三种有机成核剂成核聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用DSC研究了聚丙烯（PP）和三种有机成核剂成核的PP在不同的降温速率下的非等温结晶动力学。用Avrami对DSC的测试结果进行了分析。结果表明,三种有机透明成核剂能显著提高PP的结晶温度和结晶速率。可以用修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny法来处理三种有机成核剂成核PP的非结晶等温结晶行为,处理结果表明：三种有机成核透明成核剂成核PP的半结晶时间减少,结晶动力学常数(Zc)增加,结晶速率增加;松香型成核剂能最快提高PP的结晶速率;同一降温速率下,三种有机成核透明剂成核PP的n值较纯PP减少,结晶成核方式发生了改变。     

松香型成核剂成核聚丙烯的非等温结晶动力学研究

采用 DSC 法研究了聚丙烯(PP)和松香型成核剂成核 PP 在不同的降温速率下的非等温结晶动力学。采用修正的 Avrami 方程对 DSC 的测试结果进行了分析。结果表明,松香型成核透明剂和分散剂能显著提高 PP 的结晶温度,用 Jeziorny 法来处理松香型成核 PP 的非结晶等温结晶行为是较为吻合的。加入松香型成核透明剂和分散剂后,PP 的半结晶时间减少,结晶动力学常数 Z_c 增加,结晶速率增加;同一降温速率,松香型成核透明剂和分散剂成核PP 的 n 值较纯 PP 减少,说明结晶成核方式发生了改变。     

透明成核剂对聚丙烯的非等温结晶行为的影响

采用热分析方法研究了透明成核剂TM-3对聚丙烯(PP)非等温结晶行为的影响,并与纯PP样品作了比较.结果表明,TM-3能够提高聚丙烯的结晶温度12℃左右;分别采用了Avrami和莫志深方法对非等温结晶过程作了分析处理;对含有成核剂的PP样品的非等温结晶行为分析显示,成核剂的加入改变了聚丙烯的结晶行为,使其成核与结晶生长过程复杂化.     

新型β成核剂NA对聚丙烯等温结晶行为的影响

合成了一种新型酰胺类β成核剂NA,该成核剂能明显提高聚丙烯的结晶速率,促进聚丙烯结晶。利用广角X射线衍射仪(WXRD)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和偏光显微镜(POM)研究了成核剂NA对聚丙烯结晶性能和结晶形态的影响。结果表明,当成核剂质量分数为0.5%时,β晶的相对含量为46.3%。Avrami方程研究表明,聚丙烯复合材料呈现明显的异相成核特征。     

聚丙烯成核剂研究进展

介绍了聚丙烯成核剂的种类及其对聚丙烯结晶性能的影响；对国内外聚丙烯成核剂的研究进展和应用前景进行丁综述。     

成核剂改性聚丙烯技术

分析了添加成核剂的改性效果,介绍成核剂的种类,分析了添加成核剂后聚丙烯性能的改变,还简单介绍了目前研究热点β成核剂。     

不同成核剂成核聚丙烯的结晶行为与力学性能

制备了６种成核剂成核聚丙烯（ＰＰ）母料研究了成核母料和成核母料／ＰＰ的结晶,熔融行为,力学性能和透明性等物理性能,不同成核在成核母材料和成核母料／ＰＰ中对ＰＰ的结晶与熔融行为以及性能有不同的作用,观察到成核型Ａ成核ＰＰ具有较高的结晶温度与综合性能,而成核剂Ｂ成核ＰＰ的透明性较好。     

β成核剂改性均聚PP非等温结晶动力学研究

用差示扫描量热法对均聚聚丙烯(PPH)和添加β成核剂的PPH(β-PPH)的非等温结晶过程进行了研究,并分别用修正Avrami方程的Jeziorny法、Ozawa法及莫志森法处理非等温结晶过程。结果表明:Jeziorny法和莫志森法均能很好描述PPH和β-PPH的非等温结晶动力学;而采用Ozawa法分析PPH和β-PPH的非等温结晶过程效果不理想。     

