A Feedback Control Mechanism of QoS Management for IP Telecommunication Network

1IntroductionWith the rapid development of IP technology, thetraditional telecommunication network and the IP net-work are merging gradually.The trendis shown appar-ently in Next Generation Network ( NGN) and 3G( WCDMA/CDMA 2000) systems both of which arebased upon IP technology. The IP-based telecommuni-cation network (namely,IPTN) requires rigorous QoSguarantee. However ,even with decade s efforts , howto provide QoS guarantee for multiple services and cus-tomers over IPTN is …     

第四代移动通信网络架构及QoS研究

在现有无线通信系统向第四代无线通信系统（4G）演进的过程中存在着很多关键的难题，例如网络结构的提升，信令协议的增强，要提供端对端的服务质量（QoS）保证，全球范围内的无线漫游以及灵活多样的服务提供。本文介绍了几种4G可能的无线网络架构，使之能支持跨多重网络的全球漫游，随后讨论了4G网络中的QoS保证，最后提出一种基于QoS的智能调节机制。     

互联网的服务质量控制和管理

文章介绍了互联网的业务管理模式、服务质量控制和管理体系结构,并对服务质量控制和管理的关键技术,如集成服务、区分服务、服务质量计费、服务质量测量等,进行了分析。     

Adaptive QoS Management for IEEE 802.11 Future Wireless ISPs

Wireless Internet Service Providers (WISPs) are expected to be the new generation of access providers using the emerging IEEE 802.11 technology. Face to the high competition of providing network services, the WISP have to offer the best service to the users. For this purpose, the WISP networks' managers need to provide Quality of Service (QoS) with a minimum cost in their wireless networks. The current link layer IEEE 802.11b provides fair sharing of the radio resource with no service differentiation mechanism; similarly to the Internet best effort service. However, the ongoing standard IEEE 802.11e should implement a priority mechanism at the link layer to differentiate the users' traffic. In order to overcome the lack of differentiated mechanism in the current link layer IEEE 802.11b, hence controlling the utilization of the scarce radio resource, we propose in this article to deploy Diffserv architecture coupled with an adaptive provisioning of QoS to provide better services to the users with minimum WISP cost and improve the utilization of the radio resource. Compliant with the current and future IEEE 802.11 link layer, the proposed adaptive QoS provisioning mechanism reacts to the radio resource fluctuation and improves the number of accepted clients in the IEEE 802.11 wireless cells based on the WISP business policies. The network layer differentiation provided by the Diffserv architecture intends to control the concurrent access of the traffic to the scarce radio resources at the IP layer of the mobile hosts for the uplink traffic on one hand, and at the IP layer of the base stations for the downlink traffic on the other hand.     

Perspectives of QoS Management Based on QoAS for 3G Communication Systems

The UMTS appear to be the communication system of the next future. In this system all the communication services will be included. This means that the Quality of Service (QoS) will have a great importance. So is envisaged that the management of the system will take in account the momentary system capabilities continually determined in real time. Until now, the quality of the links is determined by end-to-end in line procedures based on Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements. It is clear that an end-to-end procedure cannot detect the worse section of the link. To overcome this inconvenient the morerecent trend of QoS management is to realise a distributed monitoring of the whole system. Following this last trend this paper proposes a distributed off-line monitoring of the system based on the analysis of the Quality of Analog Signal (QoAS). This proposed analysis implies a high-speed analog to digital conversion of the Intermediate Frequency signal and a very complex processing. In this paper, the state-of-the-art researches performed in this perspective are described. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Cooperative QoS Management Scheme Based on DiffServ Network for Real-Time Service

In this paper,an improved scheme based on DiffServ network is proposed to provide a decentralized coopera-tive QoS management for real-time services'admission control and resources'monitoring.The proposed scheme consists of aQoS Control Server(QoSCS),a Service Management Server(SMS),a Network Management Server(NMS)and routersin the concerned management domain.When an application asks for a service with specific QoS requirements,a series ofcooperation are initiated among these components by means of a suit of signaling protocol.Once a service is admitted,itcan provide required QoS services more effectively than original DiffServ network.Monitoring per-flow states are movedfrom edge routers to the QoSCS server.The prototype implementation and experimental results show that this scheme canprovide enhanced manageability and scalability for providing per-flow management in such a distributed way.     

移动云服务的自适应业务质量管理

The rapid growth of cloud computing and mobile Internet services has triggered the emergence of mobile cloud services. Among many challenges, QoS management is one of the crucial issues for mobile cloud services. However, existing works on QoS management for cloud computing can hardly fit well to the mobile environment. This paper presents a QoS management architecture and an adaptive management process that can predict, assess and ensure QoS of mobile cloud services. Furthermore, we propose an adaptive QoS management model based on Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM), which suitably represents the causal relationships among QoS related properties and cloud service modes. We evaluate the proposed solution and demonstrate its effectiveness and benefits based on simulation work.     

