Synthesis and photoluminescence of Y2O3:RE3+ (RE=Eu, Tb, Dy) porous nanotubes templated by carbon nanotubes

Y2O3:RE3+(RE=Eu, Tb, Dy) porous nanotubes were first synthesized using carbon nanotubes as template. The morphology of the coated precursors and porous Y2O3:Eu3+ nanotubes was determined by scanning electron Microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the coating of precursors on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is continuous and the thickness is about 15 nm, after calcinated, the Y2O3:Eu3+ nanotubes are porous with the diameter size in the range of 50-80 nm and the length in micrometer scale. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the samples are cubic phase Y2O3 and the photoluminescence studies showed that the porous rare earth ions doped nanotubes possess characteristic emission of Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+. This method may also provide a novel approach to produce other inorganic porous nanotubes used in catalyst and sensors.     

The luminescent properties, thermal stability of phthalic acid and energy transfer from phthalic acid to Tb in sol—gel derived silica xerogels

In recent years, the energy transfer between different rare earth ions and the luminescent properties of rare earth ions have been studied extensively. However, the research of luminescent properties, thermal stability and structural variations of organic compounds, as well as their energy transfer to rare earth ions in silica xerogel, have not been reported. Organic—inorganic composites have even more efficient luminescence than pure rare earth ions. We describe the fabrication of silica xerogels doped with phthalic acid and Tb³⁺, their luminescent properties and thermal stability. The results show that, in silica xerogels, phthalic acid can exist steadily at 300 °C, and it can transfer the energy that it has absorbed to Tb³⁺.     

A facile solution-phase approach to the synthesis of luminescent europium methacrylate nanowires and their thermal conversion into europium oxide nanotubes

Novel one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures of rare earth complexes (europium methacrylate (Eu(MA)(3))) have been prepared from the precursor of irregularly shaped Eu(MA)(3) powder in ethanol solvent without the assistance of an added surfactant, catalyst, or template. These hexagonal-shaped complex nanowires have diameters of about 100-300?nm and lengths ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that the precursor powder and the resulting nanowires have identical compositions. Under UV light excitation, strong red fluorescence can be clearly seen throughout the whole wires. This good luminescence characteristic of the complex nanowires is further confirmed by the fluorescence spectrum where strong and narrow emission can be seen. These rare earth complex nanowires provide a useful source for 1D rare earth oxide materials, as the europium ions are distributed uniformly in the Eu(MA)(3) nanowires. Through calcination, the Eu(MA)(3) nanowires are successfully converted into Eu(2)O(3) nanotubes. X-ray investigation confirms that the Eu(2)O(3) nanotubes have a cubic body-centered structure. FTIR measurements and TGA analysis are used to follow the calcination process. A plausible mechanism responsible for the formation of Eu(2)O(3) nanotubes is presented.     

Synthesis, luminescent, and magnetic properties of LaVO4:Eu nanorods

The LaVO₄:Eu nanorods were synthesized successfully by an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-mediated hydrothermal method. The resulting products were characterized using XRD, TEM, HRTEM, Fluorescence Spectrometer and SQUID magnetometer. It was found that Eu³⁺ entered into the LaVO₄ crystalline host lattice and it replaced La³⁺. Consequently the unit cell parameters of LaVO₄:Eu nanorods became smaller. Further studies indicated that the rare earth ions Eu³⁺ improved the properties of the LaVO₄:Eu nanorods evidently. The Eu³⁺ ions doping in LaVO₄ nanorods led to better luminescent properties and magnetic properties than that of pure LaVO₄ nanorods.     

Li2B4O7:Eu3+荧光体的合成及表征

利用Li₂B₄O₇作为基质,掺杂稀土元素Eu³⁺,在空气中合成了Li₂B₄O₇:Eu³⁺荧 光体.探讨了体系的烧结条件,分析了晶体结构,并研究了该体系的荧光性质.结果表明,体 系中同时存在着[BO₄]和[BO₃]结构;稀土离子Eu3+的发光以电偶极跃迁⁵D₀-⁷F₂为主,处 于非中心对称的格位上,并且可以很好地存在于基质中.     

