界河渡槽预应力混凝土拉杆拱施工技术

山东省界河渡槽的主要结构型式为上承式预应力混凝土拉杆拱式矩形渡槽,跨度50.6m,该结构型式在全国水利工程设计和施工中属首次使用。本文以该渡槽施工为实例,详细介绍了上承式预应力混凝土拉杆拱的施工技术,可为类似工程的实施提供有益参考。     

谈界河大跨度渡槽拉杆拱施工质量控制点设置

1 工程概况与施工工艺 界河渡槽位于招远市境内.是胶东调水工程中最大的渡槽,全长2021m.渡槽主要结构形式为上承式预应力混凝土拉杆拱式矩形渡槽结构,跨度50.6m.     

下承式桁架拱渡槽的结构可靠度分析

针对南水北调中线工程中较为广泛采用的预应力下承式桁架拱渡槽,采用空间杆系有限元程序与结构响应面法相结合,分析了桁架拱结构在正常设计条件下的可靠度.分析计算表明,该拱结构可靠度已达到了规定的要求,结构是可靠的;结构响应面法也是桁架拱渡槽结构可靠度分析的有效方法.     

胶东调水界河渡槽工程项目安全管理模式

界河渡槽工程属于胶东地区引黄调水工程的一部分,也是南水北调东线工程山东“T”型调水大动脉的重要组成部分。界河渡槽设计共采用三种结构形式,一是上承式预应力混凝土拉杆拱式矩形渡槽结构。跨度50.6m,共21跨。二是简支梁式预应力混凝土矩形渡槽结构,跨度20m,共36跨。三是简支梁式普通钢筋混凝土矩形渡槽结构,跨度10m,共18跨。     

鄂北地区水资源配置工程大跨度预应力渡槽三维有限元分析

鄂北地区水资源配置工程孟楼渡槽长4.99 km,设计流量38 m3/s,由于基岩埋藏较深,采用摩擦桩基础,承台上为空心混凝土重力墩,槽身采用大跨度预应力渡槽。通过对渡槽跨度的比较分析,认为采用30 m跨预应力混凝土渡槽较为合理。为此,重点对30 m跨矩形预应力渡槽槽身在各种荷载组合工况下的应力变形和环境温度影响进行了分析,验证了结构尺寸的合理性,优化了预应力钢筋的布置。     

下承式桁架拱渡槽有限元分析

桁架拱渡槽结构轻巧、整体性强、造价经济,並且施工速度快,在灌区建筑物中被广泛采用。下承式桁架拱渡槽是桁架拱渡槽结构型式之一,其特点是施工期(运行期)拱脚水平推力完全由下弦杆承担,这种结构施工便利,对墩台要求大大降低,尤其适应于高墩台及软弱地基。为了探索这种桁架拱渡槽一般受力特性,采用有限元法空间刚架程序进行理论分析,对不同结构型式、不同矢跨比、不同刚度以及不同截面尺寸等方面作了大量有限元计算和分析,总结了下承式桁架拱内力变化规律,並且用有机玻璃模型进行试验验证。根据分析和试验研究,提出了这种结构的合理型式和拟定各杆件的基本尺寸,为工程设计提供了理论依据。     

排水渡槽预应力张拉施工技术

排水渡槽作为渠系交叉建筑物,除用于灌排外,也可用于泄洪、排沙等,并在南水北调中线干线工程中应用广泛。由于中线总干渠全线水流为自流式,为了满足总干渠过水断面要求,渡槽跨越渠道内少设或不设墩或柱,以减少渠道水头损失,所以排水渡槽槽身多为预应力结构。文章针对槽身预应力张拉施工技术(后张法)进行叙述。     

旗岭现浇混凝土拱式渡槽施工方法及质量控制

东深供水改造工程B—I标旗岭渡槽是东改工程的标志性建筑物之一，采用大跨度拱肋支承、现浇预应力混凝土U型薄壳槽身，技术含量高、施工难度大，为国内首创，着重介绍旗岭渡槽拱肋和槽身的施工质量方法和施工控制。     

南水北调中线工程预应力混凝土渡槽叠合结构设计研究

结合南水北调中线工程河北段漕河渡槽的方案设计，提出了新型纵向大梁承重兼挡水的双槽一联单隔墙矩形断面大跨度预应力混凝土渡槽结构形式，研究了分析了渡槽建设采用多次爱叠合施工方法时的结构设计方法。     

孟楼渡槽槽身三向预应力施工工艺

鄂北地区水资源配置工程孟楼渡槽槽身采用三面环向预应力结构,为避免混凝土产生裂缝,提高渡槽的抗裂性能和整体刚度,在进行三向预应力施工时,制定详细的施工工艺流程与质量控制方案,确保了渡槽槽身工程质量,同时还节省了大量钢材,在一定程度上提高了渡槽的耐久性。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.