去离子水冲液振动辅助电火花加工TC4极性研究

在电火花修整叶片边缘参数优化研究中发现,正极性加工钛合金TC4的材料去除率在脉宽90μs时比负极性加工的大,且继续增大脉宽至110μs以上会频繁发生短路、拉弧,导致实验无法完成;负极性加工的材料去除率稳定,但工具电极损耗率是正极性加工的2倍以上;在冲液与振动辅助加工时,黄铜电极表面形成分布不连续、不均匀的氧化钛覆层,对电极的保护作用不明显。针对去离子冲液和振动辅助电火花加工钛合金TC4时的极性效应问题,从两极能量分配和电极与工件加工表面成分变化两方面进行研究,通过对比正、负极性加工中蚀除颗粒的尺寸,发现正极的蚀除能量远大于负极且正、负极性加工的TC4表面成分相差不大;在去离子水冲液振动电火花加工TC4时,正极得到的蚀除能量多于负极是出现极性效应的主要原因。     

基于微纳乳液的Inconel718电火花成形加工工艺实验研究

采用自制的微纳乳液作为工作液,利用电火花成形加工镍基高温合金(Inconel718),选取峰值电流、脉冲宽度、脉冲间隔及单次加工时间等参数进行十字正交试验,研究分析这些参数对电火花成形加工Inconel718的表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响,并对比了在微纳乳液与煤油工作液中加工的工件表面微观形貌。结果表明:峰值电流对材料去除率影响显著,单次加工时间对表面粗糙度影响显著;与煤油工作液相比,采用微纳乳液进行电火花成形加工的工件表面质量更好。     

钛合金电火花诱导可控烧蚀及车削修整复合加工试验研究

根据钛合金在一定温度和氧气压力条件下发生快速氧化燃烧现象,在电火花诱导放电所提供的高温热源和助燃氧气作用下,对钛合金进行电火花放电诱导可控烧蚀,同时通过车刀对形成的烧蚀及软化层进行在线机械修整,提高表面质量。对TC4钛合金进行常规电火花加工、电火花诱导可控烧蚀加工和电火花诱导可控烧蚀及车削修整复合加工对比试验,结果表明:电火花诱导可控烧蚀及车削修整复合加工具有加工速度快、电极损耗低等优点,并分析了氧气压力、工件转速、电极材料等对加工效果的影响。     

镍基高温合金Inconel718的超高效电火花电弧复合加工

提出了一种超高效电火花电孤复合铣削镍基高温合金Ineonel718的加工方法．构建了一种新型大功率电源,主要由高压脉冲电源和低压大功率直流电源组成。在冲液和电极旋转的作用下得到了非连续电弧,材料去除率可达13421mm3／min,相对电极损耗率可达1．71％。进行了复合加工和电火花加工的对比实验研究,分析了电极转速对材料去除率和相对电极损耗率的影响,并对加工表面特性进行了研究。     

基于流体动力断弧的高速电弧放电加工

提出了一种可用于难加工材料大余量高速蚀除的新的放电加工方法——基于流体动力断弧的高速电弧放电加工。与传统的电火花加工方法相比,高速电弧放电加工采用具有更高能量密度的电弧放电而不是火花放电来实现材料的蚀除;与其他利用电弧进行材料去除的工艺方法相比,高速电弧放电加工可使用特殊设计的成形电极实现强制多孔内充液,从而获得三维复杂型腔的沉入式加工能力,因此具有更广泛的应用前景。初步实验表明,对于镍基高温合金等难切削材料,高速电弧放电加工的材料去除率(MRR)远高于传统的电火花加工,甚至高于铣削加工。例如:加工镍基高温合金(GH4169)的材料去除率可达11 300 mm3/min,而电极损耗率(TWR)低于3%。由此可见,高速电弧放电加工在难切削材料的高效去除加工方面具有明显的技术优势。     

