新型热作模具钢CH75的合金化特点及应用

论述了新型热作模具钢ＣＨ７５的合金化特点，即以ＶＣ作为主要的强化相来提高钢的高温性能。试验结果表明ＣＨ７５钢具有良好的工艺性能和室温及高温性能，特别适宜于制作在７００℃左右工作的高温热作模具。     

热作模具钢CH75的工艺性能研究

研究了热作模具钢ＣＨ７５的工艺性能，实验结果表明：ＣＨ７５钢热塑性较好，具有较小的脱碳敏感性，较高的热稳定性和良好的抗氧化性能；热处理工艺简便易行。     

新型热作模具钢H13的热加工工艺研究

Ｈ１３钢（４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＶ１Ｓｉ）是新型的热作模具钢，可以广泛用于要求高韧性和冷热疲劳抗力，工作温度≤７００℃的热作模具，理论和实践证明，只要正确地实施锻造和热处理常规工艺，Ｈ１３钢的热加工质量具有可靠保证；推广和应用先进的热加工工艺技术，能提高Ｈ１３钢的使用性能和寿命。     

H13热模具钢的热处理与应用

Ｈ１３热模具钢的热处理与应用浙江工具厂（金华３２１０８２）赵步青金华技工学校陈竹仁４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＳｉｖ１（简称Ｈ１３）是新型热模具钢，国外已应用多年，国内使用尚不普遍。实践证明Ｈ１３钢淬透性较高、韧性好，有良好的冷热疲劳性能，使用温度不超过６００℃时其...     

Mn对热作模具钢4Cr3Mo2NiVNb热疲劳性能的影响

采用Ｕｅｄｅｈｏｌｍ法研究热作模具钢４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ和添加１．５％Ｍｎ后该钢的热疲劳性能。结果表明，添加１．５％Ｍｎ后，４Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ２ＮｉＶＮｂ钢的热疲劳抗力有所下降。试验结果同时表明，影响热作模具钢低周热疲劳的主要因素是钢的断裂韧性。     

H—13钢铸造性能的研究

Ｈ－１３钢是近十几年来应用较为广泛的热作模具钢。几何形状复杂的大、中型模具采用铸造方法制作具有显著的经济效益。可是，目前对Ｈ－１３钢的铸造性能缺乏足够的认识，这方面的研究工作也很少见到报道。为推广应用铸造方法生产Ｈ－１３钢热作模具毛坯，对Ｈ－１３钢的铸造性能作了较为系统的研究，并获得了一组有价值的Ｈ－１３钢铸造性能数据，为高质量的Ｈ－１３钢模具的铸造打下了基础。     

4Cr5MoSiV1模具钢锻造工艺

４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＳｉＶ１模具钢锻造工艺１６１２００黑龙江省富裕林业机械厂盛俊杰４ｃｒ５ＭｏＳｉＶ１属高合金热作模具钢，是我国引进美国Ｈ１３钢种而制定的新材料。随着我国模具工业的发展，用其钢代替３Ｃｒ２Ｗ８Ｖ钢制造热挤、压铸模具日益增多。因此，必须制订合理...     

新型热作模具钢CH95热处理工艺探讨

通过热处理工艺与硬度的关系以及组织观察，探讨适合高精锻机工况条件下使用的新型作模具钢ＣＨ９５热处理工艺。研究结果表明，ＣＨ９５钢的最佳热处理工艺为：１１００℃油淬，５８０℃一次回火，６２０℃二次回火。     

国内热作模具钢发展概况

本文分低合金热作模具钢、中合金热作模具钢和高合金热作模具钢叙述主要钢种、成分、热处理工艺、性能和用途，另外，介绍我国近年发展的热作模具用钢。     

QRO 90 Supreme热作模具钢的性能

ＱＲＯ９０Ｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ热作模具钢的性能上海大学（上海２０００６１）施雯刘以宽１前言许多年来，世界上传统的压铸模材料是Ｈ１３钢。其抗回火性能、热稳定性和高温强度有待进一步提高。８０年代中期，瑞典ＵＤＤＥＨＵＭ公司推出了ＱＲＯ９０Ｓｕｐｒｅｍｅ热作模具...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.