蓝莓叶总黄酮提取物的定性分析和抗油脂氧化

目的：以80%乙醇为溶剂从蓝莓叶中提取黄酮类化合物,对其进行定性分析和抗油脂氧化能力的研究。方法：以显色反应和紫外-可见吸收光谱对其定性分析,以猪油和大豆卵磷脂制备的脂质体为对象研究蓝莓叶总黄酮的抗氧化活性。结果：蓝莓叶提取物属于黄酮类,蓝莓叶总黄酮对猪油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系,以添加质量分数0.4%精制蓝莓叶总黄酮抗氧化效果最佳,略次于0.02%BHT;另外抗坏血酸和柠檬酸对蓝莓叶总黄酮具有明显的协同抗氧化作用。蓝莓叶总黄酮对脂质体过氧化有显著的抑制作用,并且高于抗坏血酸对脂质体过氧化的抑制作用,蓝莓叶精制总黄酮的IC50为67.46μg/mL,蓝莓叶粗总黄酮的IC50为121.65μg/mL。结论：蓝莓叶总黄酮是较好的天然抗氧化剂。     

野玫瑰色素对油脂的抗氧化作用

以猪油和菜籽油作为底物,采用烘箱贮藏法测定油脂的POv值,研究野玫瑰天然色素时油脂的抗氧化活性,结果表明,野玫瑰色素具有一定的抗油脂氧化能力,当色素的添加量分别为猪油和菜籽油质量的0.03%和0.02%时.效果最好,而且柠檬酸与抗坏血酸对色素的抗氧化性有协同增效作用,抗坏血酸的协同作用更好.     

生姜复合抗氧化剂对油脂的抗氧化特性

以生姜提取物为主要原料,另取茶叶提取物、荸荠皮提取物、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸等组合为二组分的生姜复合抗氧化剂.通过抑制亚油酸氧化、对食用油的抗氧化性的测定比较,不同组成牛姜复合物都有抗油脂氧化的能力,且复合物一般强于单一组分;抗油脂氧化能力最强的二组分的组成为:生姜提取物和茶叶提取物,最佳质量配比为1.35:1.当该天然生姜复合抗氧化剂的使用量为0.18%时,抗油脂氧化的能力明显强于合成的抗氧化剂BHT和PG.     

油樟叶多糖抗油脂氧化作用的研究

采用蒽酮-硫酸法测定油樟叶总多糖含量,采用烘箱贮藏法测定油樟叶总多糖抗猪油和菜籽油氧化作用。结果表明,采用蒽酮-硫酸法测得油樟叶中总多糖含量为24.9 mg/g;油樟叶粗多糖对猪油和菜籽油均具有较好抗氧化作用,且呈浓度依赖性;0.20%添加量的油樟叶粗多糖对猪油的抗氧化作用与0.02%BHT相当;0.50%添加量的油樟叶多糖对菜籽油抗氧化作用相当于0.02%BHT;BHT对油樟叶多糖抗猪油和菜籽油氧化作用均有协同增效作用;油樟叶多糖抗猪油氧化作用强于菜籽油。油樟叶多糖具有抗油脂氧化作用,BHT对其有协同增效作用。     

玄参多糖体外清除自由基和抗氧化作用的研究

采用超声波辅助-热水提取玄参多糖,通过脱脂、除色素、除脱蛋白、醇沉等步骤纯化得到部分纯化的玄参多糖,研究了部分纯化的多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)、亚硝酸盐(NO2-)的清除作用和对油脂氧化的抑制作用,并与抗坏血酸对照品进行比较.结果表明:部分纯化的玄参多糖对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基以及亚硝酸盐具有不同程度的清除能力,清除效果与多糖浓度均呈现一定的量效关系,对油脂具有抗氧化作用,对植物油的抗氧化能力强于抗坏血酸.     

