单面涂布白纸板的卷曲及防治

1卷曲的类型和原因纸和纸板卷曲是一种常见的，但又较难解决的纸病。其表现形式一般可分为三种，一种是纵向卷曲，即卷曲的轴线与纸机运行方向一致；另一种是横向卷曲，即卷曲的轴线与纸机运行方向相垂直；还有一种是对角线卷曲，即斜卷曲，这种情况比较少见。根据其产生原因的不同，纸和纸板的卷曲又可分三种不同的类型：在生产、储存和加工过程中，由于纸幅受到机械拉伸，使纸和纸板的一个表面在受力时超过其弹性极限所引起的卷曲称为机械性卷曲；在生产、加工或印刷时，由于纸幅两面的含湿量不一致而造成卷曲称为干湿性卷曲；由于纸幅的…     

山羊绒、细支绵羊毛纤维集合体压缩性能研究

采用ＤＣＳ－５００型岛津强力机，测试分析了内蒙产３种不同直径、不同卷曲密度的分梳山羊绒纤维集合体的压缩性能，并与细支绵羊毛作对比。可对山羊绒、羊毛的客观检验和评价提供参考。     

纸张卷曲的形成及其解决办法

关于卷曲,Douglas Wahren曾经写道“关于卷曲的报道很少,但在生产的各个环节及使用的后续链都会对卷曲产生不同的影响。”但是,对卷曲的分析和解决并不容易。遇到的每个问题通常是纸张性能与最终使用条件的一种独特组合。定义和解决卷曲问题存在许多变量并涉及多种情况。     

特种纤维生产线上短纤维卷曲机的设计改进

为了满足各类特种纤维的生产要求,对常规短纤维卷曲机进行了设计改进。简述了填塞箱式短纤维卷曲机的工作原理、设计改进背景,重点分析对比了改进后干态纤维卷曲机的卷曲刀、卷曲辊、侧板等零部件的特点,以及高强、粗特类纤维卷曲机背压气缸的选定、卷曲箱高度的设计等,说明不同类型特种纤维对短纤维卷曲机的性能要求不同。     

新闻纸生产过程纸页卷曲问题的探讨

对岳纸优化概念高速纸机(#8机)生产新闻纸的卷曲问题进行了分析,并对新闻纸卷曲的成因及解决方法作了介绍。     

柞蚕丝纤维的卷曲定形整理工艺

分别采用乙二醛、戊二醛对柞蚕丝进行卷曲定形整理的正交试验，以断裂强力和卷曲回复率作为最佳工艺判定指标。结果表明：乙二醛整理工艺能提高柞蚕丝纤维21．72％的断裂强力，增加幅度是戊二醛整理工艺的2倍；戊二醛能提高柞蚕丝纤维61．03％的卷曲度和72．89％的卷曲回复率，但却降低了2．79％的卷曲弹性率。     

影响PE/PP皮芯型复合短纤维卷曲性能的因素

探讨了影响ＰＥ／ＰＰ皮芯型复合短纤维卷曲性能的因素,找出了这些因素与卷曲数、卷曲率和卷曲弹性率之间的关系,着重讨论了不同的ＰＰ原料、集束总旦数和卷曲机腔体蒸汽温度对卷曲性能的影响,并得出了一些相关结论。     

新型高卷曲高性能粘胶纤维的结构与性能

通过对高卷曲高性能粘胶纤维的物理机械性能,应力——应变行为、聚合度、平均结晶长、结晶度和取向度的测定,研究了高卷曲高性能粘胶纤维结构与性能的关系。结果表明:与第一、二代粘胶纤维比较,第三代的高卷曲高性能粘胶纤维是一种很具开发价值的新型纤维。     

使用3.33dtex三维卷曲中空涤纶短纤维混纺涤毛弹力织物

从3.33dtex三维卷曲中空涤纶短纤维生产、毛条制造和织物制造等方面介绍了使用3.33dtex三维卷曲中空涤纶短纤维混纺涤毛弹力织物的过程。三维卷曲中空涤纶短纤维拥有酷似天然羊毛的卷曲波峰,具有回弹性好、毛型感强、蓬松性好等优良特性,是理想的毛混纺原料。采用70^s澳毛44％、3.33dtex三维卷曲中空涤纶短纤维53％、莱卡3％的原料配比,生产出的涤毛弹力织物虽然含毛率不高,但它的风格独特,是一种高附加值的产品,其发展前景广阔。     

