半钢炼钢化渣剂的开发和应用

针对半钢在冶炼中具有硅、锰等元素生成的氧化物少,成渣困难,吹炼过程热量少的特点,研究了减少渣量、改造渣系结构、提高炉渣冶金能力的方法,制定出3种渣料配比方案.通过对初期渣形成时间、过程冶炼情况、造渣材料消耗、炉渣脱磷、脱硫效果和改造前后终渣成分的对比,3种化渣剂均能缩短半钢炼钢成渣时间,合理调整炉渣碱度,降低渣中FeO含量,改善渣系结构,提高炉渣冶金效果,是半钢炼钢有效的化渣剂.     

转炉用溅渣镁球造渣技术

针对转炉炉渣MgO含量偏低的现象,对转炉使用溅渣镁球代替轻烧白云石造渣技术,合理控制溅渣镁球的加入量,达到降低终渣FeO、提高渣中MgO来迅速降低炉渣过热度等目的,从而可以缩短溅渣时间,提高溅渣层的抗侵蚀能力,最大限度发挥溅渣护炉效果,延长补炉间隔时间,节约耐火材料,提高生产作业率,并降低炼钢的冶炼成本。     

转炉溅渣护炉改质剂的开发研究

影响转炉溅渣护炉效果的关键因素是终渣成分的控制,采用改质剂对转炉终渣成分进行调整,降低渣中FeO含量和炉渣温度,提高MgO含量和炉渣熔点及粘度,有利于改善炉渣与炉衬的粘结效果,并提高溅渣层的耐蚀性能,缩短溅渣起孕时间,在一定程度上抑制炉渣中铁的氧化物与炉衬中石墨的反应.     

溅渣护炉工艺探讨

从炉渣对炉衬和溅渣层的侵蚀机理入手,提出了兼顾冶金和溅渣双重效果的直接造渣工艺,探讨了终渣碱度、MgO、FeO含量等的调整范围,分析了溅渣操作中枪位、时间等的控制和炉底上涨的原因,以期更好地运用溅渣护炉技术。     

舞钢120t转炉终渣MgO含量控制实践

通过研究舞钢公司120 t转炉终渣成分及部分过程冶炼参数,分析了出钢温度、炉渣碱度及TFe含量对终渣MgO含量的影响。结果表明:转炉终渣MgO含量随出钢温度提高而增加,随炉渣碱度及终渣TFe含量提高而降低。     

减轻低碳低磷钢冶炼炉衬侵蚀及炉渣成分优化

通过实验室管式高温炉蘸渣试验和理论计算,研究了转炉冶炼低碳低磷钢的终渣(FeO)含量、(MgO)含量和碱度对炉渣物化性能和溅渣护炉炉衬保护的影响.试验优化前,终炉渣(FeO)质量分数为31.5％,(MgO)质量分数为8％,通过调整炉渣碱度,炉渣的固相率依然接近0％,炉渣溅渣后难以残留在炉壁上,不能对炉衬起到保护的效果....     

转炉气化脱磷炉渣留渣吹炼成渣路线理论分析

转炉渣作为炼钢工艺的副产品,具有极大的综合利用潜力,但磷元素富集限制了在炉内循环利用。基于溅渣护炉过程中进行熔渣气化脱磷操作,在实验室开展焦炭还原转炉渣气化脱磷热态试验。研究结果表明：留渣碱度在2.81～3.71时,气化脱磷渣的磷分配比随炉渣碱度的升高而增大;留渣的FeO质量分数在16%～28%时,随着FeO含量的增加,气化脱磷渣的磷分配比增大。气化脱磷渣具备一定的脱磷能力,在脱磷阶段的理论成渣路线应遵循高FeO含量,碱度先由高到低,然后缓慢增加,成渣过程中理论渣系控制在R=1.55～3.17,w(FeO)=28%～46%。采用该成渣路线进行生产实践,终点钢水磷质量分数降低了0.006百分点,钢铁料消耗降低了4 kg/t,渣料消耗降低了4.6 kg/t,既保证了高效脱磷,又降低了冶炼成本。     

在镁碳质炉衬工作面上形成“炉渣涂层”的方法探讨

通过调整转炉终渣成分的试验表明:使含MgO饱和的渣中MnO含量达到6～7％,且控制炉渣碱度和∑FeO浓度在一定范围,能有效地在镁碳质炉衬工作面上形成炉渣涂层。文中讨论了MnO、∑FeO、SiO_2对形成炉渣涂层的作用。     

高炉喷吹煤气对成渣过程的影响

向高炉喷吹富氢煤气代替喷煤对高炉成渣过程产生重要的影响.对喷吹煤气后高炉的成渣过程进行了模拟研究,结果表明:FeO的含量决定了初渣的性能.在炉腹区域,氢气具有很强的还原能力,渣中FeO含量迅速减少,但同时炉渣成分快速接近终渣成分,使炉腹渣仍具有较好的熔化性和流动性.由于没有未燃煤粉和煤粉灰分的加入,初渣到终渣的成分变化较小,改善了喷煤气高炉的成渣过程.     