荸荠皮提取物对食用油脂抗氧化作用研究

采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值为评价指标,研究了荸荠皮提取物对食用油脂的抗氧化作用。结果表明:0.2%荸荠皮提取物对猪油、大豆油、菜籽油均具有一定的抗氧化作用;0.2%荸荠皮提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用弱于0.2%抗坏血酸,强于0.2%柠檬酸,8 d前的抗氧化效果强于0.2%BHT;0.2%、0.6%、1.2%、1.8%荸荠皮提取物对猪油的抗氧化作用呈剂量-效应关系;0.1%荸荠皮提取物分别与0.1%抗坏血酸、0.1%柠檬酸、0.1%酒石酸复配对猪油的抗氧化性有协同增效作用。     

板栗壳天然色素对油脂抗氧化作用的研究

以猪油和花生油作为底物,采用烘箱贮藏法测定油脂的 POV值,研究板栗壳天然色素对油脂的抗氧化活性,结 果表明,板栗壳色素具有一定的抗油脂氧化能力,当色素 的添加量分别为猪油和花生油质量的0.03％和0.01％时, 效果最好,而且柠檬酸与抗坏血酸对色素的抗氧化性有 协同增效作用,柠檬酸的协同作用更好,同时添加质量分 数0.005％的柠檬酸和0.03％与0.01％的色素,对猪油和花 生油的抗氧化效果可与0.02％的BHT媲美。     

藜蒿中黄酮类物质抗氧化作用的研究

采用Rancimat法对藜蒿提取物的抗氧化作用进行了探讨。研究表明:藜蒿提取物对油脂具有明显的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系;在乳化体系中提取物的抗氧化效果比在油体系中强;提取物与BHT、PG相比较,提取物浓度达0.10%时的抗氧化活性超过0.02%BHT,而小于0.02%PG;柠檬酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸对藜蒿提取物表现出较强的协同增效作用。     

月季花色素的初步提纯及抗油脂过氧化性研究

月季花色素经大孔树脂AB-8初步提纯后，以大豆色拉油为底物，采用生化培养箱于40℃下保温，通过测定过氧化值和丙二醛含量，研究月季花色素对大豆色拉油的抗氧化活性。结果表明，月季花色素能降低大豆色拉油的过氧化值和丙二醛含量，具有一定的抗油脂过氧化能力．当色素的添加量为大豆色拉油的0.02％和0.04％时效果最好．而且柠檬酸与月季花色素对抗氧化性能有明显的协同增效作用。     

抗氧化剂对蘑菇酱抗氧化性能的影响

采用schhal烘箱法,以过氧化值和酸价为指标研究了不同抗氧化剂对蘑菇酱抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:相同添加量下,TBHQ对蘑菇酱抗氧化效果最好,但是0.02%TBHQ抗氧化效果不如0.015%TBHQ和0.005%BHT复配的抗氧化剂,抗坏血酸和柠檬酸均对复合抗氧化剂有较强的抗氧化协同增效作用,抗坏血酸的抗氧化协同增效作用优于柠檬酸。因此选用0.01%Vc+0.015%TBHQ+0.005%BHT作为蘑菇酱的抗氧化剂,可使蘑菇酱在20℃条件下的贮藏时间从256 d延长到576 d。     

Comparative analyses of total phenols,flavonoids, saponins and antioxidant activity in yellow soy beans and mung beans

Total phenol, flavonoid and saponin content of soy bean and mung bean were systemically compared in order to evaluate their contribution to overall antioxidant activity. Mung bean extract possessed significantly higher total phenol (2.03 GAE g^?1 vs. 1.13 GAE g^?1) and flavonoid contents (1.49 GAE g^?1 vs. 0.41 CAE g^?1) than soy bean extract, while the saponin content of the soy beans was 4.5 times greater than that of the mung beans. In several antioxidant assays including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, FRAP, SOD‐like activity, and a β‐carotene bleaching assay, mung bean extract consistently showed significantly greater antioxidant activity than soy bean extract. The specific antioxidant activity, which was evaluated at the same phenolic content suggested that the phenolic compounds present in the mung bean extract were not only of greater quantity but also had better quality to eliminate radicals. The radical scavenging activities of saponins were only marginal.     

