微通道内气-液传质研究

以CO₂-H₂O为模型体系，实验考察了当量直径为667 μm的单通道和16个并行通道内的气-液传质行为.实验发现，液体表观速度增加，单通道内液侧体积传质系数明显提高;同一液体表观速度下，液侧体积传质系数随气体表观速度增加而增加;在实验数据基础上关联了液侧体积传质系数与气-液两相流参数间的关系.微通道内的液侧体积传质系数较常规尺度气-液接触设备至少高1～2个数量级.并讨论了并行微通道内气-液两相流分配特性对整体传质性能的影响，表明合理设计气、液流动分布结构，可保证微通道内优异的传质特性.     

微通道内醇胺/离子液体复配水溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

研究了微通道内醇胺[单乙醇胺(MEA)和甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)]与离子液体[1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸([Bmim][BF₄])和1-羟乙基-3-甲基咪唑甘氨酸([C₂OHmim][GLY])]复配水溶液吸收CO₂的传质特性。考察了醇胺/离子液体浓度比(c_AA∶c_IL)对液相体积传质系数(k_La)的影响,发现k_La随反应速率的增大而增大。为进一步阐释复配水溶液吸收CO₂的传质机理,分析了比表面积、扩散速率、增强因子和液弹循环对传质速率的影响。结果表明,四种复配溶液中,反应速率和循环频率(f_cir)分别在低流率和高流率下对传质速率起主导作用。k_La可表示为f_cir的函数,低气相流率下k_La与f_cir呈线性关系,斜率与反应速率成正相关,高气相流率下,液弹循环因膜弹传递困难而对整体传质速率的影响减弱,k_La与f_cir呈指数关系,幂律指数小于1。     

微通道内液-液两相流流型及传质的研究进展

微通道内液-液两相流流动在微化工系统中占有重要的地位,了解微通道内液-液两相流体流动和传质规律对推动其工业化应用有重要作用。本文以微通道内液-液两相流系统为研究对象,简述了不同工况下微通道内液-液两相流流型和混合传质效率,分析了微通道特征、流体性质和流体流动速度等对流型形成和传质效率的影响。指出目前对于微通道内液-液两相流的研究多处于定性研究,定量研究仅针对某一体系展开,所得结果具有一定的局限性。关于微通道内液-液两相流传质研究实验较多而数值模拟方法相对较少,接下来的研究工作中应该考虑建立微通道内液-液两相流基础研究的数据库,通过分析大量的数据获得有效的流型划分准则和相关经验式以此推动微通道内液-液两相流的工业化应用。同时在传质研究过程中应研究开发相应的数值模拟模型,保证实验和数值模拟相结合,提出有效的传质效率评价机制。     

微通道内气液两相流行为研究进展

综述了微通道内的气液两相流行为及传质特性。在微通道内流型一般分为泡状流、弹状流、环状流和弹状-环状流,没有分层流。气液传质效率比常规尺度中的提高了2～3个数量级。讨论了气泡对气液两相流的影响及其生成、生长和聚并规律。介绍了微通道内气液两相流的计算机模拟结果。从实验、理论和数值模拟3个方面对微通道内气液两相流的研究和应用前景进行了展望。     

微通道内液-液两相流研究进展

从流型、传质和应用3个方面,介绍了近年来微通道内液-液两相流的研究进展。液-液两相流型研究内容主要有两部分,即流型的观察、流型谱图的绘制以及考察多种因素对流型的影响,但是具有普适性的流型谱图和流型转变线仍未提出。液-液两相传质研究方法包括实验研究和数值模拟两种,主要研究在液滴流、弹状流和平行流3种稳定流型下的传质过程;且相对于定性研究,定量的传质研究较少。对于微通道内液-液两相流应用研究,主要体现在萃取、材料合成、生物结晶等方面。此外,对今后微通道内液-液两相的流型、传质和应用研究进行了展望,指出需从实验与模拟计算相结合以及拓展微通道内液-液两相流的应用研究两个方面进行深入研究,推进其工业化进程。     

微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液吸收CO2/N2混合气的传质特性

采用高速摄像仪对400 μm×400 μm T形微通道内单乙醇胺（MEA）水溶液吸收混合气中CO₂过程的气液两相流及传质特性进行了实验研究,微通道内的压力降采用压力传感器进行测量。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量及MEA浓度对压力降、比表面积和传质性能的影响。结果表明,当MEA浓度不变,气液两相流量增大时,压力降、比表面积、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子均增大,并逐渐趋于恒定。当气液流量不变,MEA浓度增大时,压力降、传质系数、体积传质系数和增强因子增大,但比表面积减小。实验条件下,压力降范围为2.00~5.23 kPa,化学吸收过程的传质系数范围为7.74×10^-4~2.97×10^-3 m·s^-1。对于伴有快速化学反应的传质过程,以Sherwood数、Reynolds数、Schmidt数及增强因子为变量建立了体积传质系数的预测关联式,平均偏差为5.09%,具有良好的预测性能。     

