平均粒径为2.284μm的石墨-H2O分散液;石墨-H2O分散液的粒径分布及粘度曲线表明,加入CMC使石墨粒子在水中达到良好的分散。     

纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡水悬浮液性质的研究

为研制稳定性、分散性良好的纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)水悬浮液,研究了纳米ATO在水中的稳定、分散行为,讨论了分散剂种类、ATO用量、pH值、分散剂用量对体系稳定性、分散性和流变性的影响。采用沉降实验、Zeta电位仪、激光粒度仪、透射电镜等测试方法对纳米ATO悬浮液的特性进行表征。实验结果表明,选用静电位阻型分散剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI),ATO用量为8％,分散剂用量8％～10％,pH值>4时,7 d后悬浮液沉降体积分数小于16％,ATO的平均粒径100 nm左右,体系粘度小于2 mPa·s。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from