湿法冶金大型卧式加压浸出反应釜有限元分析设计程序开发

近年来国内湿法加压浸出工艺发展迅速,卧式反应釜作为该工艺的核心设备之一,不断朝着超大型化方向发展。设备大型化后受力情况变得更为复杂、潜在危险因素增加,需要借助有限元软件对其结构进行辅助安全性分析。本单位技术团队借助APDL及VB语言在现有的有限元分析软件基础上通过二次开发,针对加压浸出工艺核心装备—卧式反应釜结构特点开发定制化的数据输入与结果输出模块,将传统分析软件使用过程中效率低下的“手动建模”、“手动划分网格”、“复杂参数设置”过程交由软件自动完成,极大提高了该类设备的分析设计效率。     

卧式反应釜在湿法制砷工艺中的应用研究

卧式釜连续加压浸出工艺目前多用于湿法炼锌、湿法炼钴等行业,在湿法制砷行业比较先进的是立式釜加压浸出工艺,还没有卧式釜连续加压浸出应用于湿法制砷领域。因此贵冶采用试验的方式对卧式釜连续加压浸出应用于湿法制砷进行了研究,并对进液量、风量等参数进行了研究,摸索出了最佳工艺条件,成功地将卧式釜新工艺应用于湿法制砷,非常具有推广价值。     

用加压氧化-硫脲浸出法从滇西低品位金矿石中回收金

研究了用加压氧化-硫脲浸出法从滇西低品位金矿中回收金。低品位金矿石先在加压反应釜中加压氧化,之后用硫脲浸出金。考察了氧压、温度、反应时间及添加剂尿素及木质磺酸钠对加压氧化及硫脲浸出金的影响,确定了工艺最佳条件。最佳条件下,金浸出率为94%。     

谢里特·戈登加压浸出技术在工业上的应用

引言湿法冶金是由金属提取、金属回收和废物控制三个主要单元组成的。在最近三十年内,加压湿法冶金不仅广泛应用于金属提取,而且也应用于金属回收和废物控制。本文将通过流程叙述对加压湿法冶金在三个单元中的应用加以说明。浸出是金属提取的最重要组成部分之一。浸出可以用许多方法来完成。谢里特(Sher-ritt)使用过几种浸出设备,其中包括搅拌槽、帕丘卡和塔式设备,但卧式加压釜技术是它的专长。除卧式釜外,加压浸出还可以在锅式、釜式、加压帕丘卡、塔式和管式反应器内进行。     

硫化锌精矿全湿法炼锌技术试验研究

针对传统炼锌方法存在生产工艺流程冗长、设备利用率低、能耗高、环境污染大、生产成本高等问题,开展了硫化锌精矿加压浸出直接产出合格上清液的技术试验研究,试验分别从加压浸出技术控制条件、工艺流程及加压浸出上清液净化除杂效果等方面进行了探索。最终得出了硫化锌精矿一段加压酸性浸出→二段加压中性浸出→氧压中性上清液净化除杂的硫酸锌溶液全湿法制液工艺。     

砷滤饼加压浸出生产实践

主要介绍了贵溪冶炼厂砷滤饼加压浸出工艺,阐述了加压浸出工艺的利弊,对生产运行状况及技术改造进行了简要的介绍,对近几年生产运行中加压浸出工艺出现的典型问题进行了总结分析,并提出了具体的改进措施。     

含砷难处理金精矿的催化氧化酸浸（COAL）新工艺开发

介绍了催化氧化酸浸（COAL）新工艺开发及产业化的情况,该工艺可以在100 ℃及0.4 MPa氧分压条件下对含砷金矿进行处理,金和银的回收率都可达到92%～96%。较低的工业压力和温度使设备简单、易于开工,基建投资和维修操作费用均较传统加压浸出工艺明显降低。在小型试验基础上,开发出100 m3加压浸出反应釜,并在招远金矿建成了100 t/d的工业试验及生产厂,工业试验证实金和银回收率分别为 93%～95%和 92%～96%,与小型试验结果一致。在操作参数及设备形式调整后,本工艺亦可适用于高砷高碳金精矿的处理。     

浅议加压浸出釜液位的过程控制

简要说明了加压酸浸工艺中，加压浸出釜过程控制的关键——液位控制的实现方法、存在的问题以及解决的方案。     

炼砷工艺的发展及加压浸出工业试验

简要论述了传统炼砷工艺,并结合试验论述了加压浸出工艺在三氧化二砷工业生产中的可行性,旨在为加压浸出工艺生产三氧化二砷实现工业化提供依据。     

硫化锌精矿一段加压浸出直接产出合格中性上清液技术研究

阐述了原硫化锌精矿加压浸出技术工艺生产中存在的问题,开展了硫化锌精矿一段加压浸出直接产出合格中性上清液技术研究,充分利用加压釜内高温、氧化条件,使硫化锌精矿加压浸出、中和降酸、除铁工序在同一台釜内完成,以解决原加压浸出工艺中工艺流程冗长、脱铁成本及能耗高、资源利用率低等问题。     

