粉煤灰、矿渣掺量对胶砂强度的影响

对不同粉煤灰、矿渣掺量的胶砂抗压、抗折强度进行了研究.结果表明,水泥胶砂中随粉煤灰取代水泥量增加,胶砂3d、28d抗压和抗折强度不断减小.水泥胶砂中随矿渣取代水泥量增加,胶砂3d抗压和抗折强度不断减小;当矿渣取代量小于55％时,胶砂28d的抗压和抗折强度均稍有提高,当矿渣取代量大于60％时,胶砂28d的抗压和抗折强度均...     

矿物掺合料对碱式硫酸镁水泥耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究粉碱式硫酸镁水泥耐硫酸盐腐蚀性能,对不同材料组成的碱式硫酸镁水泥浸入水和硫酸钠溶液中各龄期抗折强度、抗压强度、质量变化及水化产物进行了分析.结果表明,在0.3 mol/L的硫酸钠溶液试验环境下,掺入粉煤灰对水泥抗折抗蚀性能改善较为显著,而掺入矿渣对水泥抗压抗蚀性能改善较为显著.掺入粉煤灰和矿渣的碱式硫酸镁水泥180 d的抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数与未掺加矿物掺和料的碱式硫酸镁水泥相比分别提高了0.61和0.15;掺入粉煤灰和矿渣的碱式硫酸镁水泥各龄期的吸水率均低于未加外掺料的碱式硫酸镁水泥的吸水率,同时粉煤灰和矿渣的掺入能有效抑制Mg(OH)2晶相的产生.     

超细熟料活性效应及充填效应对石灰石硅酸盐水泥性能影响

为提高水泥熟料的有效利用率,降低水泥生产成本,改善石灰石硅酸盐水泥性能。用超细熟料、石灰石粉配制了石灰石硅酸盐水泥,在此基础上,研究了超细熟料充填效应对石灰石硅酸盐水泥堆积密实度、净浆流动性和胶砂强度的影响,以及超细熟料活性效应对胶砂强度和水化产物的影响。结果表明:超细熟料-石灰石粉复合水泥的颗粒充填堆积密实度与净浆流动性有一定的关联性,即堆积密实度越大越能改善净浆流动性;与普通细度水泥熟料对比,超细熟料具有更高的水化活性,提高了复合水泥的抗压、抗折强度,超细熟料掺量为30%时各龄期的活性效应最为理想;超细熟料的填充密实效应提高了复合水泥胶砂强度,当超细熟料掺量为30%时填充效应对强度影响最显著;与普通细度水泥熟料对比,超细熟料中的C_3A与石灰石粉中的CaCO_3反应生成了更多的水化碳铝酸钙。     

氧化石墨烯沙漠砂水泥基复合材料力学性能研究

通过正交试验,分析了氧化石墨烯(GO)掺量、沙漠砂替代率、水灰比和胶砂比对GO-沙漠砂水泥基复合材料28 d的抗压强度、抗折强度和稠度值的影响趋势.在正交试验基础上,进一步揭示沙漠砂替代率和GO掺量对复合材料7d、28 d抗压强度和抗折强度的影响规律.试验研究表明:随着GO掺量的增加,水泥基复合材料抗折和抗压强度先提高后降低,且对于抗压强度增强效果略超过抗折强度.当GO掺量为0.03wt％时,GO-沙漠砂砂浆试块抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大值;随着沙漠砂替代率增加,GO-沙漠砂砂浆试块抗折和抗压强度呈现先增大后减小趋势,沙漠砂替代率为50％时,氧化石墨烯沙漠砂砂浆试块抗压强度和抗折强度均达到最大值;但沙漠砂替代率为100％时,掺量为0.03wt％的GO-全沙漠沙水泥基材料强度提升最高,且28 d抗压、抗折强度可达标准砂试块强度.通过SEM对GO增强沙漠砂水泥基复合材料微观结构进行表征,发现GO能够优化水泥水化产物的微观结构形态,并且与沙漠砂活性材料产生正相关作用,从而形成更加致密均匀的结构改善沙漠砂水泥基复合材料的宏观性能.     

