基于面结构光投影法的刀具几何参数测量研究

先进制造技术中高效切削刀具的几何形状与几何参数是否合理直接影响刀具的使用寿命以及产品的加工质量,针对这个问题,采用面结构光投影法对高效切削刀具的几何参数进行非接触式测量,此方法不仅能够准确重建出用于其几何参数测量的刀具三维模型,还能够直观反映刀具表面有无缺陷。主要对面结构光投影法基本思想、测量系统数学模型和点云旋转拼接进行了研究,并给出了刀具转台坐标系和CCD摄像机成像坐标系之间的变换关系,并对直柄麻花钻进行测量实验,实际结果测量结果的比较表明面结构光投影法可有效对刀具进行测量,且测量精度较高。     

基于机器视觉的刀具几何参数测量技术

在金属零件加工过程中,加工刀具不可避免的产生磨损.如不能及时采取描施,将产生很大的加工误差.把基于计算机图像处理的机器视觉技术引入到刀具参数测量中,提出利用计算机视觉代替人艰对刀具参数进行自动测量的方法,并在Delphi平台上开发了一种专用测量软件系统,利用图像预处理和边缘检测等处理技术,实现了刀具几何参教测量的自动化.应用结果表明,基于机器视觉的刀具几何参数测量系统克服了人工测量所造成的各种误差,重复测量精度达到2μm,大大提高了测量精度和效率.     

刀具参数检测装置的光学系统设计

对刀具几何参数检测装置的光学系统进行了深入的研究与分析,并根据总体方案设计的要求,对光学系统的设计指标进行设定和参数的优化.将该套装置应用到刀具几何参数的测量仪器中,实验测试数据表明仪器的测量精度达到±2μm.     

基于亚像素边缘检测的刀具几何参数测量

为了提高刀具几何参数图像测量精度,基于矩法理论,提出了一种亚像素边缘检测算法。该方法的基本思想是采用灰度空间矩,将图像边缘特征离散为亚像素级特征点,并用Matlab实现图像的处理。实验证明,基于亚像素特征点提取检测的刀具几何参数具有较高测量精度,且计算量小,具有很好的抗噪性能。     

基于图像处理的刀具几何参数测量技术研究

采用图像预处理和边缘检测等图像处理技术自动测量刀具的长度、直径、圆角半径和两个刀刃的角度,利用Delphi平台上开发的基于图像处理的测量软件可以在瞬间检测出刀具几何参数,实现了刀具几何参数测量的自动化。针对刀具的边缘轮廓形状特征,运用了二值化、中值滤波、边缘检测、轮廓提取和参数提取等图像处理技术。使用高分辨率CCD摄像设备并配备光学放大系统,可实现对高精度和微小刀具几何尺寸参数的测量。满足刀具测量的精度高、自动化程度高、重复性好等要求。     

基于图像处理技术的钻头后角测量方法研究

刀具的几何形状参数对刀具的加工性能及使用寿命有很大的影响,因此其测量精度显得十分重要。本文提出了一种基于图像处理技术的钻头法向后角测量方法,介绍了测量系统的组成,给出了钻头后角测量的基本流程。钻头后角测量实例证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于图像处理的刀具角度测量系统

针对加工过程中刀具磨损会影响零件加工精度的问题,利用图像处理技术实现了刀具角度的测量,以达到对刀具磨损情况进行动态跟踪的目的。以Matlab软件作为图像处理平台,通过图像灰度转换、二值化、边缘提取等技术手段,获得了刀具边缘轮廓,进一步用最小二乘法将轮廓拟合,最终求出了刀具角度。实验结果表明,该方法能较好地测量刀具角度,也可用于刀具几何参数的测试。     

PCD刀具几何参数对铝合金加工表面粗糙度的影响

文中研究了PCD刀具在不同的刀具几何参数下车削铝合金的加工表面粗糙度.分别改变刀具的前角、后角和刀尖圆弧半径3个几何参数做单因素切削试验,试验后利用表面轮廓仪测量工件的表面粗糙度,最后分析刀具几何参数对加工表面粗糙度的影响.     

刀具几何参数检测装置的光学系统设计

对刀具几何参数检测装置的光学系统进行了深入的研究与分析,并设计出一套测量精度为的光学检测系统.该光学系统分为成像系统和照明系统两部分,并分别利用远心光路和柯勒照明方式对其进行了详细地设计.该光学系统的研制成功,能够大大提高刀具检测装置的测量精度.具有良好的工程应用价值.     

基于图像处理技术的刀具测量系统

阐述了一种高精度刀具测量系统.被测刀具采用白炽灯照明.其图像由数码相机摄取并通过USB接口传输到计算机中,图像处理程序采用Zernike正交矩亚像素算法提取刀具轮廓,计算出刀具的精确几何参数,并从串口输出.文章详细讨论了Zernike正交矩算法,并对实际测量结果进行了分析,证明系统精度可达到4μm.     

Investigation of diamond cutting tool lapping system based on on-machine image measurement

The profile tolerance of diamond cutting tool??s edge is one of the key factors in affecting machining accuracy. With the development of ultra-precision machining technology for optical free-form surfaces and optical microstructures, the demand for high-precision round nose diamond cutting tools is increasing. In this study, an on-machine image processing approach is applied to cutting edge geometry truing process, and profile data of cutting edge in sub-pixel precision is acquired using a series of image processing methods. According to the profile captured, the deviation from an ideal cutting edge is calculated and feedbacked to the controller. The lapping system is employed to lap the cutting edge pertinently using the deviation and the corresponding position captured, and the round edge of high accuracy is obtained efficiently. This method can avoid the error caused by the process of refixturing for offline measurement in the traditional lapping method of diamond cutting tool and reduce the influence of human factors. A truing experiment for cutting edge of the monocrystal diamond cutting tool is carried out at the developed lapping system based on on-machine image measurement, and round cutting edge of profile tolerance less than or equal to ±0.5???m is achieved.     

