深圳市罗芳污水处理厂出水臭氧脱色灭菌中试

从臭氧产生的机理出发,并以污水处理厂二级出水消毒和对水体的除臭脱色为例,介绍了臭氧的实际应用情况,以及存在的问题,指出由于臭氧具有强氧化性,易分解,在污水处理中值得推广应用。     

偶氮染料固定化高效脱色菌厌氧膨胀床脱色研究

偶氮染料固定化高效脱色菌厌氧膨胀床脱色研究①景翔峰（河南省环保所）罗志腾（天津城建学院）林荣忱（天津大学）前言偶氮染料占排放到环境中染料总量的８０％，传统的活性污泥法对很多偶氮染料不能有效去除，物化法高级处理如活性炭吸附费用太高。近年来，通过寻找高效...     

电催化氧化法降解水中有机物的研究进展

通过阳极反应直接降解有机物,或通过阳极反应产生羟基自由基（·ＯＨ）、臭氧一类的氧化剂降解有机物,这种降解途径使有机物分解更加彻底,不易产生毒害中间产物,更符合环境保护的要求。这种方法通常被称为有机物的电催化氧化过程［１］。长期以来,受电极材料的限制,...     

污水处理厂利用臭氧脱臭

一、前言臭氧的氧化能力很强,在天然元素中仅次于氟。一般氧化剂所分解不了的成分都能被臭氧氧化而分解;同时,即使过量使用,也不过是分解成氧而无二次污染之虞。并且由于臭氧只要有空气和电力,就能简便而价廉地制造、无运输收贮之烦、和在处理系统中易于实现自动控制等原因,其利用,很早以来就受到了注意。欧洲早就用于自来水的脱臭和杀菌。我国广泛用于脱臭、脱色、杀     

内循环流化床—臭氧催化氧化处理石化废水二级出水

采用内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺深度处理石化废水二级出水，通过单因素实验确定了该工艺的最佳运行条件，并在该条件下对臭氧催化氧化流化床与固定床工艺进行了效果对比。结果表明，流化床工艺能够更高效地降解石化废水中的有机物，在催化剂投加量为40 g/L、臭氧投加量为75 mg/（L·h）、反应时间为1 h的条件下，流化床工艺的TOC去除率为46.47%，臭氧利用率为68%，固定床工艺的TOC去除率为21.73%，臭氧利用率为39.8%；达到相同TOC去除效果时，流化床工艺所需催化剂投加量仅为固定床工艺的1/10。流化床催化剂1 h内可以吸附石化废水中30.23%的TOC，相同投量的固定床催化剂对TOC的吸附效果不明显。重复实验结果表明，臭氧催化氧化是流化床工艺去除污染物的主要途径。三维荧光光谱和UV254分析显示，相同条件下流化床工艺将臭氧转化为活性自由基的能力强于固定床工艺。内循环流化床-臭氧催化氧化工艺可大量减少催化剂使用量，提高臭氧利用率，降低废水处理成本，且效果稳定。     

臭氧氧化降解苯酚的动力学研究

用双混型光谱仪反应器研究了苯酚在温度为288-313K，pH=3.2-9.3时的臭氧（O3）氧化反应动力学并获得了反应动力学常数，探讨了O3氧化降解苯酚的机理，即不同pH值时O3氧化降解苯酚的途径及其动力学是不同的，在酸性及弱酸性条件下（pH=3.2-6.5)苯酚的降解遵循O3直接氧化机制，在碱性时（pH=9.3)则遵循羟基自由基氧化机制。     

臭氧催化氧化工艺提高臭氧利用效率的生产性试验

通过对北方地区某净水厂臭氧催化氧化与臭氧单独氧化工艺运行特性的比较,研究了蜂窝陶瓷催化剂提高臭氧利用效率.在臭氧氧化工艺进水UV254为0.024cm-1、高锰酸盐指数为1.2mg·L-1条件下,臭氧投量在0.5～1.0mg·L-1时臭氧催化氧化工艺的剩余臭氧浓度比臭氧单独氧化低27％～52％,这是催化剂促进臭氧加速分...     

