镍-硼合金镀层的硬度和耐磨性

在以氨基磺酸镍为主盐、硼氢化钠为硼源的电解液中,采用恒流电镀法于铜基底表面制备了镍-硼合金镀层。采用相似的方法制备了纯镍镀层和镍-铁合金镀层作为对照。使用真空退火炉对镍-硼合金镀层进行热处理。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对镀层的晶体结构和表面形貌进行了表征和分析,采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机对镀层的硬度和耐磨性进行了测试。通过扫描电子显微镜观察表面摩擦磨痕形貌,分析镀层摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:镍-硼合金镀层表面光亮平整,硬度可达7 000~8 000 MPa;经过300℃热处理后硬度可达到11 000MPa。镍-硼合金镀层的耐磨性比镀镍层和镍-铁合金镀层的有很大的改善。     

镀液中石墨烯添加量对镍-石墨烯复合电镀层微观结构和耐磨性的影响

为提高巴氏合金的耐磨性,将石墨烯作为增强相添加到由240g/L NiSO_4·6H_2O、45 g/L NiCl_2·6H_2O、30 g/L H_3BO_3、20 g/L Na_2SO_4和0.1 g/L十二烷基苯磺酸钠组成的镀镍液中,在ZSnSb8Cu4合金上电沉积得到镍-石墨烯复合镀层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和摩擦磨损试验仪考察了镍-石墨烯复合镀层的表面形貌、组织结构和耐磨性。结果表明,复合电沉积镍-石墨烯能够有效提高巴氏合金基体的耐磨性,而镀液中石墨烯添加量的增大能使镀层晶粒细化,显微硬度升高,摩擦因数和磨损率减小。当镀液中石墨烯的质量浓度为400 mg/L时,镍-石墨烯复合镀层的显微硬度较高,耐磨性最优。     

电沉积钴-钨合金薄膜的磁性能及其测量方法

采用电沉积技术在纯铜片上制备了钴-钨合金薄膜,并研究了钴-钨合金薄膜的磁性能与其厚度、结构及表面形貌等的关系。结果表明:钻鹄电沉积属于诱导共沉积,铸在鉛表面氢原子的催化作用下与钴发生共沉积。钴-钨合金薄膜的厚度约为6um,属于Co3W四面体结构,其表面由典型瘤状颗粒构成。钴-钨合金薄膜垂直方向的磁性能优于平行方向的磁性能,最大矫顽力为74.42 kA/m.     

电沉积制备汽车用高硬度镍-钨合金薄膜

使用电沉积技术在汽车软钢材料上电镀高硬度镍-钨合金薄膜。研究发现,镍-钨合金属于诱导共沉积。提高镀液中钨酸钠的浓度,有利于增大合金中钨的质量分数,从而显著提高合金的硬度。镍为面心立方结构,钨为体心立方结构,最终异常共沉积生成的Ni17W3是一种固溶体。钨原子占据了镍原子的晶格,形成晶格畸变。合金中钨的质量分数越高,晶格畸变越明显,有利于细化晶粒、降低粗糙度,从而提高合金的机械性能。     

电沉积纳米晶镍-铁-铬合金

采用直流和脉冲电沉积方式从三价铬的氯化物镀液中沉积出镍-铁-铬纳米合金镀层，利用扫描电镜分析镀层形貌及晶粒尺寸，研究了沉积速率，电流效率，三价铬浓度及pH值随沉积时间的变化关系，结果表明，脉冲电沉积所得镀层的结构和性能均优于直流电沉积，这是由于脉冲电沉积存在断电时间，使得电极表面扩散层中金属离子的浓度得到及时恢复。     

交变磁场下脉冲电沉积镍-钴纳米合金镀层

在脉冲电沉积镍-钴纳米合金镀层的过程中引入与电场方向垂直的外加交变磁场。采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪观察并分析镀层的表面形貌和微观结构,并用显微硬度计测试镀层的显微硬度。结果表明:外加交变磁场的引入可使镀层晶粒细化,镀层表面平整、致密,镀层的显微硬度呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