QoS Handover Management in LEO/MEO Satellite Systems

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are foreseen to complement terrestrial networks in future global mobile networks. Although space segment topology of a LEO network is characterized by periodic variations, connections of mobile stations (MSs) to the satellite backbone network alter stochastically. As a result the quality of service delivered to users may degrade. Different procedures have been proposed either as part of a resource allocation mechanism or as part of an end-to-end routing protocol to manage transitions of MSs from one satellite to another (handover). All of these techniques are based on the prioritization of requested handovers to ease network operation and therefore enhance provision of service. This paper proposes a new handover procedure that exploits all geometric characteristics of a satellite-to-MS connection to provide an equable handover in systems incorporating onboard processing satellites. Its performance is evaluated by simulations for a variety of satellite constellations to prove its general applicability. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

QoS handover management for multimedia LEO satellite networks

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems gained considerable interest towards the end of the previous decade by virtue of some of the appealing features that are endowed with, such as low propagation delay and the ability to communicate with handheld terminals. However, after the limited commercial success of the first networks of this kind, future satellite networks are now conceived as complementary rather than competitive to terrestrial networks. In this paper, we focus on one of the most influential factors in system performance, that is, the handover of a call. First, we provide a succinct review of the handover strategies that have been proposed in the literature. Then we propose two different satellite handover techniques for broadband LEO satellite systems that capitalize upon the satellite diversity that a system may provide. The proposed schemes cater for multimedia traffic and are based on the queuing of handover requests. Moreover, a deallocation scheme is also proposed according to which capacity reservation requests are countermanded when the capacity that they strive to reserve is unlikely to be used. Simulation studies further document and confirm the positive characteristics of the proposed handover schemes.     

WCDMA IP多媒体子系统中基于策略的QoS管理

WCDMA可为用户提供高速的多媒体业务,为了能够更好地提供多媒体业务,3GPP标准化组织自R5版起在分组域上添加了IP多媒体子系统,利用IP多媒体子系统提供端到端的、有QoS保证的、基于IP的多媒体应用服务,其核心部分就是基于策略的QoS控制管理.本文将详细介绍IP多媒体子系统中基于策略的QoS管理体系结构,以及它是如何实现QoS保证的.     

QoS体系中的主动队列管理算法研究综述

随着Internet的迅速发展，服务质量(QoS)正成为当前研究的热点之一。为了达到QoS的性能指标，拥塞控制作为一个很重要的方面在发挥着作用。主动队列管理是实现拥塞控制的重要手段之一，长期以来一直受到广泛的关注，基于不同理论的各种主动队列管理的算法也随之涌现。这些队列管理算法在一定程度上完成网络拥塞控制的任务，但是也不同程度地在公平性、可扩展性以及算法的复杂度上存在缺陷。本文通过对目前几种主要队列管理算法的实现原理的分析，考察了这些队列管理算法的优点和其可能存在的一些问题，而这些可能存在的问题也是下一步研究的起点。     

新一代电信系统中业务管理的研究

对新一代电信系统中业务管理机制进行研究。首先,指出了在新型业务开展中传统电信管理模式的不足。其次,分析了新一代电信管理系统中的信息组织形式,并分别从商务视点、商务流程以及商务价值三方面论述了业务管理在未来电信运营中的关键作用。最后,分析了业务管理中关键技术的研究现状,指出新一代业务管理未来的研究方向。     

一个基于SLS的接入网边到边QoS管理机制

该文提出了一个基于SLS的EPON的边到边QoS管理机制.通过EPON很好地解决了带宽不足问题;通过优化度评估算法为用户业务选择业务类.由于优化度评估公式基于用户在市场上的行为,考虑了负载、价格和性能因素,因此不但可通过引导业务量沿不同的业务类有序分布在DiffServ机制下实现了对用户业务的定量的边到边QoS保证,同时可以提高用户业务的性能价格比.实验结果很好地证明该机制的优点.     

An Anchor Chain Scheme for IP Mobility Management

This work presents a simple mobility scheme for IP-based networks, termed the anchor chain scheme. The scheme combines pointer forwarding and caching methods. Every mobile host (MH) is associated with a chain of anchors that connects it to its home agent. Each anchor defines the location of the MH at a certain degree of accuracy. The accuracy is increased along the chain until the attachment point of the MH is reached. We develop distributed procedures for updating the anchor chain (binding operation) with MH movements and for delivering messages to a MH (delivery operation). In terms of worst case performance, the total cost of the binding operations is O(Move logMove), where Move is the total geographic distance that the MH has traveled since its activation. The total length of the MH's pointer path is linear with the distance between the MH and its home network, and the delivery cost is near optimal. In addition, the anchor chain of a MH is determined dynamically with no need for preliminary definitions of static anchors or regions. Our simulation results show that the anchor chain scheme also yields lower average overheads for both the binding and the delivery operations than other methods that are described in the literature, including the current home approach. We believe that the proposed scheme is scalable, fairly easy to implement and there fore attractive for supporting MHs.     