臭氧氧化/厌氧消化工艺处理CEPT污泥的研究

上海市白龙港污水处理厂采用化学一级强化处理工艺（CEPT），污泥产量大且稳定性差，直接脱水填埋很难满足有关环保要求，因此对其进行稳定化和减量化研究是污泥处理、处置工作的重中之重。为此，开展了臭氧氧化／厌氧消化工艺处理该类污泥的中试研究。结果表明，当臭氧投量为0．08kg／kgDS、臭氧氧化污泥量占进泥量的比例为67％、污泥投配率为5％时，臭氧氧化对厌氧消化的促进作用比较明显，对有机物的降解率较单纯厌氧消化的高约6．3％，产气量增加了近20．1％。此外，投加臭氧还能改善污泥的脱水性能，并减少了脱水时助凝剂的投量。     

强化常规工艺处理黄河原水的试验研究

天津在冬季、经长距离调用的黄河原水水质具有低温、低浊、微污染的特点，采用常规工艺处理时出水CODMn很难满足《城市供水水质标准》（CJ／T206-2005）的要求，为此开展了强化常规工艺的试验研究。结果表明，通过采取臭氧预氧化或高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）预氧化、高效絮凝刺HPAC强化混凝气浮、改性滤料强化过滤等措施，可显著改善常规工艺的出水水质，对有机物的去除率提高了10％以上，出水CODMn〈3mg／L。臭氧（或PPC）预氧化、HPAC混凝气浮、改性滤料过滤是改善常规工艺出水水质的有效手段。     

高效催化氧化分解水中高稳定性有毒有害农药（莠去津）

研究首次发现，通过一定方式制备的金属催化剂可使水中臭氧迅速分解，产生出具有极强经能力的中间体，显著地提高了对水中高稳定性农药的氧化分解效率，约为现行单纯臭氧氧化工艺的几倍。     

Degradation of a textile reactive Azo dye by a combined chemical-biological process: Fenton's reagent-yeast

This work presents the results of our studies on the decolorization of aqueous azo dye Reactive black 5 (RB5) solution combining an advanced oxidation process (Fenton's reagent) followed by an aerobic biological process (mediated by the yeast Candida oleophila). Under our conditions, initial experiments showed that Fenton's process alone, as well as aerobic treatment by C. oleophila alone, exhibited the capacity to significantly decolorize azo dye solutions up to 200 mg/L, within about 1 and 24h, respectively. By contrast, neither Fenton's reagent nor C. oleophila sole treatments showed acceptable decolorizing abilities for higher initial dye concentrations (300 and 500 mg/L). However, it was verified that Fenton's reagent process lowered these higher azo dye concentrations to a value less than 230 mg/L, which is apparently compatible with the yeast action. Therefore, to decolorize higher concentrations of RB5 and to reduce process costs the combination between the two processes was evaluated. The final decolorization obtained with Fenton's reagent process as primary treatment, at 1.0 x 10(-3)mol/L H(2)O(2) and 1.0 x 10(-4)mol/L Fe(2+), and growing yeast cells as a secondary treatment, achieves a color removal of about 91% for an initial RB5 concentration of 500 mg/L.     

Ozonation of aqueous azo dye in a semi-batch reactor

The ozonation of wastewater containing azo dye in a semi-batch reactor has been studied. Results revealed that the rate of ozone transfer increased with increases in the initial dye concentration, the applied ozone dose and temperature. A model was developed to predict the enhancement factor of ozone mass transfer. This model enables the prediction of mass transfer coefficient of ozone from the following parameters: initial dye concentration, applied ozone dose, temperature and concentration of dissolved ozone in the organic-free water. This model was also valid for reactors of larger sizes. Result of kinetic studies showed that ozonation of the azo dye was a pseudo-first-order reaction with respect to dye. The apparent rate constant increased with the applied ozone dose and temperature. However, the apparent rate constant declined logarithmically with increasing initial dye concentration. In addition, ozonation reduced chemical oxygen demand and enhanced the biodegradability of the wastewater.     