Reactor models for a series of continuous stirred tank reactors with a gas-liquid-solid leaching system: Part III. Model application

A mathematical model developed to describe the steady-state performance of a three-phase leaching reactor is applied to the analysis and simulation of an industrial process: the high-temperature (180 °C to 200 °C) aqueous pressure oxidation (O₂-H₂SO₄) of refractory pyrite-arsenopyrite (FeS₂-FeAsS) gold concentrates. The simulation work reported here centers on the analysis of the autothermal operation of a continuous multistage horizontal autoclave. The focus is on the performance of the first autoclave compartment, since its autothermal “initialization” determines the rate of the whole process. The analysis of the whole autoclave is subsequently done on a stage-by-stage basis. The model considers both possible reaction control regimes, that is, reactor operation limited by the rate of the particle dissolution reaction (surface reaction control)or limited by the rate of O₂ transfer at the g-1 interface (gas-transfer control). The decision whether the reactor operates under surface reaction control or gas transfer control is based on whether the gas-transfer capacity of the reactor can or cannot satisfy the oxygen demands of the leaching reactions. With the aid of the model, the effects of feed rate, feed preheating, cooling with water injection, slurry recycling, and autoclave configuration are critically evaluated from the standpoint of optimum autoclave performance.     

高铁硫化锌精矿氧压酸浸过程分析

论述和分析了高铁闪锌矿氧压酸浸过程中在氧压反应釜中浸出反应过程和可能的浸出机理,并对浸出过程中控制铁以赤铁矿法沉铁的可能性进行了分析。     

一种从硫化锌精矿直接浸出锌同时除铁的方法

介绍了一种从硫化锌精矿直接浸出锌同时除铁的方法,利用氧压浸出除铁原理。控制反应器温度压力及酸度,在浸出锌的同时将铁沉淀在浸出渣中,不需单独除铁工序,锌浸出率高,沉铁率高,与传统除铁方法比较,实现了浸出锌与沉铁在一个反应器中完成,具有清洁生产,节能环保的明显优势。     

锌精矿常压富氧直接浸出研究

采用反应釜模拟锌精矿常压富氧浸出条件,考查了精矿粒度、酸锌摩尔比、温度、氧压、搅拌转速、时间、液固比等因素对锌浸出率的影响并获得了优化的工艺条件。在优化浸出条件下,锌浸出率大于97%,渣含锌约3%;铟浸出率约96%,渣含铟约0.000 4%;银浸出很少,大部分留于渣中;浸出渣含硫大于78%。     

Mathematical modeling of an exothermic leaching reaction system: pressure oxidation of wide size arsenopyrite participates

In the design of processes involving exothermic reactions, as is the case of several sulfide leaching systems, it is desirable to utilize the energy liberated by the reaction to drive the reactor toward autogenous operation. For optimal reactor design, models which couple leaching kinetics and heat effects are needed. In this paper, the principles of modeling exothermic leaching reactions are outlined. The system investigated is the high-temperature (160 °C to 200 °C) pressure (O2) oxidation of arsenopyrite (FeAsS). The reaction system is characterized by three consecutive reactions: (1) heterogeneous dissolution of arsenopyrite particles, (2) homogeneous oxidation of iron(II) to iron(III), and (3) precipitation of scorodite (FeAsO4-2H2O). The overall kinetics is controlled by the arsenopyrite surface reaction. There was good agreement between laboratory-scale batch tests and model predictions. The model was expanded to simulate the performance of large-scale batch and single-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) for the same rate-limiting regime. Emphasis is given to the identification of steady-state temperatures for autogenous processing. The effects of operating variables, such as feed temperature, slurry density, and retention time, on reactor operation and yield of leaching products are discussed.     

Object-oriented simulation of hydrometallurgical processes Part III. Application to leaching of laterites and pyrites

The steady-state process simulator developed by Kiranoudis et al. has been used for the detailed simulation of sulfuric acid pressure leaching of laterite ores for the extraction of nickel and cobalt, and aqueous pressure oxidation of pyrites for the recovery of gold. Advanced hydrometallurgical process models for the specific unit operations involved were developed and are appropriately described. The simulation mainly focuses on studying the overall effects of certain design parameters on the entire plant efficiency. In the case of pyrites, the autothermal performance of the pressure autoclaves can be maintained by means of the oxidized recycle stream that greatly influences the fundamental heat balances of the reactor. Flashing the reactor pulp at the exit of the autoclaves results in further precipitation of solids related to ionic equilibrium reactions. The effect of grinding is important since most reactions are facilitated by small particle diameters. The ratio of feed pyrites influences the amount of precipitation of solids in the autoclave.     

湿法炼锌除铁工艺研究

介绍了常规法、热酸浸出、氧压浸出、针铁矿和赤铁矿等几种湿法炼锌除铁工艺,重点对SO2还原浸出、热酸还原浸出、氧压还原浸出的赤铁矿除铁工艺的各项指标进行了比较。含铁低的原料,适宜采用常规工艺和针铁矿工艺;含铁高的原料适宜采用黄钾铁矾法和赤铁矿法;而氧压浸出工艺两种原料都能适应。