冷压烧结法制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料

采用压坯烧结加复压复烧工艺制备出A12O3／Cu复合材料。Al2O3颗粒的尺寸分别为2μm、7μm、10μm，体积含量分别为5％、10％、15％。结果表明，一次烧结工艺是影响材料密度的关键因素；复压及复烧能够进一步提高复合材料的密度及性能。金相组织观察表明，Al2O3颗粒分布均匀，与基体的界面结合良好。     

高能球磨制备Al2O3/Cu复合材料

采用高能球磨法制备Al2O3/Cu复合粉末,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究高能球磨时间对复合粉末的物相、晶粒尺寸和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,随球磨时间的增加,基体Cu的晶粒不断被细化,在球磨初期,晶粒尺寸减小很快,当晶粒尺寸小于20 nm时,细化速率变缓而趋于稳定;Cu颗粒形貌由树枝状变为层状,并向椭球体转变;纳米Al2O3颗粒逐渐嵌入Cu颗粒体内,且分散均匀,从而获得纳米Al2O3颗粒弥散分布的Cu基复合粉末。并探讨了高能球磨对放电等离子体烧结Al2O3/Cu复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响,研究认为高能球磨可以促进基体的晶界强化和弥散强化,而晶界的增加并不会导致电阻率的显著增大,影响电阻率的主要因素为Al2O3的体积分数、孔隙和杂质的固溶。     

Al2O3短纤维增强Al-Cu合金的微观组织结构和机械性能研究

为了研究铜元素含量变化对复合材料界面反应、微观组织结构和机械性能的影响，利用挤压铸造法制备了体积分数均为40％的Al2O3纤维增强纯铝和Al—Cu合金（1％，3％和5％）复合材料。采用X射线、TEM、SEM和拉伸实验手段，观察和测试了4种复合材料的微观组织和机械性能。结果表明，Al2O3纤维表面含有非晶SiO2成分，在高应力下易于开裂。铜元素的加入对材料的析出产生和机械性能有重要影响。铜元素引入后在复合材料中纤维表面处偏聚和富集，促进了界面θ相析出，并随基体中Cu含量提高而增加。当铜含量增加到5％后，基体内部也出现明显的析出相。拉伸实验结果表明随着Cu含量的增加复合材料的抗拉强度增高，Al2O3f/Al-Cu与Al2O3f／纯Al相比，抗拉强度分别增加了102％，146％和171％。SEM断口观察表明：基体合金的断口基本上都呈宏观脆性断口，具有低的展延性和撕裂纹理；大量的纤维从复合材料基体中拔出，一些纤维被拉断，这些特点与界面结合物和多晶的Al2O3纤维结构密切相关。     

球磨时间对6%Al_2O_3弥散强化Cu组织和性能的影响

采用高能球磨法将Cu粉和Al2O3粉混合;通过调节球磨时间,保证Al2O3粉细小而弥散分布在Cu的基体中。通过扫描电镜研究了球磨时间对Al2O3颗粒形貌与分布的影响,XRD研究了球磨时间对Cu晶粒细化和晶格畸变的影响,金相显微镜研究了球磨时间对金相组织的影响,研究了球磨时间对力学性能和导电率的影响,并计算了相对密度。结果表明:当球磨转速为270r/min、球磨15h时,Al2O3颗粒细小,分布较为均匀,且其抗压强度最高为565MPa,导电率34%IACS;随球磨时间增加,XRD表明Cu晶粒细化和晶格畸变增加,金相组织显示晶粒从片层状逐渐变为球状。     

细晶Al2O3/Cu复合材料的研究

在粉末冶金工艺的基础上，研究了一套新工艺，制取了纳米级Al2O3/Cu复合材料，观察并测试其性能。结果表明：制取的纳米级Al2O3/Cu复合材料，Al2O3为50－70nm，组织中晶粒细小，电导率大于80％IACS，软化温度超过660℃，室温硬度达130HV，综合性能优良。     

掺杂方式对Al2O3/Mo复合材料组织及性能的影响

分别采用固-固、液-固和液-液掺杂方式向钼粉中引入Al2O3,然后用粉末冶金法制备出掺杂钼粉,经压制、烧结制成Al2O3颗粒增强钼基复合材料.对掺杂钼粉及钼坯进行SEM形貌观察,并测定复合材料的密度和显微硬度.结果表明,液-液掺杂能够制备出粉末颗粒小、密度及硬度高的Al2O3/Mo复合材料,其掺杂Al2O3颗粒细小且分布较均匀.     

纳米NiAl2O4圈层包覆Al2O3复合粉末的制备

采用高温氧化的方法制备出纳米NiAl2O4圈层包覆Al2O3粉体.在纳米Al2O3粉体表面包覆一层金属Ni,在1 350℃高温下焙烧Ni/Al2O3复合粉体得到纳米NiAl2O4圈层包覆Al2O3粉体.利用TEM对Ni/Al2O3复合粉体进行观察,发现Ni/Al2O3复合粉体颗粒呈球形,大小为50～60 nm;Ni/Al2O3复合粉体的DTA分析结果表明,Ni/Al2O3复合粉体在900和1 300℃时有新相生成,经XRD检测,新相分别为NiO和NiAl2O4.     

用球化处理的粉末热压制备Cu-Al2O3复合材料

由机械合金化法(MA)制得纳米Al2O3颗粒弥散镶嵌于较软微米Cu颗粒表面的复合粉,利用球形化工艺改善所制得复合粉的形貌及工艺性能,然后通过热压法制备Cu-Al2O3复合材料.通过电导率测试、抗拉强度测试、密度测试、SEM形貌和断口分析、微区成分分析,研究了Al2O3质量分数分别为0%、0.5%、1.5%、2.5%时Cu-Al2O3复合材料的组织和性能.结果表明,随Al2O3质量分数增加,材料的抗拉强度总体增加,电导率、伸长率总体降低,Al2O3质量分数在1.5%时制得的复合材料具有较高的综合性能,此时σb=298MPa、δ=12.1%、电导率为88%IACS;质量分数继续增加会使纳米Al2O3颗粒发生局部团聚;在拉伸受力时复合材料发生延性断裂.     

致密烧结Ti/Al2O3复合材料

利用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备出相对密度、断裂韧性、弯曲强度分别为99.74%、19.73±0.4MPa·m1/2、1002±12MPa的40vol%Ti/Al2O3复合材料。SEM对复合材料表面形貌观察发现,Ti、Al2O3两相分布均匀,表面无明显气孔存在;断口的SEM和EDS表明,复合材料已形成网络导电结构;复合材料的HREM微观结构分析表明,Al2O3三角晶界处无其它杂质的偏聚,小颗粒的金属Ti富集在Al2O3的三角晶界结合处,界面结合紧密。     

Al_2O_3/Ti-Al复合材料抗热震性研究

采用热压烧结法制备了Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料,对Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料分别在700℃、800℃和900℃下进行抗热震性实验分析。研究结果表明,Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料在不同热震温度的临界热震次数cτ分别为7τ00=12,8τ00=11,9τ00=8,热震所产生的裂纹主要沿着Al2O3颗粒和Ti-Al合金基体的界面进行扩展和延伸。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.