大豆蛋白／棉混纺针织物的漂白工艺

分别采用还原漂白、氧化漂白、酶处理、氧化-还原双漂、还原-氧化双漂和氧-氧双漂等工艺对大豆蛋白/棉混纺针织物进行漂白.采用单因素试验和正交试验,测试了白度、强力和毛效等指标,确定优化漂白工艺为:煮漂(双氧水30 g/L,尿素5 g/L,碳酸钠5 g/L,高效精练剂2 g/L,硅酸钠3 g/L,渗透剂JFC 2 g/L,100 ℃处理90 min)→水洗→烘干→环利粉还原复漂(环利粉20 g/L,碳酸钠5 g/L,渗透剂JFC 2 g/L,95～100℃处理120 min)→水洗→烘干.     

怎么控制漂白温度

温度是漂白过程的一项重要的工艺条件。温度高,次氯酸钙水解生成次氯酸的速度快,可增强漂液的氧化性,同时也增加了漂液对纤维的渗透和扩散作用,因而,漂白速度快。但温度过高,亦会使纤维素受到损伤,降低浆料强度。从下表可见,温度对漂白过程的pH值影响甚大。为避免在中性范围内漂浆,减少对纤维素的损伤,提高浆料强度和稳定白度,防止返黄,控制漂白温度,实在不容忽视。结合我厂的经验,控制卧式漂浆机漂白温度,关键是掌握漂前升温时加热的温度,如最高温度定为40℃,则升温达到35℃时,便可停止加热,由漂白的自身放热反应,可使漂浆温升3—5℃,若加温到40℃才施漂,则漂白温度就会高出要求。     

漂白温度及时间对烧碱-AQ法麦草浆H2O2漂白的影响

探讨了漂白温度及时间对麦草化学浆 Ｈ２ Ｏ２ 漂白的影响。结果表明： 在５０ ～９０ ℃之间, 漂后浆白度随漂白温度的提高而提高, 且出现漂白停滞现象的时间逐渐提前, 适当提高漂白温度或延长漂白时间不会对漂后浆的物理性质带来不利影响。     

亚麻漂白、增白筒子纱加工工艺

针对亚麻漂白、增白品种在其筒子纱加工过程中容易造成霉断、脆损等现象，对其前处理、煮漂、水洗、增白、柔顺处理和烘干工艺进行探讨。结果表明，选择品质优良的原坯纱；煮漂后水洗不进行冰醋酸处理，而增加一次皂洗；控制烘干温度和时间，以保证亚麻纱含水率在10％左右等，可显著提高加工产品的质量。     

影响芦苇中性亚硫酸盐浆次氯酸盐漂白的因素

本文研究了影响中性亚硫酸盐苇浆次氯酸盐漂白的因素，以求达到快速漂白的目的。原浆的硬度高，白度低，次氯酸盐单段漂，难于漂至70％SBD以上的白度；次氯酸盐多段漂，可达到要求的白度，但漂白时间延长；提高温度可加速漂白，但在不加助剂的情况下，不宜超过60℃；提高漂白时的浆浓，可略加快漂白速度，但其主要作用在于节能和减少浆料体积。     

落叶松硫酸盐浆的高温次氯酸盐漂白研究

正交试验结果表明，将常规次氯酸盐多段漂的温度提高至７０℃，严格控制漂白条件，可以制得满足配抄新闻纸要求的半漂硫酸盐木浆。本文提供了实验室条件下的最佳漂白条件及回归方程。     

杉木化学浆过氧化氢漂白的研究

由于环境对含氯漂白剂使用的限制,过氧化氢用于化学浆的漂白越来越受到关注。本文主要讨论了杉木化学浆的H2O2漂白的工艺条件,即漂白时间、温度、H2O2用量对纸浆白度、返黄值、抗张指数、耐折度、撕裂指数的影响。通过对杉木硫酸盐法浆进行三因素三水平正交P段漂和HP两段漂研究,结果表明过氧化氢单段漂的最佳漂白工艺为：漂白时间为2h,漂白温度为90℃,H2O2用量为4．5％,过氧化氢补充漂白的最佳漂白工艺条件为：漂白温度为90℃,时间为1h,H2O2用量为3．5％。     

麦草浆甲醇强化氧气漂白的研究

进行ＡＳ－ＡＱ麦草浆甲醇强化的氧气漂白研究，结果表明：漂前的硫酸预处理是提高氧漂浆质量的重要措施；在实验条件下，甲醇用量和氧气初压是决定漂浆白度的最主要因素；温度对漂浆得率的影响较大；温度太高，将对漂浆白度不利；漂白时间对漂浆白度、得率的作用较小。在选定的６％甲醇、９０℃、８０分钟、０．７ＭＰａ氧气初压的条件下，氧漂浆白度为７３．４％ＳＢＤ；再经１．５％Ｈ２Ｏ２漂白，浆白度达８２％ＳＢＤ，裂断长为     

新型氧漂促活剂TA-116在织物低温、低pH值漂白工艺中的应用

研究了氧漂促活剂TA-116对漂白过程中双氧水用量、漂白时间和温度的影响,确定了使用氧漂促活剂的低温、低pH值漂白工艺.氧漂促活剂TA-116的低温漂白工艺为:75℃,氧漂促活剂0.3 g/L,双氧水稳定剂2 g/L,pH=10.8,浴比1:10,在漂白30 min后加入促活剂续漂10 min.低pH值漂白工艺为:98℃,pH=7,氧漂促活剂0.3g/L,双氧水稳定剂2 g/L浴比1∶10,漂白开始时加入促活剂,漂白40min.冷轧堆漂白工艺为:氧漂促活剂0.3 g/L.pH=10.8,双氧水稳定剂2 g/L-浸-轧,轧余率100%,堆置8 h.和其他常规的双氧水漂白工艺相比,使用氧漂促活剂TA-116可以减少双氧水用量,降低漂白温度以及缩短漂白时间,在低温、短时间的温和条件下就可取得良好的漂白效果,减少纤维强度的损伤,节约能源,降低能耗.     

亚铵苇浆次氯酸盐漂白添加氨基磺酸的试验

本文论述了在亚铵苇浆次氯酸盐漂白中，采用添加氨基磺酸保护剂的方法，提高漂白温度（５５￣６５℃），降低漂白终点ＰＨ值（５．６－６），从而有效地加快了漂白速度、缩短了漂白时间，而且漂后浆的聚合度及各物理性能指标均有所改善。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press