不同大豆制品中大豆异黄酮含量的比较研究

大豆异黄酮是一类具有重要生物活性的化合物,在大豆及其制品中含量丰富。本实验采用乙醇热回流提取法研究大豆及其制品中异黄酮含量。结果表明:样品加标回收率大于99%,说明该方法适用于大豆样品异黄酮含量的测定;大豆及其制品中异黄酮含量的大小顺序依次为:大豆>豆浆>豆腐脑>卤水豆腐>腐竹>白豆干>豆腐皮>油豆腐>脆豆皮,表明加工工艺会影响大豆异黄酮的含量。     

Functional attributes of soybean seeds and products,with reference to isoflavone content and antioxidant activity

The concentrations of isoflavones, especially daidzein and genistein, were determined by high performance liquid chromatography in 4 soybean cultivars and 26 soybean products. The total isoflavone content of the soybean cultivars was in the range of 525–986 mg per kg, and for soy products it was 32.9–795 mg per kg. Amongst the soybean products, the isoflavone content decreased in the order: soy sprouts, soy seeds, soy flour, soy milk, soy meals and soy sauce. Significant differences in the concentration of genistein and daidzein were observed between the commercial soy products and also within the soybean cultivars. The antioxidant activity of soybean and soy products correlated well with total phenolic content (TPC) and total isoflavones (TI), whereas TPC showed higher correlation with TI.     

Inhibition of protein and lipid oxidation by rapeseed, camelina and soy meal in cooked pork meat patties

In this study protein-containing by-products of deoiling processes rich in phenolics were applied to meat to be used as potential food ingredients in developing meat products with antioxidant effect. The effect of rapeseed meal (Brassica rapa L.), camelina meal (Camelina sativa), soy meal and soy flour (from soybean, Glycene max L.), in inhibiting oxidation of lipids and proteins was tested in cooked pork meat patties. A commercial CO₂ extract from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) was used as a reference material alone and in combination with the other plant materials. The cooked pork meat with added plant materials was oxidized for 10 days at 5 °C under light. The oxidation was followed by measuring the formation of hexanal, pentanal and propanal by headspace gas chromatography and the formation of protein carbonyls by converting them to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones (DNPH). Rapeseed meal (0.5 and 0.7 g/100 g meat) and camelina meal (0.7 g/100 g meat) as such and their combination (addition of 0.5 g/100 g) with rosemary extract (0.04 g/100 g) were effective antioxidants toward both protein and lipid oxidation while soy meal and flour were effective only in combination with rosemary extract.     

COMPOSITIONAL,NUTRITIONAL AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF MEALS,FLOURS AND CONCENTRATES FROM NAVY AND KIDNEY BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris)1

The compositional, nutritional value and functional properties of navy and kidney bean meals, high protein flours and concentrates were compared to commercial soy products. Navy and kidney concentrates contained similar quantities of protein and higher quantities of lipid, starch and ash than the soy concentrate. Gel strength, emulsification capacity and foaming properties of the three concentrates were similar, while the navy and kidney concentrate proteins were more soluble than the commercial soy product. Digestibilities of the bean products were not significantly different, except for the kidney concentrate which had a slightly higher digestibility. Electrophoresis of the meal, flour and concentrate proteins revealed slight differences in the protein distribution. Isoelectric precipitation decreased the amount of phytohemagglutinin in the navy concentrate in comparison to the meal and flour.     