Molten salt synthesis and luminescent properties of YVO4:Ln (Ln = Eu3+, Dy3+) nanophosphors

Eu3+ and Dy(3+)-doped YVO4 nanocrystallites were successfully prepared at 400 degrees C in equal moles of NaNO3 and KNO3 molten salts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and lifetime were used to characterize the nanocrystallites. XRD results demonstrate that NaOH concentration and annealing temperature play important roles in phase purity and crystallinity of the nanocrystallites, the optimum NaOH concentration and annealing temperature being 6:40 and 400 degrees C respectively. TEM micrographs show the nanocrystallites are well crystallized with a cubic morphology in an average grain size of about 18 nm. Upon excitation of the vanadate group at 314 nm, YVO4:Eu3+ and YVO4:Dy3+ nanocrystallites exhibit the characteristic emission of Eu3+ and Dy3+, which indicates that there is an energy transfer from the vanadate group to the rare earth ions. Moreover, the structure and luminescent properties of the nanocrystallites were compared with their bulk counterparts with same composition in detail.     

Molten salt synthesis and luminescent properties of YVO4:Ln (Ln = Eu3+, Dy3+) nanophosphors

Eu3+ and Dy(3+)-doped YVO4 nanocrystallites were successfully prepared at 400 degrees C in equal moles of NaNO3 and KNO3 molten salts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and lifetime were used to characterize the nanocrystallites. XRD results demonstrate that NaOH concentration and annealing temperature play important roles in phase purity and crystallinity of the nanocrystallites, the optimum NaOH concentration and annealing temperature being 6:40 and 400 degrees C respectively. TEM micrographs show the nanocrystallites are well crystallized with a cubic morphology in an average grain size of about 18 nm. Upon excitation of the vanadate group at 314 nm, YVO4:Eu3+ and YVO4:Dy3+ nanocrystallites exhibit the characteristic emission of Eu3+ and Dy3+, which indicates that there is an energy transfer from the vanadate group to the rare earth ions. Moreover, the structure and luminescent properties of the nanocrystallites were compared with their bulk counterparts with same composition in detail.     

Optical properties of eu doped M-Ga2S4 (M: Zn, Ca, Sr) phosphors for white light emitting diodes

Eu2+ doped M-thiogallate (MGa2S4, M: Zn, Ca, Sr) phosphors were prepared by solid-state reaction. The dependence of luminescent properties, photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence, on M2+ ions was investigated. ZnGa2S4: Eu2+, CaGa2S4: Eu2+, and SrGa2S4: Eu2+ exhibited a green emission band at 540 nm, 560 nm, and 535 nm, respectively. The red-shift between CaGa2S4: Eu2+ and SrGa2S4: Eu2+ was originated from the radius difference of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions. However, it did not apply to ZnGa2S4 : Eu2+ despite of smaller radius of Zn2+ ion. The particle size of ZnGa2S4 : Eu2+ was much smaller than those of the other thiogallates, leading to extremely low CL emission.     

Rare earth doped SnO2 nanoscaled powders and coatings: enhanced photoluminescence in water and waveguiding properties

Luminescent Eu3+ and Er3+ doped SnO2 powders have been prepared by Sn4+ hydrolysis followed by a controlled growth reaction using a particle's surface modifier in order to avoid particles aggregation. The powders so obtained doped with up to 2 mol% rare earth ions are fully redispersable in water at pH > 8 and present the cassiterite structure. Particles size range from 3 to 10 nm as determined by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy. Rare earth ions were found to be essentially incorporated into the cassiterite structure, substituting for Sn4+, for doping concentration smaller than 0.05 mol%. For higher concentration they are also located at the particles surface. The presence of Eu3+ ions at the surface of the particles hinder their growth and has therefore allowed the preparation of new materials consisting of water redispersable powders coated with Eu(3+)-beta diketonate complexes. Enhanced UV excited photoluminescence was observed in water. SnO2 single layers with thickness up to 200 nm and multilayer coatings were spin coated on borosilicate glass substrates from the colloidal suspensions. Waveguiding properties were evaluated by the prism coupling technique. For a 0.3 microm planar waveguide single propagating mode was observed with attenuation coefficient of 3.5 dB/cm at 632.8 nm.     