偏高岭土、矿渣和赤泥对高性能混合水泥性能影响的研究

通过用硅酸盐水泥、偏高岭土等混合材、膨胀剂及减水剂等制备混合水泥的研究发现：偏高岭土和赤泥的加入使水泥的凝结时间缩短,矿渣的加入延长了水泥的凝结时间;偏高岭土和矿渣对水泥的胶砂流动性影响较小,赤泥的加入使得水泥胶砂流动性显著降低;适量偏高岭土的加入对水泥的3d和28d强度均有增强作用,适量矿渣的加入使水泥抗折强度降低,抗压强度增大;少量的赤泥对水泥强度特别是早期强度有一定的增强作用,但掺量超过20％后水泥强度迅速降低;偏高岭土对水泥微膨胀的产生有促进作用,矿渣和赤泥对水泥微膨胀有抑制作用。用80％～90％的硅酸盐水泥、10％～20％的偏高岭土以及少量的膨胀剂和减水剂能够制备出具有较优流动性、较高的强度以及微膨胀的高性能混合水泥。     

胶凝材料和外加剂的匹配对硅酸盐水泥基双组分自流平砂浆性能的影响

现有自流平砂浆多由硫铝酸盐水泥和固体外加剂制备，导致成本高、保质期短、性能不稳定。本文采用普通硅酸盐水泥-超细硅酸盐水泥-矿粉三元复合胶凝材料和液体外加剂制备了硅酸盐水泥基双组分自流平砂浆，研究了胶凝材料和外加剂的组成与匹配对自流平砂浆的流动性、力学强度、干缩的影响。结果表明，0.55水胶比、5%超细硅酸盐水泥、4%Ⅱ型石膏、0.5‰减缩剂和12%HCSA高性能膨胀剂制备得到的硅酸盐水泥双组分自流平砂浆，初始流动度和20 min流动度可达到140 mm以上，1 d抗压和抗折强度分别为6.2 MPa和5.2 MPa,7 d拉伸粘结强度可达1.45 MPa,7 d收缩值仅为0.1%，可基本达到目标砂浆性能。     

新型高效萘系减水剂的合成及性能研究

以萘、甲醛、浓硫酸、氢氧化钠、卤代衍生物为原料,用离子交换反应合成了一种新型萘系高效减水剂.其性能测试结果表明:(1)掺量5‰～12‰时,减水率达13%～21%;(2)最佳掺量为6‰左右,其水泥胶砂强度实验28d抗压强度达66.3MPa,抗折强度为11.5MPa;(3)该高效减水剂与市售萘系高效减水剂FDN相比,其净浆流动性更好,保塑时间更长;(4)水泥早期水化电阻率测定结果显示,电阻率随新型高效减水剂掺量的增加而升高,且水化诱导前期和诱导期需时变长.     

聚乙烯醇纤维掺量对水泥胶砂力学性能的影响

为了研究聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维的掺量对水泥胶砂力学性能的影响,采用硫铝酸盐水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、聚乙烯醇纤维等材料制备40 mm×40 mm×160 mm胶砂试件,通过流动度试验、抗折试验、抗压试验测试7组试件的力学性能。试验结果表明,随着纤维掺量的增加,胶砂的流动度逐渐降低。抗折、抗压试验中,试件的抗折强度均比不加纤维的有不同程度提高,掺加质量分数0.20%的PVA纤维的试件3、7、28 d的抗折强度均最大;试件的抗压强度和抗折强度的变化规律相同。韧性数值表明,试件在龄期为3 d的测试结果呈上升趋势,龄期为7 d和28 d呈下降趋势。经综合比较,PVA纤维质量分数为0.20%时,试件的力学性能最佳。     

玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥的加速老化试验与微观机理

为了研究玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥材料的长期强度,正确评价其耐久性能,采用SIC(Strand In Cement)试验方法,分别测定了玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥GRBMS试样在50℃、80 ℃热水加速老化试验条件下的抗折强度变化.运用XRD和SEM分析其水化产物组成和微观结构形貌,观察了玻璃纤维在碱式硫酸镁水泥基体中的腐蚀特征.结果表明:GRBMS试样试样在老化条件下,抗折强度随着时间的增加有明显的下降,原因是碱式硫酸镁水泥中针杆状的517相分解为片状无胶结性能的Mg(OH)2;80℃老化下试样强度保留率达到50％所用的时间为12d,而氯氧镁水泥试样失效时间只有3d,因此玻璃纤维增强碱式硫酸镁水泥材料老化寿命时间长,更适合应用于实际工程中.     

不同激发剂对钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学性能影响的研究

通过往钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料中掺加不同掺量的减水剂、硫酸钠和水泥,研究不同激发剂不同掺量对其力学性能的影响及影响机理,并确定各激发剂的不同掺量,以达到提高力学性能的目的。分析研究表明,当减水剂掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为1.48MPa和5.75MPa;当硫酸钠掺量为0.8%时钛石膏-粉煤灰复合胶凝材料力学强度最大,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为2.54MPa和9.61MPa;当水泥掺量为10%时力学性能较好,其28d抗折、抗压强度分别为,6.31MPa和18.75MPa。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。