黄豆酱油与黑豆酱油抗氧化活性及风味物质的比较

本文研究了相同工艺下,黄豆、黑豆两种蛋白原料制备传统高盐稀态酱油的差异。比较两种酱油基本成分及抗氧化活性的差异,并利用顶空-固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析两种酱油挥发性风味物质。结果表明,黑豆酱油总氮、氨基态氮、还原糖等显著高于黄豆酱油(p0.05),黄豆酱油鲜味氨基酸含量更高。黑豆酱油抗氧化活性高于黄豆酱油,相关性分析表明总酚、总黄酮及类黑精是酱油抗氧化活性的重要物质基础。两种酱油挥发性风味物质种类及含量差异显著(p0.05),共鉴定出98种物质,黄豆酱油、黑豆酱油总风味物质种类分别有63种、59种,总峰面积分别为297.6×10~7、213.6×10~7。综合分析表明黄豆酱油醇香突出,黑豆酱油醇、酯及醛酮类主要挥发性成分较均衡,风味协调。     

长期贮藏大豆分离蛋白溶解性下降原因探讨——大豆分离蛋白中微量油脂氧化的影响

为了探寻大豆分离蛋白(SPI)在长期贮藏过程中溶解性不断下降的原因,文中研究了SPI中微量油脂存在的影响。制备了SPI、含2%未氧化大豆油SPI和含2%氧化大豆油的SPI 3组样品,采用真空包装,在贮藏12周过程中定期测定样品的溶解度、蛋白羰基、表面巯基、总巯基以及自由氨基等性质。结果表明:在贮藏过程中所有SPI的溶解性均有不同程度的降低,其中含油脂氧化的样品SPI溶解度的下降最快且溶解度最低。3组样品在贮藏期间的羰基、总巯基、自由氨基含量变化几乎无差别,但空白SPI的表面自由巯基含量始终高于含有未氧化大豆油的SPI和含氧化大豆油的SPI(P<0.05)。说明大豆蛋白贮藏期间发生了氧化反应,氧化油脂可以促进溶解度下降的加速,但是氧化油脂本身不是导致蛋白质氧化的唯一影响因素,导致大豆蛋白贮藏过程溶解度下降的原因比较复杂,需要进一步深入研究。     

Comparative Analysis of the Physico-Chemical,Thermal, and Oxidative Properties of Winged Bean and Soybean Oils

To explore possible food applications, the oxidative stability, antioxidants contents (tocopherols and tocotrienols), thermal properties, and solid fat content of winged bean oil were investigated along with soybean oil for comparison. Results showed that winged bean oil was significantly (p < 0.05) resistant to oxidation (27 h) compared to soybean oil (9 h) heated at 110^oC for 32 h, due presumably to the presence of alpha tocotrienol and the high behemic acid content. The high content of tocopherols, 230 mg/100 g in soybean oil did not contribute much to its oxidation stability. At around 25^oC, winged bean oil contained about 15% solid fat content with <1% in soybean oil. Soybean oil, however, had better levels of the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids with a ratio of 7.6:1, falling within the range of 5:1 and 10:1 recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization, when compared to winged bean oil having a ratio of 34.4:1. The positional fatty acids esterified as stearoyl, palmitoyl, behemoyl or lignoceroyl triacylglycerides species, PSP, PPP, PLB, POB and SSlg+PBP overwhelmed the unsaturated FAs of winged bean oil for free radical reaction and also conferred it high thermal conductivity. The high oxidative stability, solid fat content, and thermal conductivity of winged bean oil coupled with its crystalization characteristics confirmed it to be good material for frying and for making zero-trans-fat margarines and spreads.     

也谈豆腐乳下脚料酿造酱油

研究探索了利用豆腐生产下脚料在酿造酱油中的新的处理工艺与利用方式。利用麸皮与豆腐渣拌和,代替豆粕与豆腐渣拌和蒸料的新方式以及探索利用多菌种制曲和使用酶制剂提高利用率的可行性。利用黄泔水直接淋油,毛花卤拌曲,解决黄泔水、毛花卤利用上的新方式。