电沉积法制备纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层

在氨基磺酸盐镀液体系中,采用电沉积法制备了纳米晶镍镀层和四种纳米晶Ni-Co合金镀层,采用FESEM、EDS和XRD表征了镀层的表面形貌、成分和晶体结构。结果表明,镍镀层和四种Ni-Co镀层的晶体结构都是简单面心立方结构;与镍镀层相比,Ni-Co合金镀层的平均晶粒尺寸减小,且当镀层钴含量为41.3%时,Ni-Co合金的平均晶粒尺寸最小为14.6 nm。在一定范围内,钴含量的增加有利于改善Ni-Co合金镀层的表面质量以及实现晶粒细化。     

镍-钴合金镀层研究进展

镍-钴合金镀层由于其性能优异,被广泛用于零部件的表面装饰与防护。近年来在纳米复合技术发展的基础上,镍-钴合金镀层获得了新的研究和应用。简述了电沉积镍-钴合金的沉积原理,重点综述了镍-钴合金镀层主流镀液体系、镀层性能和镀层的最新进展,并对镍-钴纳米复合镀层的发展进行了展望。     

Co-Ni-Cu合金镀层的电沉积机制及性能研究

使用循环伏安曲线和交流阻抗谱,研究了柠檬酸体系中Co-Ni-Cu合金镀层的电沉积机制。同时,研究了电流密度对Co-Ni-Cu合金镀层的表面形貌、成分、结合力、耐磨性及表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:在不同电位下金属离子以不同的状态发生还原,并且钴镍还原反应首先生成吸附性产物M(OH)_(ads),然后在电极表面进一步还原为原子态。当电流密度为3.47 A/dm~2时,Co-Ni-Cu合金镀层形成均匀、细小的晶粒,表面粗糙度最小,结合力与耐磨性最好。     

电沉积镍铁钨纳米晶合金及其表征

在含有FeSO4·7H20、NiSO4·6H2O、Na2WO4·2H2O、Na3C6H5O7·2H2O和YC-4添加剂的溶液中,电沉积制备了不同钨含量的镍铁钨合金,对所得镀层的化学组成、表面形貌、微观结构,显微硬度及耐蚀性进行了表征.随着镍铁钨合金镀层中钨含量的增加,其微观结构由晶态转变为非晶态.钨质量分数为21%的镍铁钨合金镀层表观光亮光滑,具有致密的纳米晶结构,其晶粒尺寸为30～40 nm,即使不通过热处理,也具有很好的显微硬度和耐蚀性.该工艺可望取代传统镀铬工艺.     

TC4合金表面Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的性能

在TC4合金表面分别制备了Cu/micro-WC复合镀层和Cu/nano-WC复合镀层。比较了两种复合镀层的表面形貌、化学成分和显微硬度,同时分析了两种复合镀层的摩擦特性。结果表明:两种复合镀层都由Cu、W、C元素组成,显微硬度都明显低于TC4合金的显微硬度;摩擦试验前后,两种复合镀层表面轮廓曲线的形态都存在明显的不同;与Cu/micro-WC复合镀层相比,Cu/nano-WC复合镀层的表面形貌较好,W元素的质量分数较高,耐磨性较强。     

盐酸介质中镍基合金镀层的电化学腐蚀行为

在含有硫酸镍、钨酸钠和柠檬酸三铵的电解液中获得镍一钨合金电沉积层。在分别含有二甲基胺硼烷和二氧化锆粒子的上述电解液中,电沉积获得Ni—W—B合金和Ni—w—(ZrO2)复合镀层。采用电化学实验方法研究所获得的Ni—W、Ni—W—B和Ni—W—(ZrO2)镀层在盐酸介质中的腐蚀行为,结果表明：所获得的镀层均有较好的耐蚀性;Ni—W和Ni—W—B镀层比Ni—W—(ZrO2)镀层有较好的抗腐蚀能力。     