Photocatalytic destruction of fulvic acids by ozone and oxygen

We have studied destruction of river fulvic acids in water environment with ozone and oxygen. We have also determined advantages of catalytic and photocatalytic ozonization of their solutions compared with ozonization and O₃/UV treatment. Photocatalytic ozonization secures the highest degree of destruction of fulvic acids (93% in terms of total organic carbon) at a shorter time and specific consumption of ozone compare with other methods of oxidation.     

Removal of the surfactant sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate from water by simultaneous use of ozone and powdered activated carbon: comparison with systems based on O3 and O3/H2O2

A study was conducted on the efficacy of the system based on the simultaneous use of ozone and powdered activated carbon (PAC) in removing sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) from drinking waters and on the influence of operational parameters (PAC dose, ozone dose and presence of radical scavengers [HCO3-]) on this process. Results obtained showed that low doses of PAC during SDBS ozonation markedly increased the rate of SDBS removal from the medium. These results are due to the combined effect of two processes: (i) SDBS adsorption on the activated carbon surface and (ii) transformation of the dissolved ozone into .OH radicals. At higher ozone and PAC doses, there was a higher rate of SDBS removal from the medium. The presence of HCO3- in the medium reduced the SDBS removal rate of the O3/PAC system. This finding confirms that the presence of PAC during SDBS ozonation favours ozone transformation into .OH radicals. Comparison of the O3/PAC system with systems based on the use of O3 or O3/H2O2 showed that the efficacy of the O3/PAC system to remove SDBS is much greater than that of the traditional oxidation methods. Thus, in the first 5 min of treatment (usual hydraulic retention time), the percentage of SDBS removed was 18% and 30% for the O3 and O3/H2O2 systems, respectively, compared with 70% for the O3/PAC system. SDBS ozonation in surface waters intended for human consumption demonstrated that the O3/PAC approach is the most efficacious of the studied systems, considerably increasing the SDBS removal rate and also reducing the concentration of dissolved organic carbon. Therefore, the results of this study show that the system based on O3/PAC is a highly attractive option for the treatment of drinking water.     

水解酸化/MBR处理偶氮染料废水的研究

采用水解酸化/MBR工艺处理活性艳红X-3B偶氮染料废水.结果表明,水解酸化/MBR工艺对活性艳红X-3B偶氮染料废水的处理效果较好,平均脱色率为81.58%,对COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别为83.53%、80.39%;对各工艺单元进、出水的紫外-可见吸收光谱分析表明,兼氧微生物通过水解酸化作用可将活性艳红X-3B染料分子中的偶氮双键、苯环、蔡环和二氯均三嗪活性基等降解,形成易被生物降解的小分子有机物,提高了染料废水的可生化性,为后续的MBR处理创造了条件.     

Efficiency of activated carbon to transform ozone into *OH radicals: influence of operational parameters

Based on previous findings (Jans, U., Hoigné, J., 1998. Ozone Sci. Eng. 20, 67-87), the activity of activated carbon for the transformation of ozone into *OH radicals including the influence of operational parameters (carbon dose, ozone dose, carbon-type and carbon treatment time) was quantified. The ozone decomposition constant (k(D)) was increased by the presence of activated carbon in the system and depending on the type of activated carbon added, the ratio of the concentrations of *OH radicals and ozone, the R(ct) value ([*OH]/[O3]), was increased by a factor 3-5. The results obtained show that the surface chemical and textural characteristics of the activated carbon determines its activity for the transformation of ozone into *OH radicals. The most efficient carbons in this process are those with high basicity and large surface area. The obtained results show that the interaction between ozone and pyrrol groups present on the surface of activated carbon increase the concentration of O2*- radicals in the system, enhancing ozone transformation into *OH radicals. The activity of activated carbon decreases for extended ozone exposures. This may indicate that activated carbon does not really act as a catalyst but rather as a conventional initiator or promoter for the ozone transformation into *OH radicals. Ozonation of Lake Zurich water ([O3] = 1 mg/L) in presence of activated carbon (0.5 g/L) lead to an increase in the k(D) and R(ct) value by a factor of 10 and 39, respectively, thereby favouring the removal of ozone-resistant contaminants. Moreover, the presence of activated carbon during ozonation of Lake Zurich water led to a 40% reduction in the content of dissolved organic carbon during the first 60 min of treatment. The adsorption of low concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on activated carbon surfaces did not modify its capacity to initiate/promote ozone transformation into *OH radicals.     

