MBR pilot plant for textile wastewater treatment and reuse.

An experimental study was carried out in order to evaluate the possibility of upgrading the conventional activated sludge WWTP of Seano (Prato, Italy) which treats municipal and textile wastewaters, by using membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology. The MBR pilot plant, set up within Seano WWTP, was fed with mixed municipal-industrial wastewaters during the first experimental period and with pure industrial wastewaters during the second. Performances and operation of the MBR were evaluated in terms of permeate characteristics and variability (COD, colour, surfactants, total N and P) and other operational parameters (sludge growth and observed yield). According to the experimental results the MBR permeate quality was always superior to the Seano WWTP one and it was suitable for industrial reuse in the textile district of the Prato area. Respirometric tests provided a modified IWA ASM1 model which fits very well the experimental data and can be used for the design and the monitoring of a full-scale MBR pilot plant.     

An integrated approach for improving the wastewater discharge and treatment systems

Since treatment plants have been built all over Germany during the last decades, the water quality of receiving streams has been improved remarkably. But there are still a lot of quality problems left, which are caused e.g. by combined sewer overflows (CSO), treatment plant effluents or rainwater discharges from separate sewer systems. At present different efforts are undertaken to control sewer systems in order to improve the operation of urban drainage systems or more generally, design processes. The Emschergenossenschaft and Lippeverband (EG/LV) are carrying out research studies, which are focusing on a minimization of total emissions from sewer systems both from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and from CSO. They consider dynamic interactions between rainfall, resultant wastewater, combined sewers, WWTP and receiving streams. Therefore, in an advanced wastewater treatment, a model-based improvement of WWTP operation becomes more and more essential, and consequently a highly qualified operational staff is needed. Some aspects of the current research studies are presented in this report. The need and the use of an integrated approach to combine existing model components in order to optimize dynamic management of combined sewer systems (CSS) with a benefit for nature are outlined.     

Development and commissioning of decision support tools for sewerage management.

Managing sewerage systems is a highly complex task due to the dynamic nature of the facilities. Their performance strongly depends on the know-how applied by the operators. In order to define optimal operational settings, two decision support tools based on mathematical models have been developed. Moreover, easy-to-use interfaces have been created as well, aiding operators who presumably do not have the necessary skills to use modelling software. The two developed programs simulate the behaviour of both wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and sewer network systems, respectively. They have essentially the same structure, including raw data management and statistical analysis, a simulation layer using the application programming interface of the applied software and a layer responsible for the representation of the obtained results. Four user modes are provided in the two software including the simulation of historical data using the applied and novel operational settings, as well as modes concerning prediction of possible operation periods and updates. Concerning the WWTP software, it was successfully installed in Nantes (France) in June 2004. Moreover, the one managing sewer networks has been deployed in Saint-Malo (France) in January 2005. This paper presents the structure of the developed software and the first results obtained during the commissioning phase.     

Membrane bio-reactor for advanced textile wastewater treatment and reuse.

Textile wastewater contains slowly- or non-biodegradable organic substances whose removal or transformation calls for advanced tertiary treatments downstream Activated Sludge Treatment Plants (ASTP). This work is focused on the treatment of textile industry wastewater using Membrane Bio-reactor (MBR) technology. An experimental activity was carried out at the Baciacavallo Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) (Prato, Italy) to verify the efficiency of a pilot-scale MBR for the treatment of municipal wastewater, in which textile industry wastewater predominates. In the Baciacavallo WWTP the biological section is followed by a coagulation-flocculation treatment and ozonation. During the 5 months experimental period, the pilot-scale MBR proved to be very effective for wastewater reclamation. On average, removal efficiency of the pilot plant (93% for COD, 96% for ammonium and 99% for total suspended solids) was higher than the WWTP ones. Color was removed as in the WWTP. Anionic surf actants removal of pilot plant and WWTP were very similar (92.5 and 93.3% respectively), while the non-ionic surfactants removal was higher in the pilot plant (99.2 vs. 97.1). In conclusion the MBR technology demonstrated to be effective for textile wastewater reclamation, leading both to an improvement of pollutants removal and to a draw-plate simplification.     