高温合金GH4169的电火花加工工艺性研究

高温合金GH4169是制造航空发动机的重要材料。用电火花加工镍基高温合金GH4169时,峰值电流、脉宽、脉间、间隙电压等电参数是重要控制因素,而表面粗糙度和材料去除率是衡量工艺效果的性能指标。利用单一工艺参数试验考察了各电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响。通过对多工艺参数正交试验结果进行极差分析,得出了各电参数对表面粗糙度和材料去除率影响的主次顺序。最后,在正交试验的基础上,利用灰关联分析法,得到了最优的加工参数组合,并进行了试验验证。     

电火花诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工方法研究

针对放电诱导烧蚀加工在高效加工的同时易在工件表面产生巨大烧蚀坑的问题,提出了电火花诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工方法。对钛合金TC4进行了电火花加工、烧蚀加工、诱导烧蚀磨削修整复合加工的对比实验,研究机械磨削作用对烧蚀性能的影响。在钛合金烧蚀加工实验过程中,用复合机械磨头进行修整能显著提高加工效率,达到1107 mm3/min,是同等条件下电火花加工的6.77倍、烧蚀加工的1.27倍。由于存在机械磨削修整作用,可在线去除烧蚀产物,露出基体材料,工件表面粗糙度优于烧蚀加工,甚至优于同等电参数下的电火花加工,达到了在获得高效加工的同时提升表面质量的目的。     

电火花成形电极包络修整叶片边缘工艺的探究

航空发动机叶片进排气边缘的精度直接影响着飞机的气动性能。为解决电解加工叶片存在的叶缘尺寸误差问题，提出了采用成形电极曲面，以“线-线”接触方式，电火花包络加工的方法对叶片边缘进行修整，即通过共轭曲面的基本原理设计出与理论叶缘曲面互相啮合的电极曲面，当电极与叶片按照刀位轨迹进行共轭运动时，电极曲面与叶缘曲面在每一个刀位点处始终保持有且仅有一条线接触，利用该特征曲线（刀刃线）对叶缘毛胚余量进行蚀除，再利用自研的六轴电火花机床对叶片毛胚进行了边缘修整实验。实验结果表明：修整后的叶片叶缘整体尺寸误差范围为-16.4～88.5μm、电极相对体积损耗率为0.87；通过对电极曲面不同部位的损耗情况进行分析，确定了电极曲面损耗严重区域的位置以及相应的材料去除量与电极损耗的关系，为后续的电极补偿提供了依据。     

钛合金Ti-6Al-4V的电火花加工试验研究

对钛合金Ti-6Al-4V进行了电火花加工试验研究,以加工极性、脉宽、峰值电流为试验因素,探讨其对TC4钛合金的材料去除率、电极相对损耗及工件表面微裂纹的影响规律。结果表明:占空比一定、采用正极性或负极性加工时,增加峰值电流皆可提高其材料去除率,且负极性加工影响更为显著;同时,负极性加工可获得较低的电极相对损耗。无论选用何种加工极性,增大峰值电流与脉宽,都会导致TC4钛合金加工表面出现显著的微裂纹,且负极性加工时的工件表面微裂纹密度大于正极性加工;同时,TC4钛合金加工表面皆有TiC生成,使电火花加工TC4钛合金时的材料去除率降低。     

GH4169航空发动机叶片的电火花修整工艺参数优化研究

针对电解加工可能出现的发动机叶片进、排气边缘加工误差问题,以与叶片边缘尺寸去除量相仿的镍基合金GH4169薄片为材料,采用电火花加工进行工艺参数优化研究.在粗加工阶段,施加振动辅助,以脉宽、峰值电流、振幅和振动频率四个因素进行正交实验L16(44)来研究最佳的工艺参数;在精加工阶段,以电源电压、峰值电流和脉宽为影响因素...     