两种羧酸盐成核剂的制备及其对聚丙烯的成核效果研究

合成了两种具有相似化学结构的聚丙烯（iPP）α晶型成核剂二环［2.2.1］庚⁃5⁃烯⁃2,3⁃二羧酸钠（NA₁）和二环［2.2.1］庚烷⁃2,3⁃二羧酸钠（NA₂）,研究了其在iPP中的成核效果。首先,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和偏光显微镜（PLM）分别考察了两种成核剂对iPP结晶行为的影响。结果表明,当NA₁和NA₂的含量为0.3 %（质量分数,下同）时,iPP的结晶峰值温度分别提升了14.5 ℃和16.0 ℃。同时,两种成核剂都能够明显细化iPP球晶尺寸。其次,利用广角X射线衍射仪（WXAD）对成核iPP进行了表征,两种成核剂都诱导iPP产生了α晶型,说明均为α晶型成核剂。然后,对成核iPP的力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,随着两种成核剂用量的增加,iPP的拉伸强度和弯曲模量呈现先升高后平稳的趋势。当NA₁和NA₂含量为0.05 %时,成核iPP的拉伸强度较纯iPP分别提升了4.6 %和8.6 %,弯曲模量分别提升了8.2 %和21.7 %;冲击强度基本保持不变。     

α成核剂改性聚丙烯等温结晶动力学及晶体形态研究

利用DSC、POM和XRD研究了不同用量α成核剂(二苯亚甲基山梨醇)改性聚丙烯(PP)的等温结晶动力学、晶体形态和结构。结果表明:随着结晶温度的提高,PP和改性PP的结晶速率均降低,α成核剂的加入在高温时可提高PP的结晶速率,但在低温时并不明显;纯PP和添加0.2%α成核剂PP的晶体生长方式或晶体形态随温度升高从片晶向完整球晶结构转变,而α成核剂用量增加会抑制晶体形态的变化,说明体系结晶速率可以控制晶体形态;α成核剂用量为0.4%时,PP的等温结晶速率最快,晶粒最细小,其成核效果最好。     

关于CO2有机溶剂体系液相体积膨胀的研究

The supercritical antisolvent （SAS） process has been developed in recent years for the tormation of nanoand micro-particles. It is necessary to study the liquid phase volume expansion （LPVE） and find the relationships between the operating conditions and the LPVE in order to develop a practical method for determining the operation conditions and selecting an organic solvent for SAS process. The PR equation of state with vdW-1 mixing rule is used to calculate the LPVE for CO2/toluene, CO2/acetone and CO2/ethyl acetate systems, and the results show that the LPVE for each CO2/organic solvent system decreases as the temperature increases. The relationship between the LPVE and the solubility of CO2 in the liquid phase for CO2/organic solvent systems is investigated, and the results show that the LPVE is determined directly by the solubility of CO2 in the liquid phase, xCO2, and can be related to xCO2 independently. No matter what system of CO2/organic solvent is and how different the temperature is, the LPVEs have little difference as long as the solubility of CO2 in the liquid phase, xCO2, keeps constant. The lower temperature is always favorable to the SAS process. The higher the solubility of CO2 in an organic solvent under certain operation condition, the more suitable it is to the SAS process.     

用重整化群理论研究硬核Asakura-Oosawa流体的相平衡

An analytical equation of state (EOS) for hard core Asakura-Oosawa (AO) fluid is established by combining the AO potential, the first-order perturbation theory and the radial distribution function (RDF) for the hard sphere fluid.The phase equilibria are studied by using the renormalization-group (RG) theory. The obtained results agree well with the simulation data. Investigation shows that the attractive range parameter plays an important role in the phase equilibria for AO fluid.     

超临界流体萃取脱除人参中痕量有机氯农药

The feasibility of removal of the organochlorine pesticides residues of hexachlorocyclohexane(BHC) from radix ginseng with supercritical CO2 was explored. Some factors, such as extraction pressure, extraction temperature, and kinds of co-solvents were investigated. The experimental results indicate that it is possible to reduce BHC residues in radix ginseng to the level of 0.1×10-6 with supercritical CO2 in the presence of suitable amount of co-solvent, such as water.     