A knowledge management methodology for the integrated assessment of WWTP configurations during conceptual design

The current complexity involved in wastewater management projects is arising as the XXI century sets new challenges leading towards a more integrated plant design. In this context, the growing number of innovative technologies, stricter legislation and the development of new methodological approaches make it difficult to design appropriate flow schemes for new wastewater projects. Thus, new tools are needed for the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) conceptual design using integrated assessment methods in order to include different types of objectives at the same time i.e. environmental, economical, technical, and legal. Previous experiences used the decision support system (DSS) methodology to handle the specific issues related to wastewater management, for example, the design of treatment facilities for small communities. However, tools developed for addressing the whole treatment process independently of the plant size, capable of integrating knowledge from many different areas, including both conventional and innovative technologies are not available. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present and describe an innovative knowledge-based methodology that handles the conceptual design of WWTP process flow-diagrams (PFDs), satisfying a vast number of different criteria. This global approach is based on a hierarchy of decisions that uses the information contained in knowledge bases (KBs) with the aim of automating the generation of suitable WWTP configurations for a specific scenario. Expert interviews, legislation, specialized literature and engineering experience have been integrated within the different KBs, which indeed constitute one of the main highlights of this work. Therefore, the methodology is presented as a valuable tool which provides customized PFD for each specific case, taking into account process unit interactions and the user specified requirements and objectives.     

污水处理厂绩效管理系统中的数据标准化管理模式研究

为解决污水处理厂绩效管理系统中不同污水处理厂数据差异性大、网络传输条件受限、海量数据查询效率低等问题,对其数据标准化管理模式进行研究。通过分析污水处理厂的数据特征,设计了以标准化编码为基础的涵盖数据的采集、传输、存储、发布等各个环节的数据标准化管理模式,并对数据的传输、存储、发布进行了优化,保证了系统的普适性、高效性、可扩展性和易维护性。     

基于GIS的大型灌区移动智慧管理系统研发

大型灌区具有空间范围广、节点建筑物类型多、特征数据分散等特点,所涉及信息种类繁多且数据量巨大,目前常规人工巡检及测量手段已不能满足灌区信息高效管理和利用的要求。为提高灌区管理信息化水平,基于GIS技术及大数据等现代信息技术,构建了基于GIS的大型灌区移动智慧管理系统框架,并依据灌区常设监测和管理项目,对其系统模块和功能进行划分。以河南省人民胜利渠为例,研发了灌区GIS移动智慧管理系统。利用该系统可及时准确地掌握灌区各遥测站及节点建筑物各项监测指标的变化情况,为灌区水资源高效利用和现代化管理提供科学依据。     

Hybrid moving bed biofilm reactors: a pilot plant experiment.

The growing increment of the urbanization and, on the other hand, the even more strict effluent limits imposed by the Water Framework Directive for the receiving water body quality state have led to the need for upgrading several existing WWTP. With this respect HMBBR systems are an innovative solution since they allow to upgrade existing high loaded WWTP without building new tanks. However, some uncertainties in their design, maintenance as well as performance have to be addressed due to their recent acquisition compared with well consolidated technologies such as activated sludge systems. In this light, a data gathering campaign on a HMBBR pilot plant has been performed. The aim was to detect the performance of such new technology as well as to survey the influencing effect of the carrier media filling ratio. Indeed, there may be problem of competitiveness between attached and suspended biomass that jointly operate in the same system for carbon and nitrogen removal. Such competitiveness may lead to a worsening of the system efficiency. The results are interesting and the gathered data in the experimental period show a slight difference in terms of performance behaviour, between the two systems (35 and 66%). Such result leads to address the filling ratio choice towards the 35%.     

Using a weight-of-evidence approach for management of watersheds.