关于纯毛提花毯水纹起因的探讨

纯毛提花毯的水波纹是怎样产生的?产生这种水波纹的纺织纤维必须具备哪些条件?一九八一年十月,在全国毛毯学术讨论会上,对下列三种不同观点进行了讨论。一种观点认为,纺织纤维的可塑性是产生水纹的根本原因;第二种观点认为,水纹是由于捻度产生的;第三种观点认为,水纹是羊毛纤维自然卷曲的恢复。 一年来,关于纯毛提花毯水纹起因的问题,我们进行了一些探讨,认为上述三种观点都是不能成立的。 产生水纹的必要条件是,纺织纤维必须具有一定长度和可卷曲性。 纤维的长度是产生水纹的重要前提。现以具有代表性的羊毛纤维为例,无论其可塑性,还是抢度…     

29—THE EFFECT OF FIBRE CRIMP ON FABRIC QUALITY

The relation between fibre crimp and fabric quality is investigated for various fabrics of different grades. It is found that fibres taken from fabrics of good quality have a high crimp level and that fibre crimp plays an important role in yarn extensibility, compressibility, and fabric extensibility and improves fabric quality. Correlation between fibre crimp and primary handle is also surveyed, and it is shown that NUMERI (smoothness) and FUKURAMI (fullness and softness) are strongly correlated with the fibre crimp.     

28—THE LOSS OF CRIMP AND CRIMP RECOVERY OF WOOL FIBRES DURING HIGH-SPEED WORSTED SPINNING

Wool fibres are subjected to severe mechanical actions during the worsted-spinning process, especially on a high-speed system. The loss of crimp and crimp recovery of single wool fibres are examined by measuring the crimp shrinkage of single fibres and the bulkiness of fibre bundles sampled at various stages in a commonly used worsted-spinning system. It is found that the crimp and crimp recovery of single fibres gradually decrease with progress through the spinning system, the reduction being particularly noticeable during carding. Fibre bundles with a high crimp level showed greater bulkiness.     

24—THE EFFECT OF FIBRE PROPERTIES AND WEAVE CRIMP ON THE HYGRAL EXPANSION OF WOVEN WOOL FABRICS

A study is reported in which 53 plain-weave and 55 twill-weave fabrics were produced under nominally identical conditions from different wool lots ranging greatly in fibre properties. The hygral expansion of these fabrics was measured and related to the various fibre properties and weave crimp.

It was found that fabric geometry, as reflected in weave crimp, was the most important factor contributing to hygral expansion, higher weave crimp leading to higher hygral expansion. Weave crimp also increased with an increase in staple crimp, as did hygial expansion, the effect of staple crimp being largely due to its effect on weave crimp.

Results obtained on the 108 all-wool fabrics and on six mohair fabrics produced under identical conditions to the all-wool fabrics indicated that weave crimp rather than fibre properties per se plays the main rôle in determining hygral expansion.     

22—FACTORS AFFECTING THE THICKNESS AND COMPRESSIBILITY OF WORSTED-SPUN YARNS

Yarn-thickness measurements have been made on a range of worsted-spun yarns, apparatus being used whereby loads ranging from I to 100 g could be mechanically applied over a length of 0–5 cm of yarn. A linear relation was found when the logarithm of the load was plotted against the logarithm of the yarn thickness, and this has been used to provide a ‘thickness index’ and a ‘compression index’ for each yarn examined.

It has been shown that the two most important factors influencing yarn thickness and compression are the spinning twist and the fibre crimp, these being followed closely by the fibre length. Large differences were observed between the thickness and the compression of yarns spun to the same linear density from a range of different wool qualities, and these were largely due to the combined influence of the fibre crimp, length, and diameter. Considerable increases in yarn thickness and compression were also found between acrylic fibre yarns before and after bulking.