Yb3+、Er3+和Eu3+共掺杂TiO2纳米带的制备与表征

通过离子交换和水热两步合成过程简单制备了Yb3+、Er3+和Eu3+共掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2纳米带。该3种离子共掺杂未导致TiO2结构和形貌发生变化。光学特性测试结果表明,由于稀土离子掺杂浓度低,Eu3+掺杂未改变由Yb3+和Er3+产生的上转换发射峰位,但可观察到因上转换发光激发的Eu3+荧光发射峰;Eu3+荧光光谱也未受到Yb3+和Er3+掺杂的影响。通过对掺杂样品上转换发光机理的考察证实,上转换发光过程是双光子过程,但TiO2和Eu3+掺杂对此发光过程有明显影响。     

Controllable synthesis and luminescence of YPO<Subscript>4</Subscript>:Ln<Superscript>3+</Superscript> (Ln = Eu and Sm) nanotubes

YPO₄:Ln³⁺ (Ln = Eu and Sm) nanotubes were synthesized by a precipitation process in the presence of SDS. The XRD results showed that all samples have a xenotime type tetragonal structure, indicating that doped rare earth ions have no influence on the phase. The SEM and TEM images showed that all samples are nanotubes. On basis of the morphology of samples and the properties of SDS, the possible formation mechanism was speculated. YPO₄:Eu³⁺ and YPO₄:Sm³⁺ nanotubes showed characteristic emission bands of Eu³⁺ and Sm³⁺ ions, respectively. For YPO₄:Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺ nanotubes, the codoping Sm³⁺ ions can enhance the emission intensity of Eu³⁺ ions.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of Sr2SiO4: Eu3+, Dy3+ phosphors by the sol-gel method

The Sr2SiO4:Eu3+, Dy3+ phosphors for white light emitting diodes (LEDs) were synthesized by the sol-gel method. The microstructure and luminescent properties of the obtained Sr2SiO4:Eu3+, Dy3+ particles were well characterized. The results demonstrate that the Sr2SiO4:Eu3+, Dy3+ particles, which have spherical morphology, emitted an intensive white light emission under excitation at 386 nm. The phosphors show three emission peaks: the blue emission at 486 nm corresponding to the 4F(9/2)-6H(15/2) transition of Dy3+, the yellow emission at 575 nm corresponding to the 4F(9/2)-6H(13/2) transition of Dy3+, and the red emission at 615 nm corresponding to the 5D0-7F2 transition of Eu3+. At the same time, the effect of Eu3+ concentration on the emission intensities of Sr2SiO4:Eu3+, Dy3+ was investigated in detail. The phosphors used for white LEDs were obtained by combining near ultraviolet (NUV) light (386 nm) with Sr2SiO4:0.04Dy3+, 0.01Eu3+ phosphors with the characteristic of Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinate (x, y) of (0.33, 0.34), and color temperature Tc of 5,603 K. In addition, the effect of the charge compensators (Li+, Na+, and K+ ions) on the photoluminescence (PL) emission intensities were studied.     

磷光粉表面包覆对铜基磷光复合材料发光及摩擦性能影响

选用热稳定性好的SiO2为包覆物,采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,对商用磷光粉SrAl2O4∶Eu2+,Dy3+表面进行包覆,以解决磷光粉在高温下制备复合材料过程中因与金属粒子接触以及高温氧化产生猝灭的问题。实验通过热压烧结制备块体铜基磷光复合材料,考评包覆工艺对高温下制备的复合材料发光及摩擦性能的影响。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、荧光分光仪等设备对包覆前后磷光粉的表面形貌和发光性能进行分析和表征,采用摩擦试验机对包覆前后磷光粉与高铝青铜粉末混合制备复合材料烧结试样的摩擦性能进行研究。结果表明磷光粉表面包覆可有效避免其在高温下氧化猝灭和接触猝灭,包覆后磷光粉应用于铜基复合材料中可有效降低复合材料的磨损量,提高材料的耐磨性,当包覆比为10%时复合材料的发光性能、耐磨损性能最佳。     

