一种简易脱除焦化柴油中碱性氮化合物的方法

用二氧化碳酸性水溶液洗涤焦化柴油，使油中的碱氮化合物溶于水，从而将碱氮从焦化柴油中分离出来。实验结果表明，大庆焦化柴油经此种方法洗涤后，可脱除碱氮约６０％。此方法工艺简单，投资少，成本低，目前可以作为加氢精制的预处理手段。     

一种简易脱除焦化柴油中碱性氮化合物的方法

用二氧化碳酸性水溶液洗涤焦化柴油，使油中的碱氮化合物溶于水，从而将碱氮从焦化柴油中分离出来。实验结果表明，大庆焦化柴油经此种方法洗涤后，可脱除碱氮约６０％。此方法工艺简单、投资少、成本低，目前可以作为加氢精制的预处理手段。     

脱除催化裂化柴油中碱性氮化物的研究

在实验室用WH-2脱氮剂脱除RFCC柴油中的碱性氮化物。考察了剂油比、反应时间、反应温度和静置时间对碱性氮化物脱除和精制后油品透光率的影响。结果表明,增大剂油比、延长反应时间、提高反应温度,均有利于油品中碱性氮化物的脱除,而剂油比和反应时间对脱氮效果的影响要强于反应温度的影响。WH-2脱氮剂对RFCC柴油表现出优良的碱性氮脱除及脱色能力。20℃下,当剂油比为1︰400、反应时间10 min,静置8～10 min,RFCC柴油中的碱性氮脱除率高达97.5%,油品透光率由精制前的3.8%提高到36.4%。通过简单的分离手段,从酸渣中回收到了大部分脱氮剂主剂,可作为脱氮剂成分重复利用。     

溶剂脱氮-低压缓和加氢精制重油催化柴油

本方法采用溶剂脱氮－低压缓和加氢精制组合工艺，在脱除重油催化柴油硫、氮等杂质，提高催化柴油安定性和油品质量的同时，可直接生产符合GB252－94一等品柴油。     

焦化蜡油络合脱氮技术研究

为降低焦化蜡油中碱性氮化合物含量,防止碱性氮化合物毒害催化重整和催化裂化催化剂。本文在实验室条件下,以乙二酸为主脱氮剂,金属离子为辅助脱氮剂,考察了不同反应时间、脱氮剂中乙二酸含量、金属离子辅助脱氮剂种类以及金属辅助脱氮剂含量对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,在反应温度为80℃、络合剂中乙二酸含量为0.4%、FeSO4含量为0.3%、反应时间为25min、剂油比为1:1的条件下,脱氮效果最好,焦化蜡油中碱氮脱除率可以达到60.7%。     

考察WSQ-5型脱氮剂在络合脱氮—白土精制工艺中的效果

以糠醛精制油和糠醛抽出油为原料,选用WSQ-5型脱氮剂,在实验室中进行络合脱氮—白土补充精制组合工艺试验,考察脱氮剂在该工艺中的脱氮效果。试验结果表明:WSQ-5型脱氮剂对氮含量较低的原料具有显著的脱氮效果,且主要是脱除原料中的碱性氮化合物。     

络合法脱除页岩油中碱性氮化物的实验研究

应用酸性复合溶剂络合法脱除抚顺页岩油碱性氮化物.结果表明:在反应温度64℃、反应时间20min、精制剂剂油比0.068∶1、氧化剂剂油比0.03∶1的条件下通过简单的实验方法能够有效地脱除页岩油中的碱性氮化物,碱性氮脱除率为79.31％,油品收率为80.45％.得到精制油可用于加氢精制.     

柴油脱碱氮吸附剂的开发

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一种新型的多孔非晶固态材料作为柴油脱氮剂,该材料具有独特的纳米多孔网络结构以及极低的密度、高比表面积和高孔隙率等特性.可以有选择性地脱除柴油中的碱氮化合物,有利于延长后续柴油加氢精制催化剂的寿命.     