Factors exerting less influence on yarn thickness and compression were the fibre diameter, the fibre cross-sectional shape, the different proportions in wool-Terylene blends, and the use of different processing systems; a large change in relative humidity had no effect on the thickness and compression measurements.     

26—STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL EFFECTS IN THE OBSERVED STRESS-STRAIN CURVE FOR WET WOOL FIBRES

This paper describes a detailed theoretical and experimental investigation into the relationship between wool-fibre non-uniformities and stress-strain behaviour. The shape of the stress-strain curve in the yield region is closely related to the fibre cumulative cross-sectional-area distribution. The fibre-material yield slope is found to be nearly zero, and the changes from Hookean to yield region and from yield to post-yield region for the material are quite sharp. The observed relative yield slope (relative to the stress at 15% extension) and the coefficient of variation of area interact in the manner predicted except that there are quantitative differences between the experimentally and theoretically derived relationships; these deviations are interpreted as structural effects due to fluctuations in the stress at 15% extension along the fibres, a variation that is relatively independent of the changes in cross-sectional area along the fibres. The mean effective coefficient of variation of area due to this structural variation is found to be of the same magnitude as the mean coefficient of variation of area for the wool-fibre types examined.

Previous results relating crimp to the cross-sectional area and the Hookean slope are confirmed; within the fibre groups, thicker fibres have a higher crimp level and a lower relative Hookean slope (relative to the stress at 15% extension), whereas between groups the thicker fibres have a lower crimp level and a higher relative Hookean slope than thinner fibres. The stress at 15% extension is significantly different for the different wool-fibre types, which indicates real structural differences between the fibre types. As the fibre mean cross-sectional area increases, the fibres show a tendency to be structurally ‘stronger’, the magnitude of this effect agreeing with values obtained by other investigators. Thinner fibres, as well as being structurally ‘weaker’, tend to be more variable in cross-sectional area and less elliptical in cross-section.     

平面卷曲纤维伸展时负荷与卷曲率之间的关系

建立了纤维平面圆弧卷曲模型，并以曲杆弯曲时弯矩－曲率方程为基础，推导出了平面卷曲纤维负荷－卷曲率理论关系式。通过实验验证，证明该模型及所建立的理论关系式在一定范围内与实测结果相符性良好。还对影响纤维伸展过程的因素等进行了分析讨论。     

皮芯型甲壳素粘胶纤维的基本性能研究

研究皮芯型甲壳素粘胶纤维的基本性能.测试了其拉伸性、卷曲弹性、形态结构及摩擦性能,并与纯甲壳素纤维、普通粘胶纤维和Modal纤维进行了对比.结果表明:在常温干态下,皮芯型甲壳素粘胶纤维的断裂强度大于纯甲壳素纤维,小于普通粘胶纤维和Modal纤维;断裂伸长率大于纯甲壳素纤维、普通粘胶纤维和Modal纤维.湿态下皮芯型甲壳素粘胶纤维的力学性能变化较普通粘胶纤维的小,其卷曲弹性比普通粘胶纤维差;动摩擦因数和静摩擦因数均大于普通粘胶纤维.     

木棉纤维与棉纤维结构性能的比较

研究木棉纤维的结构与性能.测试了木棉纤维的长度、线密度、外观形貌、红外光谱、X射线衍射图及拉伸性能,并与棉纤维进行对比分析.结果表明:木棉纤维长度在20 mm左右,线密度约0.68 dtex,投影宽度接近细绒棉,无天然转曲,中空度达90%;木棉纤维中存在有木质素;木棉纤维与棉纤维同属于纤维素Ⅰ晶型,结晶度为46.4%;其强力与断裂伸长率明显小于棉纤维.     

复合组织单面纬编织物编织工艺

介绍了3种复合组织单面纬编织物的编织工艺,包括:"四合一"T恤面料、泡泡纱复合面料、褶纹复合面料。编织工艺中重点阐述了三角排列、织针排列和穿纱方式。对针织面料开发具有一定的指导意义。