微通道中液-液萃取传质特性的研究

研究了在一个内径为400 μm管式直线型玻璃微通道中的液-液两相的传质特性,其中去离子水为水相, 煤油（溶质是苯甲酸）为油相, 氮气为气相。实验研究了表面张力、黏度和气体分散相对体积传质系数的影响,结果表明：在内径为400 μm的微通道内,当停留时间为15 s时微通道内的萃取已达到平衡;水相的表面张力和液体黏度显著影响微通道内的传质效率;在液-液系统中引入气相后,水油两相之间的传质效率显著增加。     

微通道内MEA/MDEA混合溶液吸收CO2的传质特性

研究了T形微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和单乙醇胺（MEA）混合水溶液吸收CO₂的传质过程。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流量、MEA和MDEA浓度对液侧传质系数k_L和体积传质系数k_La的影响。液侧传质系数和体积传质系数均会随着MEA浓度的升高而升高。与MEA相比,MDEA浓度的提高对传质影响较小。传质系数会随着液体流量的增大而增大,但气体流量的变化对其影响较小。体积传质系数随液体流量的增大而增大,但随气体流量的增大先增大,之后趋于稳定。考虑到化学反应对传质的强化作用,引入了Hatta数,提出了一个新的体积传质系数预测式,预测效果良好。     

微通道内醇胺水溶液吸收CO2的压力降研究

采用高速摄像仪对400μm×400μm T型微通道内N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)与单乙醇胺(MEA)混合醇胺水溶液(含0.2%SDS)吸收CO_2过程的气液两相流压力降进行了实验研究。观测到了泡状流、泡状-弹状流、弹状流、弹状-环状流流型。考察了弹状流型下气液两相流流量、醇胺溶液浓度、气液雷诺数与增强因子对压力降的影响。结果表明:压力降随着气液两相流量、气液雷诺数及增强因子的增大而增大。当Q_G﹥80 mL/h时,压力降随醇胺浓度的增大而减小。以分相流模型为基础,提出了微通道内伴有化学吸收的气液两相流压力降预测模型,平均偏差为8.46%,模型计算值与实验值吻合良好。     

微通道反应器的一维放大及气液传质特性

微通道反应器能有效增强气液间传质,但处理能力受限。为了提高微通道的处理量,对微通道反应器的一维放大及气-液传质特性进行了研究。以乙醇胺（MEA）和甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）混合水溶液吸收CO₂为研究物系,在通道深度恒定时,考察了微通道宽度、气液流速对传质特性的影响。结果表明,传质系数和体积传质系数均随通道宽度先增大后缓慢减小,在通道宽度为1000 μm时达到最大值。比表面积随通道宽度的增大而降低。因此,合理增大微通道宽度,可在提高处理能力的同时,仍然保持良好的传质特性。     

Region-dependent mass transfer behavior in a forced circulation airlift loop reactor

The contribution of local regions to global mass transfer holds the key to optimization and scale-up of a reactor. Extensive study has been conducted to investigate gas-liquid mass transfer occurring in the internal airlift loop reactor, but mostly restricted to global mass transfer performance. A cold model forced circulation internal airlift loop reactor was employed and divided into six regions in which dissolved oxygen concentration in slurry and mass transfer interfacial area were measured respectively. Different models were utilized to calculate volumetric mass transfer coefficient. Contributions of individual region to global mass transfer performance were calculated and compared. It was found that mass transfer coefficient and mass transfer interfacial area of individual region increases with increasing superficial gas velocity and slurry feed flowrate. The feed affected region has the greatest mass transfer coefficient and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, contributing more than 30% to global mass transfer in most operating condition. Mass transfer interfacial area is close in the gas distributor region, feed affected region and the gas-slurry separator region. In the present work, circulating bubbles are rare and contribute negligibly to the global mass transfer. Global volumetric mass transfer coefficient is close to that of the gas-slurry separator region, ranging from 0.02 to 0.1 1/s. Comparison of k_La is made between this work and literatures, suggesting a great improvement of mass transfer due to external liquid circulation.     

气升式内环流反应器流场及传质特性数值模拟

采用双流体模型和气液二相流体动力学理论建立了气升式环流反应器流体流动的数学模型,在此模型的基础上利用溶质渗透理论和各向同性湍流理论建立了局部液相体积传质系数数学模型。采用计算流体软件F luent对气升式环流反应器内气液二相流动状况进行模拟,模拟结果较好地解释了气升式环流反应器内的流动行为及传质特性。模拟计算值与文献实验值的吻合说明了模型的可行性。     