代铬镀层--Ni-W、Ni-W-B非晶态合金镀层性能研究

通过在浓硝酸、ω=5％NaCl溶液c=1mol/L H2SO4溶液中的浸渍试验,研究了不同基体上的Ni-W非晶态合金镀层的耐蚀性;通过测定在ω=5％ NaCl溶液及c=1mol／1．的HNO3溶液、H2SO4溶液、HCl溶液中的阳极极化曲线,研究了Ni-W非晶态合金镀层薄膜本身的耐蚀性;采用线性极化方法对Ni—W—B非晶态合金镀层在u=5％ Na—Cl溶液、c=1mol／L H2SO4溶液及HNO3溶液中的腐蚀速度进行了测定,并测定了以上2种非晶态合金镀层的硬度与耐磨性.结果表明．非晶态的Ni—W、Ni-W-B镀层比晶态镀层的耐腐蚀性能要好．而Ni—W—B非晶态合金镀层比Ni—W非晶态合金镀层的耐蚀性能又明显提高;经热处理后,Ni—W—B非晶态镀层的硬度值明显高于Ni—W非晶态镀层,耐磨性能都提高了1倍以上Ni—W、Ni—W—B非晶态镀层极有望成为一种比较好的代铬镀层。     

Electrodeposition of Ni-W-B amorphous alloys

Partial polarization curves at the glassy carbon rotating disc electrode have been used to study the electrodeposition of Ni and Ni-W alloy from citrate-containing solution. For deposition of Ni-W alloys, the partial polarization curves indicate diffusion control for nickel reduction and stoichiometric limitation for tungsten deposition by the composition of the alloy. Plating experiments show that current efficiency of the electrodeposition and composition of the resulting alloy depend on the parameters of the electrolysis. The best conditions for electrodeposition of the alloy Ni-W-B are current density of 45–50 mA cm^–2, temperature of 60–70 °C, Ni(II) concentration of 20–25 mm, and pH 8.5. Pulsed galvanostatic plating at 1 Hz increased slightly the current efficiency. The concentration of Ni(II) in the solution can be self-regulated by using a nickel bipolar electrode in the cathode compartment.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ni-W/TiN nanocomposite coating with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance deposited by pulse electrodeposition

To enhance mechanical properties and anti-corrosion capability of Ni-W alloy further, Ni-W/TiN nanocomposite coating has been co-deposited via pulse current co-deposition in this work. The effects of TiN nanoparticles and operating parameters on the structure and properties of the deposited coating were examined. It illustrated that the nanocomposite coatings are uniform, dense and crack-free, exhibiting dome-like or hill-valley like structure. The particles were homogeneously incorporated in the metallic matrix. RTC analysis indicated that the preferred orientation of Ni-W/TiN was (111) texture. The crystallite size was of 10–16 nm, indicating the formation of nanocrystalline structure. TiN concentration, duty cycle and frequency could influence the amount of TiN particle and W element in the coating, then regulating hardness and anti-wear behaviors. The low duty cycle and long deposition time could diminish the roughness of the coating. The inclusion of TiN nanoparticles in the nickel matrix could promote the nucleation of fresh nickel crystals and restrict the growth of already formed nickel grains, favoring the homogeneous growth and grain refinement of Ni-W crystals. The doped TiN particles would favor the preferred orientation (111) plane, enhanced the hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of Ni-W alloy. Electrochemical results illustrated that the best corrosion-resistant properties of the nanocrystalline coating could be obtained at TiN 30 g L⁻¹, duty cycle of 20% and frequency of 60–200 Hz. The enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Ni–W/TiN coating benefits its application in harsh corrosive environment.     

