人工接种发酵甘蓝工艺条件的优化

为了探究甘蓝人工接种发酵适宜的发酵剂及发酵条件,采用从四川泡菜老汤中分离的植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)、肠膜明串珠菌(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)3种菌以单一和不同配比混合组合成16组组合发酵剂中选出发酵甘蓝时亚硝酸盐含量低、发酵速度快、风味好的发酵剂。结果表明：肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖乳杆菌,其质量比为1:2(nPb:SPc组合),肠膜明串珠菌、戊糖乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌,其质量比为1:1:1(nPb:bC1:SPc组合),此两种组合为较优化发酵剂。应用响应面分析法优化此两种组合发酵剂接种发酵甘蓝的工艺条件。人工接种发酵甘蓝的条件为食盐质量浓度4g/100mL、接种量0.2%、发酵温度25℃。通过主效应分析说明食盐质量浓度对总酸度影响最大,发酵温度次之,接种量对其影响较小。     

小麦酒精糟饲用发酵菌种筛选及其发酵条件优化

以小麦酒精糟为原料,辅以次粉,并以发酵产物中的酸溶蛋白含量为主要评价指标,先采用单因素试验对实验室保存的饲用菌种优化筛选出最佳组合,进而优化发酵底物配比及固态发酵条件(菌液接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间)。在单因素试验的基础上,再采用响应面优化其固态发酵条件。以乳酸菌R-02与枯草芽孢杆菌KG109混菌发酵效果最优;发酵基质最佳配比为:小麦酒精糟38%,次粉62%;最佳固态发酵条件为:菌液添加量1.22%,发酵温度33.45℃,发酵时间6.78 d。在此条件下,发酵产物酸溶蛋白为4.33%。经优化后的发酵小麦酒精糟,饲用品质得到显著的改善。     

乳酸菌发酵冬瓜汁饮料的最佳工艺条件研究

用正交试验法研究乳酸菌发酵冬瓜汁饮料的最佳工艺条件及风味物质对冬瓜汁接种发酵的影响,探讨了不同菌种配比、发酵温度和发酵时间等条件及添加乳糖和红辣椒等风味物质对乳酸菌发酵冬瓜汁饮料的影响。结果表明,乳酸菌发酵冬瓜汁饮料的最佳工艺参数组合为:菌种配比(保加利亚乳杆菌∶植物乳杆菌)为1∶1,发酵温度为35℃,添加1.00%乳糖和1.50%辣椒并发酵2d。     

固态发酵法生产发酵豆粕的研究

采用米曲霉(A3.042)和啤酒酵母混合菌株固态发酵法生产发酵豆粕,利用霉菌产生的多种酶系,降解其中的纤维素及蛋白质等物质,利用酵母菌合成菌体蛋白。研究了发酵料坯组成、接种菌配比、接种量及发酵温度对发酵豆粕中蛋白质含量的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件:即最适温度28℃,发酵料坯组成100∶6(豆粕/麸皮),接种菌配比为1∶3(米曲霉/酵母),接种量6%,发酵时间为72h。发酵豆粕中粗蛋白含量可达49.10%,比原料中增加12.1%。     

响应面法优化芝麻粕发酵制备芝麻多肽的研究

以芝麻粕为原料,选用枯草芽孢杆菌、啤酒酵母和黑曲霉为发酵菌种,通过固态发酵确定了生产芝麻多肽的最优二元复合菌及其配比。采用Plackett-Burma试验筛选出了对最优组合菌种发酵生产芝麻多肽有显著影响的因素,即发酵温度、发酵时间和接种量。用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域,并运用三因素三水平响应面试验对最优组合菌种发酵生产芝麻多肽的工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,芝麻粕固态发酵的最佳条件为:培养基含水量30%,麸皮含量10%,黑曲霉和啤酒酵母接种比例1∶1,接种量19.69%,发酵温度34.50℃,发酵时间36.11 h。在此条件下,芝麻多肽含量为7.12%。     

胡萝卜、番茄复合果醋酿造工艺的研究

以胡萝卜和番茄为原料,选用ZHK-I葡萄酒酵母、醋酸杆菌作为发酵菌种进行液体发酵酿造胡萝卜、番茄复合果醋,对原汁配比、酒精发酵、醋酸发酵及果醋澄清等工艺进行研究,确定最佳加工工艺参数。结果表明:胡萝卜与水的配比为1∶2,番茄与水的配比为1∶1,胡萝卜汁、番茄汁最佳混合体积比为1∶1;酒精发酵的最佳条件为:发酵温度32℃、pH4.0、糖度16%、接种量5%;醋酸发酵的最佳条件为:发酵温度32℃、酒度8%、接种量6%;壳聚糖添加量为0.08%时,澄清效果较佳,透光率可达95.6%。     

微生物发酵生产高蛋白多肽菜籽粕的研究

以菜籽粕为原料,以菜籽粕粗蛋白质含量和多肽含量为评价指标,通过植物乳酸菌、黑曲霉菌、枯草芽孢杆菌的单菌发酵和混菌发酵实验,进行最佳菌种组合和发酵条件的研究。结果表明:单菌发酵黑曲霉菌效果最好,菜籽粕粗蛋白质含量和多肽含量分别为38.4%和3.682%;混菌发酵最佳菌种组合为植物乳酸菌、黑曲霉菌、枯草芽孢杆菌,其接种量分别为4%、6%、6%,优化发酵条件为水料比1.7∶1、34℃下发酵48 h。在上述条件下菜籽粕粗蛋白质含量和多肽含量分别为42.5%和7.86%,硫甙含量降至21.637μmol/g、植酸含量为0.27%、单宁含量为0.41 mg/g,得到高蛋白、多肽、低毒的菜籽粕饲料。     

混菌固态发酵生产菜籽肽工艺条件优化

以肽得率、氮溶解指数和硫苷降解率为指标,通过单因素试验初步得到枯草芽孢杆菌与雅致放射毛霉混菌固态发酵生产菜籽肽的发酵条件,再根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法进一步优化混菌发酵条件,确定最佳工艺条件为：枯草芽孢杆菌与雅致放射毛霉同时接种,两菌接种体积比4:1、发酵温度32.1℃、发酵时间4.64d,此条件下菜籽肽得率为9.85%,硫苷降解率为67.83%。     

回酒发酵法香蕉醋增香工艺研究

采用回酒酒精发酵与醋酸发酵组合工艺,在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验:结果表明:酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件是接种量为果汁的10%的酒母,初始糖度16%,发酵温度为28℃,发酵时间为3d.回酒发酵时原洒液:果汁按1:4的比例混合较好;醋酸发酵的最佳工艺是初始酒精度为12%vol,醋酸菌接种量为7%,摇床转速(通风量)190r/min,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间为4d.采用回酒发酵与醋酸发酵组合,可以获得香气更加浓郁的香蕉醋.     

添加植物乳杆菌的发酵乳生产工艺研究

本研究以添加植物乳杆菌开发新品种发酵乳为目的,通过采用单因素和正交试验设计,对影响发酵乳生产工艺的菌种配比、接种量、发酵温度及发酵时间等主要因素进行了优化组合实验。以发酵乳的感官评分为标准,参考酸度和活菌数指标对产品进行综合评分。本研究确定了最佳生产工艺条件为:发酵温度41℃、发酵时间4h、接种量9%、菌种配比1∶1.5。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press