微孔射流毛细管反应器内液-液两相传质和反应选择性

微反应技术在化工过程强化领域已得到广泛应用,尤其适用于快速复杂竞争反应体系。对于液-液两相快速竞争反应,反应过程受传质限制,显著影响反应转化率和收率。本文开发了一种新型的微孔射流毛细管反应器（MJCM）,采用微孔射流强化进口处液-液两相传质性能,分别采用水-苯甲酸-煤油体系和水-氢氧化钠-甲苯-苯甲酸-氯乙酸乙酯体系研究了不同操作参数（流量、流量比、表面活性剂浓度、温度）和结构参数（孔径、管长）下液-液两相传质特性和反应选择性,并获得了舍伍德数Sh的关联式。结果表明：随着两相流量的增加,传质效率E呈下降趋势,总体积传质系数k_La呈增加趋势,反应选择性指数X_s则先减小后增大;孔径的增大则会减弱液液传质和反应选择性;随着毛细管长的增加,E和X_s逐渐增大,k_La则逐渐减小;水相-有机相流量比的变化对E和k_La会产生不同影响,而温度的适当升高则可以提升反应选择性,表面活性剂的加入降低了传质和反应选择性。与其他液液传质设备对比,MJCM在液-液两相传质、反应选择性方面性能良好,可以用于工业生产进行液液传质与反应过程的强化。     

Liquid-solid mass transfer in a trickle-bed reactor measured by means of a catalytic reaction

Global rates of reaction (the hydrogenation of cyclohexene to cyclohexane on Pd/Al₂O₃) were measured in a trickle-bed reactor at various gas and liquid flow rates. The liquid superficial velocity was higher than 1.2 × 10⁻² m/s so as to achieve complete wetting of the catalyst particles. Liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients were calculated from the rate data. In the low interaction regime, the coefficients depend on both the gas and liquid rates, in contrast with most of the previous studies. At the transition to the high interaction regime, a significant change in the values of the coefficients was observed. The experimental liquid-solid mass transfer coefficients are in good agreement with values predicted by correlations published in the literature.     

偏氟乙烯乳液聚合的气液传质效果影响因素的研究

首先推导出表征气液传质效果的K值计算方法,借此研究了聚合釜装填量、搅拌桨型和转速等因素对气液传质效果的影响,结果表明:随着聚合釜装填量和搅拌转速的增大,K值增大,气液传质效果提高;在搅拌转速大于500r·min-1情况下,桨型采用上层二叶平桨、下层二叶斜桨的方式明显比单层的二叶斜桨或二叶平桨的K值大,气液传质效果好。确定了5L釜偏氟乙烯(VDF)乳液聚合必需的良好搅拌效果的条件:装填量3L、搅拌转速700r·min-1、桨型采用上层二叶平桨和下层二叶斜桨;VDF聚合速度达到了115gPVDF·(L·h)-1,合成出固含量20wt%、粒径分布窄、稳定性好的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)乳液。     

Influence of recycling on mass transfer and reaction in a G-L jet loop reactor with variable interfacial area

The effect of recycling on mass transfer, characterized by the volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La, was investigated by absorbing CO₂ into water in a laboratory jet loop reactor. Based on a mathematical model, which includes the correlation function k_La = k_La(r_L), a first order chemical reaction and the variation of interfacial area, a = a(ε_G), caused by strong absorption effects, the interaction ‘recycling – mass transfer – reaction’ was simulated and its influence on the reactor performance is discussed.     

Effect of external mass transfer in a packed bed reactor system for a reversible enzyme reaction

A mathematical model was developed to describe the effect of external mass transfer for a packed-bed enzyme reactor in which a reversible, one-substrate, two-intermediate enzyme reaction took place. The model equation was applied to the analysis of an immobilized glucose isomerase reactor system. A Colburn-type mass transfer correlation was obtained from the Colburn j-factor versus Reynolds number plot: i.e., j_D = 0.045N_Re^−0.48. The values of mass transfer coefficient for the system under study ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 cm h⁻¹ depending on the substrate flow rate. Very good agreements were observed between the computer simulation using a plug flow reactor model with the derived mass transfer correlation and the experimental results obtained from the packed-bed reactor operation.     

甲基二乙醇胺对H_2S和CO_2同时吸收的传质动力学模拟

运用渗透理论建立了Ｈ２Ｓ和ＣＯ２在Ｎ－甲基二乙醇胺水溶液中选择性吸收（或解吸）的传质动力学模型，并用差分法对方程进行了数值求解。化学吸收增强因子计算结果与文献计算值对比，平均相对偏差小于±６．２％，模型与膜理论Ｈ２Ｓ单组分吸收的解析解对比，平均相对偏差小于±７．４％。     

Transient behavior of recycle reactor with consecutive reaction

Experimental and theoretical transient behavior of a recycle system were studied for a plug flow reactor with a mixing tank and a recycle line. The consecutive reaction chosen for experimental study was the hydrolysis of diethyl succinate through monoethyl succinate to succinic acid on a strong acid ion exchange resin at 50°C. Both realistic and simplified models were developed to simulate the transient behavior of the recycle system. The simplified model was more useful than the realistic model because analytical solutions could be obtained. The approach time to the steady state is presented for the recycle reactor.     

Particle-liquid mass transfer in three phase sparged reactor

Particle-liquid mass transfer in a three phase sparged reactor has been studied over a wide range of particle sizes, for the chum-turbulent regime. The particle-liquid Sherwood number has been correlated in the usual form with the Reynolds and Schmidt numbers. Use of the hindered particle settling velocity in the Reynolds number yields good agreement (±20%) with the present as well as most of the literature data. The proposed correlation also holds for power law non-Newtonian liquids when the effective viscosity is used.