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition of Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposites at various ultrasonic powers

In this study, nanometer-sized γ-Al₂O₃ particles were embedded in nickel matrix to fabricate Ni-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites using ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition (UAED) technique. Influence of ultrasonic power on microstructure, surface morphology, phase structure, and properties of nanocomposites were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness tester, abrasion tester, and electrochemical workstation. Results demonstrate that S-300 nanocomposite had compact, smooth, and fine surface morphology, and Al₂O₃ nanoparticle content in S-300 nanocomposite that was obtained at 300 W had maximum value of 9.87 wt%. Peaks of nickel grains first became broader and then became slightly narrower when ultrasonic power increased from 100 W to 400 W. This illustrates that suitable ultrasonic power (such as 300 W) can obviously refine nickel grains in Ni-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. S-300 nanocomposite had maximum microhardness value of 905.4 Hv. Average wear rate of S-300 nanocomposite was only 18.7 mg/min, and this illustrates that among Ni-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites, S-300 had outstanding wear resistance. S-300 nanocomposite had the smallest corrosion current density of 0.033 μA/mm², demonstrating that S-300 had the best corrosion resistance.     

Effect of BEO in the electrodeposition process of Ni/diamond composite coatings for preparation of ultra-thin dicing blades: Experiments and theoretical calculations

Ni/diamond dicing blades is the main tool for scribe of silicon wafer at present. In order to decrease the width of dicing slot on the wafer, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of blades, and to increase the hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the Ni/diamond composite coatings in the process of electrodeposition. In this paper, 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-butyne (BEO) was used as an organic additive in the composite baths containing nickel amino-sulfonate, nickel chloride, boric acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and diamond particles in sizes of 3–5?µm, in order to improve the properties of Ni/diamond coatings and produce ultra-thin Ni/diamond dicing blades. The textures of Ni/diamond composite coatings were mainly Ni (200) and Diamond (111) since the addition of BEO in the baths inhibited the growth of Ni (111) and Ni (220). Quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that BEO could adsorb at the nickel surface strongly and inhibit the electrodeposition of nickel atoms. With the increase in concentration of BEO in the baths, the cathodic polarization potentials shifted to more negative direction and the thicknesses of the coatings decreased. Adding the appropriate amount of BEO (0.1–0.2?g/L) in the baths, the roughness of the coating decreased the number of individual diamond particles in the coating increased, and the hardness and the wear resistance of the coating was improved. When the thickness of Ni/diamond composite coating on aluminum alloy wheeled substrate was 15?µm, the width of its dicing slot was 22?µm. However, the addition of BEO in the bath cannot change the adhesive wear mechanism of the coating.     

船用柴油机活塞杆表面微粒增强镍基复合镀层的制备及其性能分析

采用电沉积方法,在船用柴油机活塞杆表面分别制备纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层、亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层。分析了三者的显微形貌、晶相结构及磨痕形貌,并测定了硬度。结果表明:与亚微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层和微米微粒增强镍基复合镀层相比,纳米微粒增强镍基复合镀层的外观显得更加光亮,硬度接近5 800 MPa。     

AI2O3溶胶的体积分数对Zn-Ni-AI2O3复合镀层性能的影响

向Zn-Ni合金镀液中加入AI2O3溶胶,获得了Zn-Ni-AI2O3复合镀层。研究了A12O3溶胶的体积分数对镀层的相结构、表面形貌、横截面形貌、显微硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:当A12O3溶胶的体积分数低于6 mL/L时,不会对镀层的相结构产生影响。但当A12O3溶胶的体积分数较高时,会改变镀层的相结构,并影响镀层的致密性。当AI2O3溶胶的体积分数为6 mL/L时,镀层的耐磨性和耐蚀性均最佳。     

Ni-ZrO2复合镀层的腐蚀摩擦学性能研究

用电镀方法制得Ni-ZrO2复合镀层,研究电镀Ni-ZrO2复合镀层的结构以及其硬度、耐磨性、抗腐蚀性与电镀电流密度的关系。结果表明：复合镀层的显微硬度比纯镍镀层硬度成倍提高,复合镀层耐磨性比镍镀层提高20％以上;抗腐蚀性提高70％以上。X射线衍射结果显示,复合镀层由Ni及非晶ZrO2组成。Ni相为面心立方晶体结构,晶格常数为0．353nm,小于纯镍镀层,晶粒尺寸为23．8nm,大于纯镍镀层。