An integrated method for measurement of diamond tools based on AFM

The measurement and evaluation technology of high precision diamond tools is critically important for supporting the ultra-precision machining. In practical cutting process, the edge profile quality of the diamond tool, including sharpness, micro defects, roughness and tip arc waviness, greatly affects the cutting quality. It is very difficult to measure and evaluate the diamond tool edge profile due to the high precision of tool edge profile and complexity of various measurement parameters. In this paper, an integrated method for measurement and characterization of diamond tools is proposed, which is based on an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) module. Multiple technical indexes of diamond tools are obtained and validated based on the presented research and cutting experiments, and the evaluation model for each technical index is also proposed. The integrated measurement equipment, including an AFM, precision adjustment device and aerostatic bearings, has been established based on the accuracy requirement of measurement parameters. The edge sharpness, micro defects, surface roughness and tip arc waviness have been obtained based on the evaluation model and experimental data. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements of the comprehensive evaluation of the diamond tool edge profile. The research work will also contribute to the development of ultra-precision machine.     

An edge reversal method for precision measurement of cutting edge radius of single point diamond tools

A method, which is referred to as the edge reversal method, is proposed for precision measurement of the cutting edge radius of single point diamond tools. An indentation mark of the cutting edge which replicates the cutting edge geometry is firstly made on a soft metal substrate surface. The cutting edge of the diamond tool and its indentation mark, which is regarded as the reversal cutting edge, are then measured by utilizing an atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The cutting edge radius can be accurately evaluated through removing the influence of the AFM probe tip radius, which is comparable to the cutting edge radius, based on the two measured data without characterization of the AFM probe tip radius. The results of measurement experiments and uncertainty analysis are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.     

硬质合金孔加工刀具的技术进展

简要介绍了现代制造技术中常用孔加工刀具的种类、硬质合金刀具的材料与制备.以钻头为例,分析了刀具参数、刃磨、刃口钝化技术对切削性能的影响,综述了硬质合金孔加工刀具技术的发展趋势.     

切削-挤压翅片管成形过程的研究

采用无屑切削-挤压成形技术加工翅片管。对翅片的成形过程和加工刀具的特点进行了研究,建立了翅片尺寸的理论模型;通过单因素试验,获得了主偏角、切削深度、进给量、切削速度等工艺参数对翅片尺寸的影响规律;以正交试验为基础,获得了翅片高度和厚度的经验公式。理论和试验研究表明,切削用量参数和刀具几何参数的精确匹配是翅片成形的关键。     

TOOL FORCE MODEL FOR DIAMOND TURNING

A new tool force model to be presented is based upon process geometry and the characteristics of the force system, in which the forces acting on the tool rake face, the cutting edge rounding and the clearance face have been considered, and the size effect is accountable for the new model. It is desired that the model can be well applicable to conventional diamond turning and the model may be employed as a tool in the design of diamond tools. This approach is quite different from traditional investigations primarily based on empirical studies. As the depth of cut becomes the same order as the rounded cutting edge radius, sliding along the clearance face due to elastic recovery of workpiece material and plowing due to the rounded cutting edge may become important in micro-machining, the forces acting on the cutting edge rounding and the clearance face can not be neglected. For this reason, it is very important to understand the influence of some parameters on tool forces and develop a model of the relatio     

刀具管理系统技术研究

给出了刀具信息管理系统的总体设计和规划,阐述了各功能模块。使用本系统,可以对刀具信息进行有效管理,能够根据工艺特征等条件选择出适合加工的刀具以及给出优化的切削参数。该系统通用性强、使用灵活,具有良好的开放性,可大大提高刀具选择及确定切削参数的效率。     

MECHANISM OF CHIP FORMATION IN HIGH-SPEED TURNING OF INCONEL 718

The mechanism of serrated chip formation during high-speed turning of Inconel 718 using PCBN cutting tools has been investigated with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. A conceptual model of chip formation has been developed knowing the chip morphology. It is followed by the analysis of chip segmentation frequency and the chip forms. Further, the chip segment forms and geometry were quantitatively characterized as a function of machining parameters and the cutting edge geometry using statistical methods. The chip morphology has been correlated with the cutting forces, specific shearing energy and the resultant roughness of the machined surfaces.     

A new method for the characterisation of rounded cutting edges

The influence of the cutting edge micro geometry on cutting process and on tool performance is subject of several research projects. Recently published papers focus on optimising the cutting edge rounding. The results are partly inconsistent. Unfortunately, no international standard yet exists to properly describe the cutting edge micro geometry. This is seen as the root cause for detected discrepancies. To develop a common understanding for the influence of rounded cutting edges, it is indispensable to use the same basis to characterise the edge profile. This paper gives a review on existing characterisation methods, analyses the difficulties in their application and discusses different modelling ideas to describe the cutting edge profile. Based hereon, a new algorithm and geometrical parameterisation of the cutting edge is proposed, which reduces uncertainties and difficulties in the application of currently available methods. The proposed method considers measurement uncertainties and is robust against form errors and creates thus the basis required for the study of the influence of rounded cutting edges.