原油降凝剂PVMO的合成及其性能评价

根据降凝剂的作用机理，采用溶剂法合成了一种原油降凝剂－－甲基丙烯酸高碳酸酯－马来酸高碳醇酯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。用该矣合物对江汉原油，大庆原油和馏分油进行了降凝实验。结果表明，它对原油的降凝效果较好。当ＰＶＭＯ的加量的为０．３％时，大庆原油的凝固点可降低１８℃，江汉原油可降低１４℃。     

高凝原油降凝剂的合成及复配性能研究

根据高凝原油组成以及降凝剂对原油的感受性确定了合成降凝剂的高碳醇的碳数,以丙烯酸和C18～C22混合醇为原料,合成丙烯酸高碳醇酯,得到三种聚合物:丙烯酸酯自聚物(AM),丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯(AMV)和丙烯酸酯-醋酸乙烯酯-苯乙烯(AVS)。比较了三种聚合物的降凝效果,选出AVS考察其合成条件并且与常用降凝剂EVA进行复配。实验结果表明:丙烯酸酯、醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯最佳配比为1∶1∶0.5,引发剂用量为1.2%,单体质量浓度30%,反应时间为7h时,三元共聚物AVS与EVA的复配物CPR可以使魏岗原油凝固点降低10℃,防蜡率达到40.62%。     

胺解聚合物型原油降凝剂的合成及应用

通过丙烯酸高碳酯与马来酸酐、醋酸乙烯酯、苯乙烯共聚后进行不同系列胺解得到一系列新型高蜡原油降凝剂。考察了该类降凝剂对大庆高蜡原油和尼尔阿曼混合原油的降凝效果。结果表明，胺解聚合物型原油降凝剂具有较好的原油降凝性能，降凝幅度最高达到27℃；同时，测定了加剂温度对降凝剂降凝效果的影响，结果发现，当加剂温度高于原油析蜡温度时，降凝剂的降凝效果才能充分显现出来。     

聚合物型原油降凝剂的结晶性能研究

摘要: 采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪对聚合物的合成特征基团进行了表征，并采用X射线衍射仪对不同型号蜡及降凝剂的结晶性能进行了分析测试，结果表明蜡晶与聚合物的结晶性能密切相关，结晶度不同，蜡晶分散效果不同，对原油降凝性能也就有所区别，当两者结晶性能状态匹配时蜡晶分散效果变好，降凝降粘性能最佳，并通过考察原油体系热性能和低温流动性能进行了证实。     

聚合物型原油降凝剂的作用机理及应用

介绍了聚合物原油降凝剂的种类、作用机理、筛选和评价方法及其在国内外的应用     

新型纳米降凝剂在含蜡原油的应用研究

对含蜡原油添加纳米和GY-2降凝剂的静态和动态稳定性进行研究,获得的新型纳米降凝剂在降凝、降黏及时效稳定性等方面优于目前管道使用的GY-2降凝剂;将新型纳米降凝剂进行现场试验,并与GY-2降凝剂进行对比,获得纳米降凝剂对含蜡长庆原油的降凝、降黏效果良好,经过二次热处理后油品物性稳定,经复杂热历史和剪切历史后纳米降凝剂对含蜡原油的各项指标均优于GY-2降凝剂,且具有5℃的节能空间;获得不同加剂量增加后的优势主要体现在二次加热温度及原油长时稳定性。     

原油添加降凝剂的室内研究

本文介绍大港油田对南一站、滨海站、板836、板836-3等原油分别进行了添加降凝剂后的流变性试验,指出了实验条件及影响降凝效果的因素。试验研究表明:采用添加降凝剂,可以改善原油的低温流动性能,为油田实现原油常温输送提供科学依据。     

Some biosurfactants used as pour point depressant for waxy egyptian crude oil

Two bacteria (B1 and B2) were isolated from soil-contaminated sites. The surface properties of biosurfactants produced by these bacteria were determined. These bacteria were given a good resistance to NaCl concentration up to 20%. The surface activity was detected with maximum value at pH7 with B1, whereas B2 was not affected by the change pH (3–12). The biosurfactants of these bacteria were added as a mixture or individual to crude oil given the good result in reducing the pour point. The infrared spectrum of wax or asphaltene fractions of Egyptian crude oil untreated and treated with biosurfactants was detected.     