Efficient dual mode multicolor luminescence in a lanthanide doped hybrid nanostructure: a multifunctional material

The present work deals with inorganic-organic hybrid nanostructures capable of producing intense visible emission via upconversion (UC), downconversion (DC), and energy transfer (ET) processes which show the potential of the material as a luminescent solar collector (LSC), particularly to improve the efficiency of silicon solar cells. To achieve this, Gd2O3:Yb3+/Er3+ phosphor (average particle size～35 nm) and a Eu(DBM)3Phen organic complex have been synthesized separately and then the hybrid structure has been developed using a simple mixing procedure. Intense UC emission (in the red, green, and blue regions) due to Er3+ is observed on near infrared (976 nm) excitation which shows color tunability with input pump power. In contrast, intense red emission of Eu3+ is observed on ultaviolet (UV) (355 nm) excitation. The feasibility of energy transfer from Er3+ ions to Eu3+ ions has also been noted. These excellent optical properties are retained even if the particles of the hybrid nanostructure are dispersed in liquid medium, which also makes it suitable for security ink purposes.     

Luminescent properties of rare earth ions in one-dimensional oxide nanowires

Rare-earth doped one-dimensional oxide nanowires including LaPO4, La2O3, and Gd2O3 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. Their luminescent properties including local environments, electronic transitions, energy transfer, and frequency up-conversion luminescence processes were systematically studied. In LaPO4:Eu and La2O3:Eu nanowires, different symmetry sites of Eu3+ ions were identified, which obviously differed from those of the corresponding micrometer-sized particles. This was attributed to crystal field degeneration in the fringe along the length axis. In LaPO4:Eu nanowires, the electronic transition rate of 5D1-sigmaJ7FJ increased approximately 2 times over that of the zero-dimensional nanoparticles and micrometer-sized particles, which was related to the variation of dipole field induced by shape anisotropy. Considering the nonradiative relaxations, meanwhile, the luminescent quantum efficiency for 5D1-sigmaJ7FJ transitions of Eu3+ in nanowires increased 100% over that in nanoparticles and 20% over that in micrometer particles. In Gd2O3:Eu3+, LaPO4:Ce3+, and LaPO4:Tb3+ nanowires and micrometer-sized particles, the electronic transition rate of rare earths had only a little variation. In LaPO4:Ce3+/Tb3+ nanowires, the energy transfer rate of Ce3+--> Tb3+ decreased 3 times compared to that in micrometer rods. Despite this, the brightness for the 5D4-7F5 green emissions of Tb3+ increased several times due to decreased energy transfer from the excited states higher than 5D4 to some defect levels. In Gd2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ nanocrystals, as the shape varied from nanopapers to nanowires, the relative intensity of up-conversion luminescence of 2H(11/2)/4S(3/2)-4I(15/2) and 4F(9/2)-4I(15/2) to the infrared down-conversion luminescence of 4I(13/2)-4I(15/2) increased remarkably, indicating efficient up-conversion luminescence. Our present results indicate that rare-earth-doped oxide nanowires is a type of new and efficient phosphors.     