络合法脱除桦甸页岩油柴油馏分中碱性氮的研究

采用酸碱洗涤-溶剂萃取的方法对兰州窑街的页岩油中的氮类化合物进行了提取。产物经GC—MS进行了测定,用色谱峰面积归一化法确定各碱性氮的相对含量。结果显示,含氮化合物共检出87个。其中碱性氮化合物共有64个,主要分为吡啶、喹啉、苯胺3类。非碱性含氮化合物23个,主要分为吡咯、吲哚、咔唑3类。根据碱性氮的组成性质,分别考察了剂油比、不同反应时间、反应温度对脱氮效果的影响。结果表明,当剂油比为3％、反应温度55℃、反应时间为10min,脱氮效果最好,页岩油中碱氮脱除率可达到82．1％。     

离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究进展

简要分析了离子液体脱氮机理,对近年来国内外不同种类离子液体脱除油品中氮化物的研究现状进行了综述。指出目前所开发的离子液体脱氮剂对碱性氮具有较高的脱除率,而对中性氮的脱除效果并不理想。设计并合成出新型、高效、价格低、适合工业应用的离子液体将是该技术今后发展的主要任务。     

直馏柴油络合萃取脱硫

分别采用络合剂FeCl3,AlCl3,TiCl4对产自盘锦慧丰的直馏柴油进行络合脱硫,结果表明:AlCl3的脱硫效果最好,络合剂用量为2 g时,脱硫率达到73.9%。通过实验得到在络合脱硫时,直馏柴油中的碱性氮含量减少,说明碱性氮消耗了络合剂,降低了络合剂的脱硫效果。本文采用自制脱氮剂LCH-28对盘锦慧丰直馏柴油进行脱氮,脱氮率达到90.0%。使用络合剂AlCl3对已脱氮的直馏柴油比未脱氮的直馏柴油脱硫率提高约5%~10%。为了取得更好的脱硫效果,采用络合剂AlCl3和三种萃取剂95%乙醇,甲醇,DMF进行复配。结果表明:以40 g柴油为基准,LCH-28的剂油比为1:200,AlCl3用量为2 g,95%乙醇用量为0.25 mL,在反应时间为20 min,反应温度为50℃的工艺条件下,对直馏柴油的脱硫率达到83.4%。     

柴油中碱性氮化物脱除的研究

采用PS复合溶剂脱除催化柴油中的碱性氮化物，以改善催化柴油的质量和储存安定性；考察了精制溶剂组成、剂油比、精制温度、反应时间及静置时间对脱碱氮的影响。实验结果表明，采用V（甲醇）：V（二甲基亚砜）：V（聚丙烯酰胺）：V（NaOH溶液）=2：1：0．5：6．5，复配的复合溶剂作为络合溶剂、络合时间3min、剂油比0．02、络合温度为室温时效果最佳，精制后的柴油，色度由25下降为14，碱氮脱除率达到92．30％。精制后的催柴油品颜色和氧化安定性得到了显著提高。     

The effect of lignin and inorganic species in biomass on pyrolysis oil yields, quality and stability

This paper investigates four reference fuels and three low lignin Lolium Festuca grasses which were subjected to pyrolysis to produce pyrolysis oils. The oils were analysed to determine their quality and stability, enabling the identification of feedstock traits which affect oil stability. Two washed feedstocks were also subjected to pyrolysis to investigate whether washing can enhance pyrolysis oil quality. It was found that the mineral matter had the dominate effect on pyrolysis in compared to lignin content, in terms of pyrolysis yields for organics, char and gases. However the higher molecular weight compounds present in the pyrolysis oil are due to the lignin derived compounds as determined by results of GPC and liquid-GC/MS. The light organic fraction also increased in yield, but reduced in water content as metals increased at the expense of the lignin content. It was found that the fresh oil and aged oil had different compound intensities/concentrations, which is due to a large number of reactions occurring when the oil is aged day by day. These findings agree with previous reports which suggest that a large amount of re-polymerisation occurs as levoglucosan yields increase during the aging progress, while hydroxyacetaldehyde decrease. In summary the paper reports a window for producing a more stable pyrolysis oil by the use of energy crops, and also show that washing of biomass can improve oil quality and stability for high ash feedstocks, but less so for the energy crops.     

Preparation and application of fluorocarbon polymer/SiO2 hybrid materials,part 2: Water and oil repellent processing for cotton fabrics by sol–gel method

This research employed different procedures for out water and oil repellent finish on cotton fabrics with fluorocarbon copolymer or its hybrid materials. The experimental results indicated that fabrics processed with fluorocarbon copolymer have larger contact angle for water and oil repellent finish, and the fabric processed with simultaneous bathing of fluorocarbon copolymer/TEOS is the strongest but has poorer softness. Furthermore, when processing with chemical compounds, the processes or orders had little effect on the fabric's angle of contact and bleaching, but had more significant influence on strength. Regarding to washing fastness, after ten‐time water washing, the angle of contact of processed fabrics decreased by about 3%. Overall, the fabric pretreated with TEOS, followed by fluorocarbon polymer, had the best balance of physical properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3019–3024, 2007     