This research used a weight-of-evidence approach to evaluate sources of contaminants in a drinking water watershed that serves as part of the City of Boston's water supply. The approach incorporated land use analysis using GIS, sanitary surveys, traditional water quality monitoring and microbial source tracking (MST) tools. Case-study tributaries were selected based on elevated faecal coliform counts. Land use analysis and sanitary surveys were used to identify suspected microbial sources, including residential septic systems, agricultural animal operations, commercial/industrial operations and wildlife activity. Sampling sites were selected to hydrologically isolate potential contamination sources. Samples were collected seasonally over 1 year and analysed for traditional and MST parameters. Results demonstrated that both septic systems and a horse stable were contributing microbial loads in the first tributary. In the second tributary, septic systems from the townhouses were contributing microbial loads while a plant nursery was contributing organic matter. This evidence was used to evaluate best management practices to mitigate the contamination.     

Disturbance detection in wastewater treatment plants

The development in sensor technology has made many wastewater treatment systems data rich but not necessarily information rich. To extract the adequate information from several sensors is not trivial, and it is not sufficient to consider only the time series. Different tools for detecting unusual on-line measurement data and deviating process behaviour are discussed. In this paper various dimension reduction as well as advanced filtering methods are considered in order to extract adequate information for fault detection and diagnosis. Both the operator and the process engineer can take advantage of such methods for proper monitoring of the plant, in particular extreme events and their causes.     

混凝土坝监测报告自生成系统研究

大坝监测资料整编的内容涵盖面大,涉及到的数据量较多,并且目前主要靠人工编制完成。为了提高监测报告编写效率,减轻报告编制的工作量,使报告进一步规范化,满足更为智能的管理化需求,开发了混凝土坝监测报告自生成系统。介绍该系统在报告模板定制技术、图表批量生成技术、分析工具自由组合功能、图表与其分析结论绑定功能等方面的优化,并结合工程示例,证实了系统的高效性和智能性,可为广大资料整编人员提供参考。     

Nutrient removal process selection for planning and design of large wastewater treatment plant upgrade needs.

A protocol to select nutrient removal technologies that can achieve low nutrient effluents (total nitrogen (TN) < 5 mg/L and total phosphorus (TP) < 0.5 mg/L) was developed for different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sizes based on the research conducted during a Water Environment Research Foundation funded project. The adaptable protocol includes technology and cost assessment of feasible (pre-screened) nutrient removal technologies that are being successfully implemented at full scale. The information collected from the full scale nutrient removal plants to develop this protocol includes design, operational, performance, and cost data through a direct survey of plants, and published data. The protocol includes a "technology threshold" approach consisting of Tier I (TN < 5.0 mg/L; TP < 0.5 mg/L) and Tier II (TN < 3.0 mg/L; TP < 0.1 mg/L) effluent nutrient levels for different plant sizes. A very large WWTP (1,250,000 m(3)/day flow) in Chicago, Illinois, USA adapted this protocol for master planning and design of future nutrient removal facilities based on plant and site specific criteria.     

水电工程征地移民实物指标管理系统的设计与实现

水电工程移民管理业务中产生了大量的数据,特别是所涉及的移民实物指标种类繁多,数据量较大.在当今管理要求不断提高和信息技术日益普及的环境下,传统的手工操作方式已经不能满足移民精细化管理工作的要求,必须采用先进的技术手段和工具提高工作的效率.结合系统开发的实际情况,介绍了水电工程征地移民实物指标管理系统的设计开发、组织、规范和工具等情况,对系统所实现的功能进行了分析,为该系统的推广使用创造了一定的条件.     

不断提高我国大坝安全监测自动化水平

我国水电建设事业高速发展需要高度可靠、实用、先进的大坝监测仪器和自动化系统。监测仪器及监测自动化系统在大坝所处的恶劣环境下长期稳定可靠地运行，须解决许多重大技术难题，研制数据采集智能模块是解决这些难题的关键。网络监控是推进我国大坝安全监控管理的必由之路。     

