网络视频监控系统在工程项目管理中的应用

数字化、网络化、移动化是视频监控系统的发展方向。本文在分析工程项目监控的特点及需求的基础上,提出了工程项目网络视频监控的系统架构,并进行了系统功能设计。     

Effects of interpersonal relations on public sector construction contracts in Vietnam

Public owners and private contractors and consultants are expected to maintain arm’s length relationships with each other to avoid any accusation of corruption. In the context of public construction projects in Vietnam, this study examines: the relational contracting (RC) related behavioural patterns that lead to better interpersonal relations during the construction stage and at the end of the project among public project owners, and private contractors and consultants; and the extent to which better interpersonal relations affect project performance. Using a questionnaire survey, data were collected from public owners and private contractors and consultants in Vietnam. Correlation analysis shows that there exist several behavioural patterns that significantly affect interpersonal relations among project team members during the construction stage and at the end of the project, and the general harmony during the construction stage. It was also found that cost performance is significantly correlated with project harmony level. Schedule performance is significantly correlated with interpersonal relations between project team members during the construction stage, and at the end of the project. The findings indicate the important role that interpersonal relations play in project outcomes and vice versa. The behavioural patterns that are found to be significantly correlated with harmony during the construction stage and/or relationships among project team members suggest that concrete actions may be taken by owners, consultants and contractors to improve relationships, and thereby improve cost and schedule outcomes. It is recommended that owners, consultants and contractors adopt some of the behavioural patterns identified.     

BIM和RFID在施工安全管理中的集成应用研究

针对施工现场环境复杂多变、工人行为难以监控等问题,通过对施工安全规范和事故案例的调查与分析,对施工现场危险区域进行了定义、识别与分类,进而通过BIM、RFID和网络技术等集成,提出了基于BIM和RFID的施工现场工人实时定位与安全预警系统模型,包括BIM模块、定位模块、数据处理模块、数据传输模块和预警模块,以期望提高施工现场工人安全管理的效率,降低建筑业的事故率。     

全网络数字视频监控系统在实际工程中的应用

随着全网络数字监控系统在楼宇监控、平安城市等大型项目中的广泛应用,相对于传统模拟监控系统而言,基于720P、1080P等超百万像素高清网络数字摄像机的视频监控系统优势明显,所带来的视觉震撼和强大功能是传统模拟视频监控系统无法比拟的。依托于比较成熟的网络技术,全网络数字视频监控系统有效地解决了长距离布线、系统的扩展等问题。本文以百度机房工程为例介绍了其视频安防监控系统实施方案。     

超高层建筑远程质量验收系统的研究与应用

北京绿地中心为超高层工程,施工过程中自主研发并应用了远程质量验收系统,采用以覆盖整体施工区域的无线网络作为传输链路,后端以质量管理中心为管理端结合前端以单兵设备作为采集端的方式,通过远程视频,无线视频传输、与BIM技术协调使用等多种技术手段,进行主要质量管理及沟通指挥工作,解决了现有远程质量验收系统的信号传输问题,提高了工作效率和质量管理水平。     

Collaboration barriers in BIM-based construction networks: A conceptual model

Building information modelling (BIM) teams, hereafter referred to as BIM-based construction networks, are teams whose possibly geographically dispersed members from various organisations and disciplines, perform project tasks on BIM-enabled projects. In recent years, BIM-based construction networks have progressively become the norm in executing BIM activities on projects. However, even though achieving BIM's full capabilities relies on effective collaboration among the team members in BIM-based construction networks, it is still a struggle for these members to collaborate. Nonetheless, only a few studies have been conducted to identify the barriers to strengthening team collaboration in BIM-based construction networks. To address this gap, the current study, by examining 73 journal articles on collaboration in BIM-based construction networks, builds upon a theoretical review of the literature. A conceptual model is presented to capture the main barriers to collaboration in BIM-based construction networks. The study benefits researchers as well as project managers. For researchers, the conceptual model provides an intermediate theory, namely, a theoretical basis to direct further knowledge creation attempts on the topic. In addition, the conceptual model supports project managers on BIM-enabled projects. That is, it simplifies the knowledge now available for practical applications enabling it to be translated into guidelines and practical instructions on real-life projects.     

Integrating resource production and construction using BIM

This paper presents the outcomes of a research and development project carried out at the University of Maribor, Construction IT Centre, with regard to the introduction of a building information model (BIM) and a model based construction process into the operational environment of a construction company. The initiative for the project came from the industry and was performed as a joined effort of the research organization and the construction company. Work was performed in the scope of an industrialized construction environment, with the main aim to integrate mass production prefabrication processes with construction site activities. BIM was used as a link between an enterprise resource planning (ERP) information system that supports manufacturing process and construction object related information, mainly handled by CAD tools. The benefits of this link are presented with regard to project progress monitoring and material flow management.     