On Electro Discharge Machining of Inconel 718 with Hollow Tool

Inconel 718 is a nickel-based alloy designed for high yield, tensile, and creep-rupture properties. This alloy has been widely used in jet engines and high-speed airframe parts in aeronautic application. In this study, electric discharge machining (EDM) process was used for machining commercially available Inconel 718. A copper electrode with 99.9% purity having tubular cross section was employed to machine holes of 20?mm height and 12?mm diameter on Inconel 718 workpieces. Experiments were planned using response surface methodology (RSM). Effects of five major process parameters??pulse current, duty factor, sensitivity control, gap control, and flushing pressure on the process responses??material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) have been discussed. Mathematical models for MRR and SR have been developed using analysis of variance. Influences of process parameters on tool wear and tool geometry have been presented with the help of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Analysis shows significant interaction effect of pulse current and duty factor on MRR yielding a wide range from 14.4 to 22.6?mm³/min, while pulse current remains the most contributing factor with approximate changes in the MRR and SR of 48 and 37%, respectively, corresponding to the extreme values considered. Interactions of duty factor and flushing pressure yield a minimum surface roughness of 6.2???m. The thickness of the sputtered layer and the crack length were found to be functions of pulse current. The hollow tool gets worn out on both the outer and the inner edges owing to spark erosion as well as abrasion due to flow of debris.     

Finite element prediction of material removal rate due to electro-chemical spark machining

Electro-chemical spark machining (ECSM) is an innovative hybrid machining process, which combines the features of the electro-chemical machining (ECM) and electrodischarge machining (EDM). Unlike ECM and EDM, ECSM is capable of machining electrically non-conducting materials. This paper attempts to develop a thermal model for the calculation of material removal rate (MRR) during ECSM. First, temperature distribution within zone of influence of single spark is obtained with the application of finite element method (FEM). The nodal temperatures are further post processed for estimating MRR. The developed FEM based thermal model is found to be in the range of accuracy with the experimental results. Further the parametric studies are carried out for different parameters like electrolyte concentration, duty factor and energy partition. The increase in MRR is found to increase with increase in electrolyte concentration due to ECSM of soda lime glass workpiece material. Also, the change in the value of MRR for soda lime glass with concentration is found to be more than that of alumina. MRR is found to increase with increase in duty factor and energy partition for both soda lime glass and alumina workpiece material.     

Improving the accuracy of the blade leading/trailing edges by electrochemical machining with tangential feeding

The demand of improving the accuracy of leading/trailing edges of aero engine blades has increased continually. This paper proposes a method of electrochemical machining with tangential feeding in which the leading/trailing edges are electrochemically processed by the cathode tools feeding along the tangential direction of the mean camber line of blades. The modelling and simulation on the ECM process have been carried out. A specific experiment system has been developed. Theoretical and experimental studies have proved that the proposed technology of tangential feeding offered unique advantages such as short electrolyte path, stable machining current and so achieved high machining accuracy.     

Compound machining of titanium alloy by super high speed EDM milling and arc machining

A novel compound machining of titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) by super high speed electrical discharge machining (EDM) milling and arc machining was proposed in this paper. The power supply consisted of a pulse generator and a DC power source which were isolated from each other. A rotating pipe graphite electrode was connected to the negative pole of the power supply. The plasma channel was able to deionize, and maximum material removal rate (MRR) reached 21,494 mm³/min with a relative electrode wear ratio (REWR) of 1.7% because of high current and efficient flushing. Compared with traditional EDM, the compound machining achieved a significantly higher MRR but a similar REWR. To investigate the characteristics of the compound machining, the effects of electrode polarity, peak voltage, peak current, and flushing pressure on the performance of the process, including its MRR, REWR, and radius of overcut (ROC), were determined. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microhardness analysis were conducted. Result shows that the proposed method can machine difficult-to-machine materials efficiently.     