二氧化硫对石灰石的直接硫酸盐化作用的热重分析的研究与建模

The direct sulfation of limestone from different sources in Iran was studied in a thermogravimetric analyzer under atmospheric pressure. All limestone samples tested have higher than 97% CaCO3. Experimental conditions were as follows: particle size levels ranging from 1.6μm to 7.8μm, four level reaction temperatures (700°C,750°C, 800°C and 850°C), and two SO2 concentrations (2.4 × 10-3 and 3.2 × 10-3 mol.mol-i). The particle size and temperature showed dominant influences on the rate and level of conversion while the effect of SO2 concentration was weak. The shrinking core model can be used to describe the behavior of the sulfation process. The reaction kinetics and diffusion mechanism are both important in controlling the rate of the process. The two key parameters of the model, chemical rate constant Ks and effective diffusion coefficient Deff were obtained. Model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

脂肪酶促乌桕脂组分甘油解及其反应机理研究

Glycerolysis of Chinese vegetable tallow （CVT） fraction was investigated using a 1,3-specific lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus as catalyst. Based upon a binary gradient HPLC with an evaporative light-scattering detector （ELSD）, the contents of free fatty acids （FFA）, monoglycerides （MG）, diglycerides（DG） and triglycerides （TG） with their positional isomers during the glycerolysis were determined. The effects of water content and the ratio of glycerol to oil on the product distribution of glycerolysis were studied. Under the optimum reactant conditions： 250 units lipase per gram oil at 37℃ with 1：2 molar ratio of oil to glycerol in a solvent-free system, after 24 h reaction, the product consisted of 7.2% TG, 25.6% MG, 56.1% DG and 4.9% FFA （all by mass）. Furthermore, the mechanism of glycerolysis was discussed in detail.     

CO2压缩与卸压速率对微生物生理的影响

The influence of compression and decompression rates of carbon dioxide on the physiology of Absidia coerulea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Besides parameters such as pressure, temperature, exposure time, water content, and initial pH, the influence of either compression or decompression rate on the biological behavior of microorganisms was quite essential. For both microorganisms studied, an optimal rate for either compression or decompression process exists due to the integrated effect of pressure, exposure time as well as compression or decompression speed. The decompression rate has no significant effect on cell‘s viability after 180 min exposure in compressed CO2 because almost all the microorganisms were died before decompression.     

螺旋片导流式气液分离器的数值模拟与试验研究

The gas/liquid spiral separator, a key component in the compressed air system, was used to remove liquid and oil from gas stream by centrifugal and gravitational forces. To optimize the design of the separator, the relationship between the performance and structural parameters of separators is studied. Computational fluid dynamics （CFD） method is employed to simulate the flow fields and calculate the pressure drop and separation efficiency of air-liquid spiral separators with different structural parameters. The RSM （Reynolds stress model） turbulence model is used to analyze the highly swirling flow fields while the stochastic trajectory model is used to simulate the traces of liquid droplets in the flow field. A simplified calculation formula of pressure drop in spiral structures is obtained by modifying Darcy＇s equation and verified by experiment.     

Modelling Carbon Dioxide Corrosion with Film Crystallization and Erosion

This paper presents a model of carbon dioxide corrosion in a steel straight pipe under turbulent flow, which includes protective iron carbonate film formation, film undermining, and film erosion. The flow field was discretized using a finite volume technique, with mass transport of dissolved species accounted for with an infinitely dilute solution model. The experimental results of Nesic and Lee, Corrosion 59, 616–628 (2003) were accurately predicted and transient corrosion trends for several temperatures and carbon dioxide partial pressures were determined. The model calculates thinner but denser films at higher fluid flow rates, which corresponds to the experimental trend obtained by Schmitt and Mueller, NACE International, Paper 44 (1999).     

超临界CO2中PP与MAA的接枝反应

利用超临界CO2作为甲基丙烯酸（MAA）的溶剂和聚丙烯（PP）的溶胀剂，合成了MAA与PP的接枝聚合物（PP-g-MAA）。考察了单体浓度、引发剂用量、反应压力、反应时间等反应条件对接枝率的影响。结果表明：在合适的反应条件下，MAA的接枝率最高可达14．6％，而且接枝后PP颗粒的外观可以保持不变。用FT-IR、DSC以及SEM等方法对样品进行了表征。DSC曲线发现PP-g-MAA有两个熔融峰。SEM观察发现PP-g-MAA的表面比PP表面明显粗糙。     

大孔二氧化硅膜上纳米碳纤维层结构化催化剂载体的制备

1 INTRODUCTION Fast gas-liquid phase reactions over solid cata- lysts easily cause concentration gradient in reactors and catalysts because of relatively slow diffusion as well as the frequent occurrence of low concentration when gasses are dissolved. Such concentration gradi- ent caused by the limitation of mass transfer influ- ences the reaction rate as well as selectivity. Conven- tional strategies for gas-liquid-solid phase catalytic reactions comprise slurry reactors and trickle bed r…