Implementing corporate ethics management and its comparison with the safety management system: a case study in Hong Kong

A case study of one general contracting construction organization in Hong Kong was undertaken. The study illustrates the current state of corporate ethics management in the implementation of a corporate code of ethics. The overall process of developing the corporate code of ethics from planning to implementation was investigated. It was found that the corporate management of the organization that was studied adopted a laissez‐faire approach in implementing its code at the project level. This means that there was no formal and unified cross‐organizational plan for implementing the code at the project level. The methods of communicating the corporate code of ethics to the members of the project team were left to the discretion of the individual project manager. The research findings also showed that different project managers adopted different methods of communication to disseminate the corporate code of ethics to members of their project team.     

浅谈深基坑工程监理质量控制要点

阐述了深基坑工程设计、施工过程中容易出现及忽略的问题，从设计方集审查、专业队伍选择、施工方案审查及施工过程监控等方面提出了该类工程的监理控制要点。     

Automated Object Identification Using Optical Video Cameras on Construction Sites

Abstract: Visual recording devices such as video cameras, CCTVs, or webcams have been broadly used to facilitate work progress or safety monitoring on construction sites. Without human intervention, however, both real‐time reasoning about captured scenes and interpretation of recorded images are challenging tasks. This article presents an exploratory method for automated object identification using standard video cameras on construction sites. The proposed method supports real‐time detection and classification of mobile heavy equipment and workers. The background subtraction algorithm extracts motion pixels from an image sequence, the pixels are then grouped into regions to represent moving objects, and finally the regions are identified as a certain object using classifiers. For evaluating the method, the formulated computer‐aided process was implemented on actual construction sites, and promising results were obtained. This article is expected to contribute to future applications of automated monitoring systems of work zone safety or productivity.     

远程数字视频监控技术在建筑施工项目的应用

论述了视频监控技术的发展现状,以及如何采用基于互联网的远程数字视频监控技术实现对远程异地施工项目施工现场的实时监控.结果表明,利用计算机网络实现数字视频监控可使人们能以最简单、最逼真、最安全的方式进行远距离实时监控,以推广该技术的应用.     

无线监测系统在某大桥改造监控中的应用

结合某大桥改造工程,介绍了WDAS无线监测系统及其应用技术。该系统克服了传统的有线监测造价高、抗干扰性差的缺点,采用分布式结构,多台数据采集仪能够组成无线网络进行数据传输,不同的数据传输方式通过灵活配置满足不同的需要。在工程改造施工中,根据监测得到的数据修正理论计算模型,对下一步施工给出指导性建议,确保了工程的施工质量和安全。     

The transformative effect of top management governance choices on project team identity and relationship with the organization — An agency and stewardship approach

This study focuses on the relationship and identity changes within and between a project team and its organization following top management intervention in the context of a large international construction project. The study follows the project-as-practice orientation, examining the actions and behaviors of the project team through participant ethnography in the “praxis” of the project site over its entire duration. The longitudinal case allows the examination of the way the transition process established a new governance culture undermining the initial trust-based one and changed it from a virtual absence of mechanisms toward far more potent mechanisms of control, monitoring, and punishment. Simultaneously, the initial stewardship relationships and collectivist identity of the project team shifted toward agency relationships and individualistic identity. The triggers for the transformation process were identified as CEO succession, project failure, top management intervention driven changes in governance mechanisms, and perception of organizational betrayal of the project team.     

The impact of value diversity on information system development projects

Diversity of personal values among participants in an information system project is typically considered to create harmful team conflict, as do other forms of personal diversity. However, recent research establishes that information and knowledge diversity among project team members contribute to project success, leading one to question accepted thought regarding diversity of values. We model the impact of value diversity on project performance through theoretical layers of diversity, conflict, and teamwork quality. An empirical test supports hypotheses that value diversity adds to both beneficial and detrimental conflict. Project managers should compose teams with diverse project values but must control for potential detrimental effects.     

Monitoring of a strategic partnering process: the Amphion experience

Amphion Consortium was formed with the membership of a number of registered social landlords as an initiative in implementing the Egan agenda which championed long‐term successful partnering as a mechanism for achieving radical change in the construction industry. This was an opportunity to monitor and record the performance of 12 housing development projects and the roles played by a complex team network in contributing to an innovative partnering agreement. Relevant KPIs, benchmarks, a data collection and site monitoring system were developed. A range of workshops, questionnaire surveys, detailed interviews with key project personnel, examination of site meeting notes and feedback reviews were undertaken as research tools to gather data. An attempt was made to identify the softer, qualitative issues that are difficult to grapple with normal numerical data collection methods. A number of takeover bids within a short space of time had a substantial effect on the consortium as well as the research project. Mutual trust, effective communication, a changed mindset from all parties, the quality of the services and commitment of all stakeholders seem to be the key factors that contribute to a successful strategic partnering process.     

