苹果籽油提取工艺研究

本试验采用溶剂浸提法和超声波法对苹果籽油的提取进行了研充。溶剂浸提法结果表明：石油醚为提取苹果籽油的适宜溶剂，通过单因素和正交实验得出苹果籽油提取的优化工艺条件为提取温度45℃、提取时间孙、料液比1：6。采用超声波提取结果表明：超声强化不仅可以降低提取温度、缩短提取时间和节省溶剂耗量，超声波功率和提取时间对于苹果籽油的提取均有显著的影响。试验得出，在料液比1：6条件下，以功率250w和时间25min时提取效果最佳。     

超声波辅助与溶剂萃取番木瓜籽油的比较研究

以番木瓜籽为原料,对2种提取番木瓜籽油的工艺和效果进行比较。通过正交试验得到溶剂法提取番木瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶8(g∶m L),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,番木瓜籽油提取率为35.8%;超声波辅助法提取番木瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶4(g∶m L),超声温度50℃,超声时间20 min,超声功率120 W,番木瓜籽油提取率为38.8%。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的番木瓜籽油得率比溶剂法高,并且超声波辅助法比溶剂法提取的时间短、温度低,是一种短时高效的提取方法。     

超声波与溶剂萃取西瓜籽油的对比研究

以西瓜籽为原料,对2种提取西瓜籽油的工艺和效果进行比较。通过正交试验得到溶剂法提取西瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚(b.p.60～90℃),料液比1∶8(g∶mL),提取时间2 h,提取温度80℃,西瓜籽油提取率为48.2%;超声波辅助法提取西瓜籽油的最佳工艺条件为:溶剂选用石油醚,料液比1∶6(g∶mL),超声温度50℃,超声时间50 min,超声功率150 W,西瓜籽油提取率为50.8%。结果表明,超声波辅助法提取的西瓜籽油得率比溶剂法高,并且超声波辅助法比溶剂法提取的时间短、温度低,是一种短时高效的提取方法。     

超声波辅助提取花椒籽油的工艺研究

为了提高花椒的经济价值,充分利用花椒籽中的花椒籽油,以脱蜡花椒籽为原材料,利用超声波辅助提取花椒籽油.首先,通过预处理试验确定最佳提取溶剂,然后,通过单因素试验对影响花椒籽油得率的因素(液料比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率)进行探讨.最后,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以油脂得率为考察指标,对液料比、超声功率、提取时间进行3因素3水平响应面分析,确定了在该试验中超声波辅助处理提取花椒籽油最佳工艺参数:液料比:21.5∶1 (mL/g),提取时间:25 min,提取温度:60℃,超声功率350 W.在此条件下,花椒籽油得率为27.25％.     

石榴籽油提取工艺的研究

以石榴籽为原料,利用超声波辅助有机溶剂提取石榴籽油,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验研究了料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对石榴籽油得率的影响,确定了超声波辅助提取石榴籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,石榴籽油的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶20,提取时间40 min,提取温度50℃,超声波功率400 W。在该条件下石榴籽油得率为21.77%。     

超声波辅助提取玫瑰茄籽油工艺的研究

本试验以玫瑰茄籽为原料,以石油醚为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助法对玫瑰茄籽油脂的提取工艺进行研究。利用正交试验探讨超声时间、超声温度、料液比、超声功率对玫瑰茄籽油得率的影响。结果表明影响玫瑰茄籽油得率的因素主次顺序为：料液比〉功率〉温度〉时间;最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶10、超声功率120W、温度50℃、提取时间40min,得率为11.77%。     

超声波辅助提取和田玉枣cAMP的工艺研究

以和田玉枣为主要研究对象,对超声波辅助提取和田玉枣cAMP的工艺进行系统研究,并与传统溶剂浸提法进行对比.实验结果,超声波辅助提取和田玉枣cAMP的最优工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数15％,提取温度35℃、提取时间50min、液料比20∶1、超声波功率400W;在此工艺条件下,和田玉枣cAMP平均提取率为771.95 μg/g·dw.各因素影响和田玉枣cAMP提取率的影响程度依次如下:提取温度＞液料比＞提取时间＞超声波功率.超声波辅助法与传统溶剂浸提法相比,具有提取速度快,提取率高,提取温度低等明显优势.     

苹果籽油的超声波辅助提取条件优化

以苹果籽为原料,以传统的索氏提取法为参照,采用超声波法辅助提取苹果籽油,研究超声功率、超声时间、超声温度、溶剂用量和物料粒度等单因素对苹果籽出油率和提取率的影响,在单因素的基础上,优化超声波辅助提取条件,并分析苹果籽油的脂肪酸组成,结果表明在粉碎粒度为50目、超声温度45℃、溶剂液料比7:1(mL:g)、超声功率为400 W、超声时间为30 min的条件下苹果籽油的出油率和提取率最高.GC-MS分析表明苹果籽油主要含不饱和脂肪酸,以亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸为主,三者的含量总和占总脂肪酸总量的93%,索氏法和超声辅助法获得的油的成分没有明显差异.     

超声波强化有机溶剂提取石榴籽多酚工艺优化研究

本文以石榴籽为研究对象,通过单因素试验及正交试验研究了超声波辅助提取对石榴籽多酚得率的影响,并对工艺条件进行优化,确定了提取石榴籽多酚的最佳工艺.最佳工艺参数为超声时间25min,温度50℃,料液比1∶18(g∶mL),超声功率200W,在该条件下石榴籽多酚得率为4.65mg/g.通过与普通溶剂浸提法对比验证可知超声波辅助法提取石榴籽多酚具有短时、高效、节能的优点.     

响应面法优化微波辅助提取海蓬子籽油工艺

以成熟海蓬子种子为原料、石油醚为提取溶剂,采用微波辅助法提取海蓬子籽油。在微波温度、微波时间、料液比和微波功率对海蓬子籽油得率影响4 个单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化微波辅助提取海蓬子籽油的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,微波辅助提取海蓬子籽油的最佳工艺条件为：微波温度55 ℃、微波时间5 min、料液比1∶10（g/mL）、微波功率700 W。在此条件下,海蓬子籽油得率为32.58%。与传统索氏抽提法相比,微波辅助提取海蓬子籽油的得率提高了0.15%,而提取时间仅为索氏抽提法的1.39%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press