辽河焦化蜡油脱碱氮工艺研究

为降低焦化蜡油中碱性氮化物含量,采用糠醛溶剂精制和TTS络合脱氮两种方法对辽河焦化蜡油开展了脱碱氮工艺研究。研究发现,采用糠醛二级抽提的方法可使焦化蜡油中的碱氮脱除率达到81.3%,但糠醛对碱性氮化物的选择性较低,精制油收率不高;采用TTS络合脱氮的方法可使精制油收率达到95%,碱性氮化物的脱除率达到73.3%,TTS脱氮剂对焦化蜡油中的碱性氮化物有较好的选择性,脱碱氮效果较好。     

抚顺页岩油碱性氮化物的脱除

用LCH-28脱氮剂脱除抚顺页岩油中的碱性氮化物.LCH-28脱氮剂主要由Bronsted酸和Lewis酸(占脱氮剂总重量的0.1％～10％)组成.当剂油质量比为1∶10、反应时间为10 min、反应温度为80～90℃、保温沉降时间为180 min时,碱性氮化物的脱除率达到85.2％,相应的页岩油损失率为18.3％,探...     

Reactivation of severely aged commercial three-way catalysts by washing with weak EDTA and oxalic acid solutions

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) which is a well-known reagent for its metal extraction efficiency was studied for the first time towards the improvement of the catalytic activity and oxygen storage and release properties (OSC) of severely aged commercial three-way catalysts (TWC) on a laboratory scale. Optimization of the experimental parameters of EDTA-washing procedure of TWC was carried out by varying the washing time, volumetric flow rate, and temperature of EDTA solution. The EDTA-washing procedure of TWC was compared with that of oxalic acid-washing regarding their efficiency in removing P, Pb, S, Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn, all known TWC contaminants that many of them cause severe deterioration of TWC's activity and oxygen storage and release properties. EDTA appears to be significantly efficient in removing Pb, Zn, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Ni metal contaminants and sulfur but not of phosphorus (P). Phosphorus-containing species were found to be efficiently removed from the aged TWCs after oxalic acid washing. All regeneration procedures applied led to a significant partial recovery of catalytic activity of TWC (CO, C_xH_y and NO_x conversions) under real exhaust gas conditions (dynamometer tests) due to the removal of large amounts of contaminants accumulated on the aged TWC. The washing procedures using oxalic acid alone or in combination with EDTA led to more significant improvements of both catalytic and OSC performance compared with those of EDTA washing alone. This was due to the ability of oxalic acid to remove P-containing compounds which appear to be one of the main causes of commercial three-way catalyst deactivation.     

Effect of multistage hydroprocessing on aromatic and nitrogen compositions of shale oil

Geokinetics crude shale oil, a distillate and processing intermediates sampled during four-stage catalytic hydroprocessing of the distillate were analysed for total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and olefinic and aromatic contents. Successive hydroprocessing stages yielded products containing 80, 46, 16 and 2% of the nitrogen content in the feedstock. Total nitrogen, basic nitrogen and aromatic contents were also reduced. Apparent relative reactivities of aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing compounds are in agreement with reactivities observed in model compound studies. Hydrodenitrogenation of nitrogen-containing compounds occurred concurrently with hydrogenation of non-nitrogen-containing aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydroprocessing conditions necessary for essentially complete removal of nitrogen yielded a refined oil with low aromatic content.     

油页岩干馏的冷凝回收系统研究现状与发展趋势

随着世界石油需求量不断上升,页岩油作为石油替代资源越来越受到重视,其中油页岩干馏技术中的冷凝回收系统直接影响产品的质量、能耗和环保问题,是干馏技术中的重要环节。本文介绍了几种国内外已应用的页岩油冷凝回收水洗和油洗工艺。水洗工艺主要介绍了抚顺炉工艺,茂名流化干馏炉工艺,Petrosix炉工艺和Lurgi炉工艺。油洗工艺主要介绍了Galoter炉工艺和ToscoⅡ法油洗工艺。对上述两种工艺从装置和工艺先进性进行对比得到如下结论：水洗工艺成熟,但存在工艺落后、能耗大、循环水量大等缺点。油洗工艺先进,能有效回收高温荒煤气的热量,但目前国内该方面的技术还不成熟,需要深入研究。