Eu2+激活的碱土金属铝酸盐磷光体的研究进展

主要概述了Eu^2 激活的碱土金属铝酸盐磷光体的光谱特性，总结了近年来在铝酸盐基质研究以及长余辉机理研究等方面所取得的进展，同时对今后的研究提出了展望。     

Cathodoluminescence of rare earth implanted Ga2O3 and GeO2 nanostructures

Rare earth (RE) doped gallium oxide and germanium oxide micro- and nanostructures, mostly nanowires, have been obtained and their morphological and optical properties have been characterized. Undoped oxide micro- and nanostructures were grown by a thermal evaporation method and were subsequently doped with gadolinium or europium ions by ion implantation. No significant changes in the morphologies of the nanostructures were observed after ion implantation and thermal annealing. The luminescence emission properties have been studied with cathodoluminescence (CL) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both β-Ga(2)O(3) and GeO(2) structures implanted with Eu show the characteristic red luminescence peak centered at around 610 nm, due to the (5)D(0)-(7)F(2) Eu(3+) intraionic transition. Sharpening of the luminescence peaks after thermal annealing is observed in Eu implanted β-Ga(2)O(3), which is assigned to the lattice recovery. Gd(3+) as-implanted samples do not show rare earth related luminescence. After annealing, optical activation of Gd(3+) is obtained in both matrices and a sharp ultraviolet peak centered at around 315 nm, associated with the Gd(3+) (6)P(7/2)-(8)S(7/2) intraionic transition, is observed. The influence of the Gd ion implantation and the annealing temperature on the gallium oxide broad intrinsic defect band has been analyzed.     

Shape controlled synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+-doped REVO4 nanophosphors

Eu3+-doped REVO4 nanphosphors were controllably synthesized by an EDTA-mediated hydrothermal method at 180 degrees C using RE(NO3)3 and Na3VO4 as precursors. The obtained products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The XRD results showed that the products were pure tetragonal structure and no other impurity phase appeared. The PL studies demonstrated Eu3+ ions doping effectively enhanced luminescent properties of LaxRE(1-x)VO4 and YxRE(1-x)VO4 nanoparticles, but EU3+ ions doping did not enhance luminescent properties of CexRE(1-x)VO4 (x not equal 0) nanoparticles. The prepared phosphors showed well-defined red luminescence due to radiative transitions from 5D0 to 7F(J) (J = 1,2) levels of Eu3+ ions, respectively. Furthermore, we reported Eu3+-doped CexRE(1-x)VO4 (x not equal 0) phases represented a new class of optically inactive materials.     

热释发光-正电子湮灭法研究SrAl2O4基磷光体长余辉发光机制

利用传统陶瓷制备方法合成了长余辉SrAl2O4：Eu，Dy发光粉材料，并利用热释发光—正电子湮灭法对该材料的发光性能及机理进行了研究。研究结果表明，掺杂的Eu在基质材料中主要充当发光中心，而Dy离子主要充当陷阱能级。正电子湮灭试验结果表明，Sr0.94Al2O4：Eu0.02和Sr0.94Al2O4：Eu0.02，Dy0.04存在带负电中心的缺陷，共掺杂的Dy^3 进到Sr^2 位，同时产生一定量的Sr空位，热释发光谱结果表明，单掺杂Eu离子的磷光体中缺陷陷阱深度较深，约为0．95eV，随着Dy的共掺杂，热释发光强度相应增加，陷阱深度降为0．51eV，对于长余辉发光机制，认为陷阱能级捕获的空穴与介稳态(Eu^1 )^*的复合，导致了长余辉现象的发生，并且由于陷阱深度的变化，导致余辉性能出现较大的差异。     

Eu3+掺杂的硼酸锶系列荧光体的合成及其发光性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法和高温固相反应法合成了Eu^3 掺杂的SrB4O7、SrB2O4、Sr2B2O5、Sr3B2O6荧光体．荧光光谱测试结果表明在不同基质中Eu^3 的荧光发射是有区别的，Sr2B2O5：Eu^3 、Sr3B2O7：Eu^3 发射峰在610nm左右的红光区，SrB2O4：Eu^3 的发射峰在593nm的橙色区，而SrB4O7：Eu^3 则表现出了Eu^2 离子的特征峰，产生这种区别主要是由Eu^3 所处的配位环境不同造成的．荧光体SrB4O7：Eu^3 、SrB2O4：Eu^3 、Sr2B2O5：Eu^3 、Sr3B2O6：Eu^3 的最佳掺杂浓度为2％左右．