应用氧浓差电池研究炼钢炉渣的氧化性

在实验室条件下,应用氧浓差电池测定了炼钢炉渣氧分压。以测出的炉渣氧分压表示炉渣氧化性,既能在生产过程中迅速得到结果,又能真正表示出炉渣氧化能力。在一定温度下,炉渣中游离的FeO和Fe_2O_3的氧分解压以及从炉气进入而单独存在于渣中的氧,构成炉渣氧分压。CaO、MgO、Al_2O_3和siO_2氧化物的氧分解压很低,对炉渣氧分压的影响可不考虑。将装有待测渣样的小型铂坩埚装入钼丝炉中,待渣样熔化、温度稳定后,插入氧浓差电池直接测定炉渣氧分压。测定结果表明,在氧化性气氛和还原性气氛下,除渣中(％ΣFeO)对炉渣氧分压有影响外,炉气成分是最主要的影响因素。在氩气气氛下,炉渣氧分压随渣中(％ΣFeO)的增加而有明显的增加。     

FeO、Al2O3和MgO质量分数对高炉初渣黏度的影响

以涟钢7号高炉软熔带炉料滴落形成的初渣为研究对象进行化学成分分析,采用分析纯试剂制备高炉炉渣渣样,探究CaO SiO2 MgO Al2O3 FeO五元渣系中,w(FeO)为3%～8%、w(Al2O3)为9%～13%及w(MgO)为2%～6%对涟钢7号高炉初渣黏度和熔化性温度的影响规律。结果表明,在碱度为1.373时,炉渣黏度随FeO质量分数的增加而减小,且FeO质量分数越大,炉渣的熔化性温度越低;当w(MgO)为7.38%、w(FeO)为5%时,炉渣黏度和熔化性温度都随着Al2O3质量分数的增加而减小;当w(Al2O3)为10.95%、w(FeO)为5%时,随着MgO质量分数的增加,炉渣黏度和熔化性温度都呈现降低趋势。     

MIVM对FeO-MgO-SiO2-V2O3四元熔渣体系组元活度的预测

应用分子相互作用体积模型(MIVM)及其伪多元法对FeO-MgO-SiO2和CaO-MgO-FeO-SiO2熔渣中FeO组元的活度进行了验证性预测研究.结果表明:MIVM伪多元法预测值与实验值吻合良好.在此基础上,利用MIVM建立了FeO-MgO-V2O3-SiO2和CaO-FeO-V2 O3-SiO2四元熔渣组元活度的计算式,并计算了该熔渣中V2O3、CaO、MgO、FeO和SiO2的活度;分析了用CaO取代MgO时,FeO含量的变化对其各组元活度的影响,当用CaO取代MgO时,熔渣中各组元的活度都明显减小.     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO渣系FeO活度的计算模型

利用熔渣结构共存理论建立了CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO渣系FeO活度的计算模型,并分析了1400℃时炉渣碱度、MgO和FeO含量对该渣系FeO活度的影响规律。结果表明：当CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FeO渣系三元碱度为1.3,Al2O3含量为12wt%,FeO含量为2wt%条件下,随MgO含量的增加,炉渣FeO活度增大;当二元碱度为1.1,Al2O3含量为12wt%,MgO含量为10wt%时,FeO活度随随渣中FeO含量的增加呈线性增加;当渣中Al2O3、MgO和FeO含量分别为12wt%、10wt%和2wt%固定不变时,随着二元碱度的提高,炉渣FeO活度迅速增加。计算得到的上述规律和实测规律一致,说明了本模型用于分析FeO活度的正确性。     

Slag Melting Characteristic of Slag Forming and Slag Splashing for BOF Less Slag Smelting