Artificial Intelligence-Empowered Resource Management for Future Wireless Communications: A Survey

How to explore and exploit the full potential of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies in future wireless communications such as beyond 5G(B5G)and 6G is an extremely hot inter-disciplinary research topic around the world.On the one hand,AI empowers intelligent resource management for wireless communications through powerful learning and automatic adaptation capabilities.On the other hand,embracing AI in wireless communication resource management calls for new network architecture and system models as well as standardized interfaces/protocols/data formats to facilitate the large-scale deployment of AI in future B5G/6G networks.This paper reviews the state-of-art AI-empowered resource management from the framework perspective down to the methodology perspective,not only considering the radio resource(e.g.,spectrum)management but also other types of resources such as computing and caching.We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for AI-based resource management to widely deploy AI in future wireless communication networks.     

A Strategy for Harmonised QoS Manipulation in Heterogeneous IMS Networks

Heterogeneous networks are collections of communication platforms utilising different protocols. Heterogeneity was born by the need of operators to offer within short time many different services on the market. As a result, nowadays users communicate through collections of networks utilising different protocols, rendering service mapping from one network to another a complex issue. With the emergence of IMS and the introduction of IP and SIP protocols as a means for achieving network homogeneity, service interoperability has become even more important. With regard to this problem, the paper proposes a method for homogenising IMS networks with regard to the utilised QoS settings and charging policy. The paper explains how the method can be applied on real IMS networks for the preservation of QoS and charging records across the whole communication path and carries out a comparative analysis with performance figures obtained in real networks.

A Robust M/M/1/k Scheme for Providing Handoff Dropping QoS in Multi-Service Mobile Networks

This paper presents a technique for ensuring that the probability of handoffs dropped in a multi-service mobile cellular network is kept below specified thresholds. The technique is robust in the sense that it does not require information exchanges amongst neighboring cells. The technique also accepts different Quality of Service (QoS) specifications for different grades of handoff calls and ensures that these QoS levels are preserved under changing load conditions.     

Load-Balanced Location Management for Cellular Mobile Systems Using Quorums and Dynamic Hashing

This paper presents a new distributed location management strategy for cellular mobile systems. Its salient features are fast location update and query, load balancing among location servers, and scalability. The strategy employs dynamic hashing techniques and quorums to manage location update and query operations. The proposed strategy does not require a home location register (HLR) to be associated with each mobile node. Location updates and queries for a mobile node are multicast to subsets of location servers, which change with time depending on the location of mobile node/querying node and load on the servers. Simulation experiments demonstrate that such dynamism prevents situations of heavy load on some location servers when mobile nodes are not uniformly distributed in space, or when some mobile nodes have their location updated or queried more often than others. Also, queries return the latest location information of a mobile node with a very high probability. The proposed scheme requires at most one unicast and two rounds of message multicasting for location update and query operations. All multicast messages have a small payload and are restricted to the high bandwidth wired part of the mobile network resulting in low communication overhead. Moreover, if a quorum of location servers gets overloaded, part of its load can be transferred to another lightly loaded quorum using dynamic hashing techniques.     

Hierarchical Group Location Tracking for Transportation Systems in Wireless Personal Communication Networks

A hierarchical group location tracking (HGLT) based on grouplocation tracking and hierarchical location update is proposed toreduce the location management cost for terrestrialtransportation systems (TSs) in personal communication networks. A global group location update (GGLU) and a local group locationupdate (LGLU) are performed to provide an accurate position for auser. The GGLU informs a virtual visitor location register of thecurrently camped-on location area and the LGLU informs the servingmobile switching center of the currently camped-on cell. Althoughthe LGLU is done each time a TS moves into a new cell, it causessmall increment in the signaling cost due to localized updates andgroup updates compared with the previous group location trackingscheme. The proposed scheme significantly reduces the paging costbecause the scheme pages only a camped-on cell using the LGLUinformation. Compared with the previous schemes, the HGLT reducesthe location management cost, and it is more efficient as thecost for paging a cell increases.     

New Framework and Mechanisms of Context‐Aware Service Composition in the Future Internet

The ongoing proliferation of new services, applications, and contents is leading the Internet to an architectural crisis owing to its inability to provide efficient solutions to new requirements. Clean‐slate architectures for the future Internet offer a new approach to tackle current and future challenges. This proposal introduces a novel clean‐slate architecture in which the TCP/IP protocol stack is decoupled in basic functionalities, that is, atomic services (ASs). A negotiation protocol, which enables context‐aware service discovery for providing adapted communications, is also specified. Then, we present how ASs can be discovered and composed according to requesters' requirements. In addition, a media service provisioning use case shows the benefits of our framework. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept implementation of the framework is described and analyzed. This paper describes the first clean‐slate architecture aligned with the work done within the ISO/IEC Future Network working group.