Photocatalytic destruction of anionic SAS by ozone and oxygen

The article has investigated photocatalytic destruction of anionic SAS—sodium alkylbenzene sulfate (ABS) in the aqueous medium by ozone on TiO₂ Degussa P-25 at UV radiation by a DB-15 low-pressure mercury-quartz lamp. The paper has determined the parameters of photocatalytic ozonization securing complete ABS destruction (100% in terms of organic carbon). We have assessed advantages of photocatalytic ozonization of ABS solutions compared with photocatalytic oxidation by oxygen and O₃/UV treatment.     

Removal of disinfection by-product precursors with ozone-UV advanced oxidation process

The efficacy of using ozone (O3), ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and the combined O3-UV advanced oxidation process (AOP) to remove 2 classes of disinfection by-product (DBP) precursors from raw surface water samples have been evaluated and compared. In particular, trihalomethane and haloacetic acids formation potentials were measured. Laboratory batch scale experiments were carried out as a function of ozone and UV dosage in order to study the removal kinetics. It is concluded that the combined O3-UV AOP is more effective than either the ozone or UV treatment alone. Ozone-UV AOP is capable of mineralizing up to 50% of the total organic carbon from the raw source water at an ozone dose of 0.62+/-0.019 mg O3/mL and a UV dose of 1.61 W s/cm2. In addition, O3-UV AOP can reduce trihalomethane formation potential by roughly 80% and haloacetic acids formation potential by roughly 70% at the same ozone and UV dosage.     

Iron type catalysts for the ozonation of oxalic acid in water

Two iron catalysts (Fe(III) and Fe2O3/Al2O3) have been used in the ozonation of oxalic acid in water at pH 2.5. Percentage removals of oxalic acid were 1.8%, 7% and 30% corresponding to the non-catalytic, homogeneous (Fe(III)) and heterogeneous (Fe2O3/Al2O3) catalytic ozonations, respectively. Catalytic oxalic acid ozonation leads in all cases to total mineralization. The mechanism of ozonation likely develops through formation of iron-oxalate complexes that further react with ozone without the participation of hydroxyl radicals. Because of the stringent acidic conditions, some metal leaching has been observed and quantified in the heterogeneous process. In the homogeneous catalysis, the kinetics was found to be first order with respect to ozone and oxalic acid while for the heterogeneous catalysis, the kinetic order depends on the concentration of ozone in the gas fed. Thus, at ozone concentrations lower than 30 mg L(-1), the heterogeneous ozonation is between first and zero order with respect to both ozone and oxalic acid while at higher ozone gas concentrations, the kinetics was found to be first and zero order with respect to oxalic acid and ozone, respectively. This kinetics is supported through an Eley-Rideal mechanism that involves a surface reaction between non-adsorbed ozone and adsorbed oxalic acid. Apparent activation energies of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic ozonations were found to be 18.2 and 13.6 kcal mol(-1), respectively.     

臭氧湿式氧化氨氮的降解过程研究

采用Ｏ３湿式氧化降解含氨氮的废水,研究了不同ＰＨ、温度、初始氨深度对反应过程的影响,探讨了在高ＰＨ时Ｏ３的自分解催化产生自由基．ＯＨ机理和污染物的氧化降解过程。通过试验,获得了Ｏ３氧化氨氮过程的动力学方程。