 The slag melting characteristic of slag forming and slag splashing for 300 t BOF less slag process is researched by combining the methods of the slag chemical composition, the melting point determination and the petrographic analysis. The results show that the melting point of final slag for less slag smelting is 20 ℃ lower than that for conventional smelting. According to results of the petrographic analysis, the C3S (3CaO·SiO2) and C2S (2CaO·SiO2) content for less slag smelting are lower than those for conventional smelting, while the RO (FeO, MgO, MnO, etc) phase and C4AF (4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3) phase are higher than those for conventional smelting. According to results of the chemical analysis, the (CaO) content and slag basicity for less slag smelting are higher than those for conventional smelting, while (FeO) and (MgO) content in slag for less slag smelting are almost equal to those for conventional smelting. The reason why slag melting point for less slag smelting is lower than that for conventional smelting is that the quantity of added fluorite for less slag smelting is more than that for conventional smelting. According to the analysis results the slag melting point is determined by the C3S, C2S, RO phase and C4AF content. According to the results of slag melting characteristic before and after slag splashing for less slag smelting, the present adjusting slag process has little effect. It is important to adjust the composition of BOF final slag. The (FeO) content in slag is to be reduced at the slag splashing and adjusting slag process for less slag smelting.     

Adhesive Behaviour of BOF Slag to BOF Lining Refractory in Slag Splashing Process

A slag layer is formed when slag is splashed onto refractory lining in BOF slag splashing process. The melting temperature of the slag layer and the adhesion of the slag layer to the lining refractory have an important effect on slag splashing and BOF lining life. This study investigates the adhesive behaviour of slag with different composition to lining refractories. It is shown that the slag can adhere to MgO particles in MgO‐C bricks well and no reaction is found between the MgO particles and the slag layer, but a gas gap exists at the interface between the slag layer and the MgO‐C matrix and there are iron granules within the slag layer, when the FeO content in the slag is high. The adhesion of the slag layer to the lining refractory can be improved with decreasing FeO content in the slag and lower carbon content in the MgO‐C bricks. BOF refractory lining life can be greatly increased due to better adhesion, high melting temperature, and stronger wear‐resistance of the slag layer.     

电渣重熔六元渣系FeO活度的研究

利用熔渣分子—离子共存理论,研究了电渣重熔20%CaO-20%Al_2O_3-60%CaF_2渣系在冶炼过程中,由于吸收MgO、FeO、SiO_2等夹杂物后,在渣中形成了一定浓度的FeO,而使渣系具有向钢液传递[O]的能力,考察了1 550℃下FeO、MgO质量分数以及二元碱度w(CaO)/w(SiO_2)对FeO活度的影响;分析了该渣系在1 550、1 600、1 650、1 700、1 750和1 800℃下FeO活度随温度的变化情况,构建了20%CaO-20%Al_2O_3-60%CaF_2为基础渣系的六元渣系的FeO活度的模型.研究表明:FeO活度随二元碱度w(CaO)/w(SiO_2)的增加而先增大至趋于平缓后略微减小,在碱度为3.8达到最大;FeO活度随FeO质量分数增加而线性增加,高碱度时,随FeO质量分数增加FeO活度相近;碱度为1时,FeO的活度随MgO的质量分数增加而增大,随温度升高而增加,且MgO含量越高,FeO活度越大;当碱度增加到4、7、10时,FeO的活度随MgO的质量分数增加而减小,相同质量分数的MgO时,碱度越大,FeO活度值越小;碱度为4,MgO的质量分数为1%时,FeO活度达到最大值,高碱度时,温度升高,FeO活度基本保持不变,且同一温度下,碱度越大,FeO活度反而降低.工业试验表明,该模型可以直接利用渣系对金属熔体中氧含量变化进行预测,并对减小钢液中氧含量具有指导意义.     

Measurement of FeO activity and solubility of MgO in smelting slags

In bath smelting, the FeO activity of the slag must be known to predict the equilibrium of slag-metal reactions and for effective control of the rate of reduction in the system. Also, knowledge of the solubility of MgO in these slags is useful for reducing refractory consumption. A series of measurements of the FeO activity in simulated bath smelting slags (CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO_sat-FeO) were conducted by the electromotive force (EMF) technique. The influence of the slag composition on the relationship between the FeO activity coefficient and FeO content was studied. It has been found that the measured FeO activity coefficient decreases with increasing FeO content in the slag and increases slightly with increasing slag basicity, which is defined as (CaO + MgO)/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃) on a mole fraction basis. The measured values of the FeO activity coefficient are in reasonable agreement with previously published data. The solubility of MgO was also measured and found to rang from 16 to 30 pct and decrease with increasing basicity.     

Coexistence Theory of Slag Structure and Its Application to Calculation of Oxidizing Capability of Slag Melts

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