医院视频监控建设方案探讨

鉴于医院监控系统越来越成为医院智能化系统的重要组成部分,文章对视频监控系统的发展趋势进行了分析,认为模拟矩阵监控因布线、远程访问不方便、图像质量发展受限、管理维护复杂、扩容不方便、无法与IP应用系统联动等问题基本上被淘汰。而高清、联网、多业务应用融合的IP监控已成主流。通过对业界主要的两种不同架构模式的IP监控系统的深入对比分析,指出网络架构的IP监控模式是目前最为先进的一技术模式,尤其适合高清、联网、应用整合的需求。最后结合在医院监控建设的经验,笔者认为建设医院监控系统不仅要考虑图像的分辨率,而且要考虑一些关键的内在指标:系统的可靠性、数据的安全性、存储的可靠性、使用的方便性、管理维护的简单性、扩容的灵活性等,为医院建设视频监控系统提供参考。     

Development of automated communication of system for managing site information using internet technology

The construction industry is highly fragmented compared with other manufacturing industries. The degree of this fragmentation is unparalleled in any other sector with significant impact on productivity and performance. Many research studies have developed and proposed a number of integrated process models. Unfortunately, they are unable to formalise how communication and information exchange within the construction process can be achieved, without duplication or lost in quality. A move away from the traditional sequential process to reciprocal interdependency processes no doubt place heavy demand on communication and information flow. This problem is widely acknowledged and many of the proposed IT solutions are less practicable to be attractive to practitioners in the industry. Any IT-dependent solution must start with optimisation and better uses of the readily available IT- hard- and software.This paper describes a collaborative research study being undertaken between the University of Teesside and an international contracting organisation based in the UK. The goal of the research is to develop a methodology and a system that will ease and improve communication and exchange of data and information between the construction project team. The paper reports on an IT-based tool for site document management as a first phase of the project. It provides an automated integrated environment for communication, retrieval, storage and distribution of project documents between the construction project team. The structure and development of the system are described with reports of its implementation and performance on the site.     

Project team resilience: The effect of group potency and interpersonal trust

Project teams are likely to work under a high degree of stress and interpersonal demands that usually diminish performance. The ability of a team to prosper in these adverse conditions has been studied using the construct of team resilience, but there is still little knowledge about the determinants of team resilience in a project-based environment. Therefore, we propose a model in which interpersonal trust (i.e., cognition and affect-based trust) and group potency drive the perception of team resilience in project team members. We tested the model in a sample of 214 construction project management team members belonging to 50 teams. Our results suggest that affect-based trust and group potency mediate the relationship between cognition-based trust and project team resilience. We discuss the implications of these results for research on project team resilience and, more generally, how these findings could help enrich the literature on project management.     

Application of WiFi-based indoor positioning system for labor tracking at construction sites: A case study in Guangzhou MTR

For construction management, tracking the locations of construction resources such as labor, materials machinery, and vehicles is important. Some alternative form of location monitoring system is necessary for indoor environments such as tunnels and buildings under construction, because of systematic limitations of the Global Positioning System (GPS). This study investigated the feasibility of a WiFi-based indoor positioning system for construction sites. The system was developed using the fingerprint method of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) from each Access Point (AP). A series of experiments were conducted at a shield tunnel construction site in Guangzhou, China. The results showed that the WiFi-based indoor positioning system was accurate within 5 m of error for that site, thus proving the utility of the system for tracking the approximate locations of labor at construction sites. Additionally, this system could be used for monitoring the locations of other construction resources such as vehicles and materials.     

虚拟施工的BIM应用:三大高校合作项目

越来越多的设施业主要求项目组移交竣工BIM模型,以便用于建筑的运营和维护。根据项目要求的不同,业主可能将竣工模型建立与移交的责任指派给总承包商。因此,施工队伍的各成员不但越来越需要熟悉BIM建模软件的应用,还需熟悉利用可靠的设施信息支持完整BIM的必要业务流程。竣TBIM模型的创建,要求承包商首先要基于建筑师、工程师和顾问等设计师所提供的图纸和信息的基础上,创建建筑,结构和设备模型。这要求承包商的组织机构内要有一名人员具备各与专业设计模型相关的技能和知识。一旦设计模型被创建(或重新创建),承包商可将这些模型用于开发施工用的BIM模型。一个完整的施工模型通常包括:成本估算,施工进度计划、冲突检测与分析以及现场物流。业主对设施管理用竣工模型提出新增要求,包括添加运营和维护用的具体数据。本文所述项目旨在为了更好地了解,在为业主实施BIM的项目上,承包商对项目所起作用的复杂性。为实现此目标,三所大学合作建立了数个校际团队,从每所学校各抽调一名学生分配至三个团队的一个,充当BIM商业建筑项目BIM应用里的承包商角色。本文从两个方面汇报项目的挑战和细节:导师——项目组织、学习目标和策略,学生——项目组织、团队合作过程以及策略。