田口-灰关联法应用于Inconel 718微放电铣削参数最佳化(英文)

应用田口-灰关联法对Inconel 718微放电铣削多重质量特性如电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量进行最佳化,分析放电电流、脉冲时间、休止时间和极间间隙对加工Inconel 718之电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量的影响。实验结果表明,以最佳微放电铣削参数进行加工,其电极消耗率由5.6×10-9mm3/min降低到5.2×10-9mm3/min,材料去除率由0.47×10-8mm3/min增加到1.68×10-8mm3/min,扩口量由1.27μm降低到1.19μm。研究结果显示,应用田口-灰关联法,可以改善微放电铣削多重质量特性。     

发动机叶片电解加工等入流角流场设计与试验研究

在大扭角、长叶身型复杂曲面叶片电解加工中,通常采用传统纵向侧流式流场加工,电解液在叶尖至叶根的入流角度差异较大,电解液分流不均,易引发短路等加工意外。提出了一种等入流角流场,即在理论模型上由叶尖至叶根截取若干截面,在截面中以进排气边缘两侧切线的角平分线方向为入流方向,将各流道沿各自的入流方向延伸形成等入流角流场。该方法均匀了电解液入流角,有利于提升流场稳定性。利用有限元方法对等入流角与纵向侧流式流场进行了对比,结果表明等入流角流场可有效提升流场的均匀稳定。进行了等入流角流场的加工试验,结果表明该流场可获得较好的加工稳定性与加工质量。     

放电诱导可控烧蚀高效加工典型工艺方法

提出了一种以放电诱导产生可控烧蚀为基础的高效加工方式。利用大部分金属在放电诱导后表面产生活化区会与通入的氧气发生燃烧的特点,通过放电诱导,使加工表面产生活化区,并控制氧气的通入量,使加工表面金属产生可控高效烧蚀,而后通过电火花加工、电解加工、车削、铣削、磨削等工艺方法修整烧蚀表面,完善表面质量与精度。此种加工方法特别适合于钛合金、高温合金、高强度钢等难加工金属材料的加工。由于采用水溶性非可燃工作液,节能环保,不会产生有害气体及燃烧隐患,因此也是一项绿色制造技术,是机械加工领域一种全新的高效加工方法。     

Optimization of machining parameters in magnetic force assisted EDM based on Taguchi method

A versatile process of electrical discharge machining (EDM) using magnetic force assisted standard EDM machine has been developed. The effects of magnetic force on EDM machining characteristics were explored. Moreover, this work adopted an L18 orthogonal array based on Taguchi method to conduct a series of experiments, and statistically evaluated the experimental data by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The main machining parameters such as machining polarity (P), peak current (I_p), pulse duration (τ_p), high-voltage auxiliary current (I_H), no-load voltage (V) and servo reference voltage (S_v) were chosen to determine the EDM machining characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). The benefits of magnetic force assisted EDM were confirmed from the analysis of discharge waveforms and from the micrograph observation of surface integrity. The experimental results show that the magnetic force assisted EDM has a higher MRR, a lower relative electrode wear ratio (REWR), and a smaller SR as compared with standard EDM. In addition, the significant machining parameters, and the optimal combination levels of machining parameters associated with MRR as well as SR were also drawn. Moreover, the contribution for expelling machining debris using the magnetic force assisted EDM would be proven to attain a high efficiency and high quality of surface integrity to meet the demand of modern industrial applications.     

High-speed dry electrical discharge machining

A novel high-speed dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) method was proposed in this study. Using this method, the material can be rapidly melted by extremely high discharge energy and flushed out of the discharge gap by high-pressure and high-speed air flow. The material removal rate (MRR) of dry EDM was significantly improved by the proposed method. The MRR of dry EDM is usually in tens mm³/min, whereas the MRR of the proposed method can be as high as 5162 mm³/min, which improves the MRR by 2nd to 3rd order of magnitude. Investigation was conducted systemically. The influences of work piece polarity, discharge current, pulse duration time, gas pressure, and electrode rotation speed on machining performance were studied. The machining mechanism of this method was thoroughly analyzed. Moreover, the re-solidified layer, surface morphology, elementary composition, and phase of AISI 304 stainless steel for high-speed dry EDM were also investigated. Theoretical and technical foundations were laid for the industry application of dry EDM.