大坝安全监测智能感知与智慧管理技术研究及应用

水库大坝安全监测是工程安全的重要保障措施,亟需结合新一代信息技术,提升大坝安全监测能力。系统总结了长江科学院近年来在大坝安全监测智能感知与智慧管理技术方面的研究及应用工作,通过研发系列化智能传感器、智能采集单元和物联网感知平台,建设统一的大坝安全监测数据资源池,开发通用化安全监测云服务系统,搭建专业数据挖掘平台和综合可视化应用,实现了大坝安全监测数据感知、传输、管理、分析及展示全链路应用,形成了大坝安全监测全生命周期智慧解决方案。研究成果已在乌东德、溪洛渡、向家坝、大藤峡等100余项水利水电工程中成功应用,为保障工程建设及运行安全发挥了重要的支撑作用,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

IEC 61970标准在智能水电厂数据交互平台中的应用

为了满足智能水电厂自动化系统中庞大的信息量和数据交互业务的需求,提出了基于IEC 61970标准的数据交互平台解决方案。参照公共信息模型(CIM)建模思想建立智能水电厂CIM模型,根据业务的需求改进组件接口规范(CIS)接口。最后,阐述了数据交互平台与外部系统的通信。     

Impact assessment of odours emitted by a wastewater treatment plant

Complaints from the Domingos Martins population about sewage odours in the city made the district attorney order an impact assessment of the odours emitted by the city wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This study comprised various techniques, models and population surveys. In 2007, an odour emission model proved that the main hydrogen sulphide emitter was the aeration tank of the WWTP (13.5 g h(-1)) and such emissions, according to CALPUFF model, should be perceived in the whole Domingos Martins city centre area. In this area, 58% of those interviewed were annoyed by the WWTP odours. However, in 2009, the odour monitoring panel recorded few odour occurrences. A second population survey showed that hereafter only 20% of those interviewed were annoyed by the WWTP emissions. Odour emission and dispersion models run with 2010 data proved a drastic reduction of the WWTP aeration tank emissions and consequently the city centre was not bothered by WWTP emissions anymore. The odour emission reduction was due to the modification of the WWTP aeration tank system. Despite the odour emission reduction, houses located southeast of the WWTP were still annoyed by sewage odours. However, in this part of the town, other sources of sewage odours have been found.     

城镇供水管网监测自动化系统设计

通过分析管网系统组成与运行要求,选取相应监测点及监测仪器,建立一套实时快速、准确可靠、先进实用、高度自动化的信息采集、监测与控制的自动化系统,以便对供水管网的安全运行状态、水情信息以及设备的运行等进行实时监测与控制,为供水安全可靠、水资源优化配置等提供决策支持手段,进一步提高管理决策的水平和效率。     

高精度地表三维位移自动化监测技术研究与应用

变形监测是反馈工程安全最直接、最重要的手段之一,目前一般以人工监测为主,存在监测信息反馈慢、作业风险高等弊端,尤其是在工程遭遇有感地震、区域性暴雨等灾害时,实时采集数据、反馈监测信息和及时决策问题更为凸显.为此,以瀑布沟砾石土心墙堆石坝外部变形自动化监测工程为依托,对改正算法、监测方案、仪器野外保护、自动化控制和实时采...     

Membrane bio-reactor for textile wastewater treatment plant upgrading.

Textile industries carry out several fiber treatments using variable quantities of water, from five to forty times the fiber weight, and consequently generate large volumes of wastewater to be disposed of. Membrane Bio-reactors (MBRs) combine membrane technology with biological reactors for the treatment of wastewater: micro or ultrafiltration membranes are used for solid-liquid separation replacing the secondary settling of the traditional activated sludge system. This paper deals with the possibility of realizing a new section of one existing WWTP (activated sludge + clariflocculation + ozonation) for the treatment of treating textile wastewater to be recycled, equipped with an MBR (76 l/s as design capacity) and running in parallel with the existing one. During a 4-month experimental period, a pilot-scale MBR proved to be very effective for wastewater reclamation. On average, removal efficiency of the pilot plant (93% for COD, and over 99% for total suspended solids) was higher than the WWTP ones. Color was removed as in the WWTP. Anionic surfactants removal of pilot plant was lower than that of the WWTP (90.5 and 93.2% respectively), while the BiAS removal was higher in the pilot plant (98.2 vs. 97.1). At the end cost analysis of the proposed upgrade is reported.