Deformability of ShKh15 steel during cold plastic deformation

The effect of anomalous structural constituents in ShKh15 steel on its technological ductility during cold deformation has been studied. Additional high tempering of hot-rolled billets subjected to spheroidizing annealing is shown to remove retained lamellar pearlite and needle carbides, increasing the technological ductility of this ball-bearing steel.     

Analysis of the annealing kinetics of ShKh15 steel sludge waste

Conclusions In ShKh15 steel powder particles internal stresses are relieved during heating to a temperature at which they sinter to porous sponge. The processes taking place during the reduction annealing of sludges are described by an equation of chemical kinetics. The energies of activation for the sintering of filing and roll-forming sludge particles are practically identical and equal to 30 kJ/mole. ShKh15 steel sludge waste can be processed to give powder with a density ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 g/cm³.1.0% C-1.5% Cr ball-bearing grade — Publisher.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 3(303), pp. 16–20, March, 1988.The authors are grateful to I. V. Uvara for the determination of the specific surfaces of powders.     

Nonmetallic inclusions in electric furnace steel ShKh15SG-V bars

The mechanisms of formation and the methods of controlling nonmetallic inclusions (NIs) in bearing steel are considered. The number and composition of NIs in electric furnace ShKh15SG-V steel bars made using various versions of heat and out-of-furnace treatment are studied by fractional gas analysis and number estimation according to State Standard GOST 801-79. A high calcium content is found to result in large globular NI numbers in the bars. Fractional gas analysis is shown to correctly determine the oxide inclusion content in steel.     

Nonmetallic inclusions in ShKh15 steel powder and solid compacts

Conclusions To obtain metal which is comparatively free from endogenic nonmetallic inclusions, it is necessary to refine it more thoroughly in the furnace or subject it to treatment outside the furnace, in the ladle (argon blasting, vacuum treatment, treatment with synthetic slags). Contamination by exogenic inclusions can be reduced by preventing slag from reaching the atomization zone, protecting the particle surfaces against oxidation during atomization, and careful preparation of lined guides.1.0% C-1.5% Cr ball-bearing steel-Publisher.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 10(298), pp. 17–19, October, 1987.     

Assessment of the effectiveness of compaction of ShKh15 steel powders by hot extrusion

Conclusions Hot extrusion enables high-density steel to be obtained from an ShKh15 powder at a reduction = 2.15 (degree of deformation 33%). The strength of P/M ShKh15 steel after extrusion and annealing lies in the range 720–780 MPa, and thus surpasses the strength of the same steel produced by casting (650–700 MPa), while the ductility characteristics of the two steels are comparable.Translated from Poroshkoyaya Metallurgiya, No. 1(289), pp. 25–28, January, 1987.A 1.0% C-1. 5% Cr ball-bearing stell grade — Publisher.Deceased.     

Preparation and properties of P/M ShKh15 steel from machining waste

1% C-1.5% Cr ball-bearing grade — Publisher.     

Tribotechnical Properties of Composite Materials Produced from ShKh15SG Steel Grinding Waste

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics - The structure and antifriction properties acquired by a new composite produced from ShKh15SG structural steel grinding waste with additions of CaF2 solid...