锦州高含蜡原油降凝剂的筛选及现场应用

锦州原油高含蜡量高,凝点普遍在20℃以上,低温流动性差。为了保证冬季的安全输送,对实验室内开发研制的G5系列降凝剂进行了筛选,得到降凝效果最好的G51,并对影响其降凝效果因素进行了分析研究。实验结果表明,最佳加剂温度为60℃,合理的加剂浓度为400mg／L,可使原油的凝点由原来的22℃降至13℃,并且降凝剂具有良好的静态稳定性和配伍性,能保证管道的安全运行。     

柴油降凝剂对柴油感受性的影响分析

在柴油中加入降凝剂是一项提高轻油收率、增加经济效益的成熟技术.该技术在国内多家炼油企业的实际应用结果表明,对拓宽馏程、提高柴油的产量和质量、增加经济效益的效果显著.文中对降凝剂的加入量、储存安定性等影响因素做了研究分析.     

Application of bayesian regularized artificial neural networks to predict pour point of crude oil treated by pour point depressant

The pour point of the crude oil treated with the pour point depressant (PPD) is easily affected by the shear history effect. Models for pour point of PPD-treatment crude oil affected by the shear history effect based on Bayesian regularized artificial neural network (BRANN) were established. The results showed that BRANN models not only had a good ability of fitting to the training data, but also had a good ability of predicting the testing data. By evaluating network performance with several statistical indicators, the three models have excellent performance, high accuracy, and strong generalization ability. The influence of each parameter on the pour point were also investigated through a sensitivity analysis, which shows that the entropy generation due to viscous flow is the most important parameter in predicting the pour point.     

江汉原油降凝剂的制备及其性能研究

利用溶液聚合反应合成了一系列丙烯酸酯类高蜡原油降凝剂,并对其降凝效果进行研究。研究结果表明：采用摩尔配比为6：3：1的丙烯酸十八酯,马来酸酐和醋酸乙烯酯组成的混合单体制备的三元聚合物高蜡原油降凝剂MVA-3对江汉原油具有明显的降凝效果,在加剂量为1000mg／kg时,可以使江汉原油的凝点降低12℃。高蜡原油降凝剂MVA-3能够同原油中的胶质和沥青质有效结合,可以降低原油中固有的胶质一沥青质聚集体在原油中的析出温度,改变原油中蜡的结晶方式,降低蜡结晶析出温度和蜡结晶析出速度,并能减少原油中蜡的析出总量。     

潍北高凝点原油降凝降黏剂的研制

实验室自制的三元共聚物AMV-22与EVA复配,添加SLA-107作助剂,制备适用于胜利油田潍北区块高凝点原油的降凝剂AMVES。实验考察了该降凝剂对原油的降凝降黏效果。DSC热分析结果表明,AMVES加量为1000 mg/L时,可使原油凝点从48℃降低到37℃,析蜡点降低2℃。流变性曲线表明原油的剪切稀释作用随温度升高显著增强,当剪切速率大于100 s^-1后黏度基本不变,降凝剂可以大幅降低启动原油的屈服应力。偏光显微镜图显示原油温度越低,蜡晶网状结构越致密,交联度强,黏度大,流动性差;加AMVES之后原油中蜡晶变为团簇状颗粒,原油的流动性增强。由此可见降凝剂AMVES作用于蜡晶使其三维网状结构破坏,从而有效降低原油凝点和黏度。     

Effect of drag reducer and pour point depressant on the wax deposition of crude oil pipeline

In this paper, the data of wax precipitation before and after the addition of the additives showed that the addition of the drag reducing agent (DRA) and the pour point depressant (PPD) cannot change the wax appearance temperature (WAT) of crude oil. When the dosage of DRA is small, the DRA cannot increase, stop, or slow down the precipitation of wax crystals. The addition of PPDs has no influence on the amount of precipitated wax crystals. From the GPC analysis, the molecular weight of the wax deposit samples in Linpu pipeline is from 500 to 76,800, which indicates that there is no enrichment of DRA in wax deposit samples. The results of IR show that the C?O group was not detected in the wax deposit sample of the Wei Jing pipeline, which indicates that there is no enrichment of the PPDs in wax deposit samples. The results showed that the DRA and PPD have no obvious effect on crude oil pipeline wax deposition.     

国内原油降凝剂研究概况

介绍了目前我国原油降凝剂应用现状、研究成果和应用的种类,综述了降凝剂的工作机理,并对今后研究提出了建议:加强降凝剂机理研究,开发适用范围更大的新型降凝剂,研究低温降凝剂,降凝剂研究应与输油工艺紧结合等。