地质聚合物应用现状及前景展望

地质聚合物是一种无机聚合铝硅酸盐胶凝材料。由于其特殊的缩聚三维网络结构,使其在众多方面具有高分子材料、水泥和陶瓷,金属等材料的特征。分析了地质聚合物的聚合反应机理,性能特点,简要叙述了地质聚合物的发展历程和应用现状,并概述了其在工程建筑、有毒废料、涂料、固封材料和陶瓷材料等领域的应用发展前景。     

地质聚合物在油田固井中的应用

地质聚合物作为一种低碳、耐腐蚀的新型胶凝材料,发展迅速,得到迅速而广泛的发展,并在建筑、塑料和航空航天等行业得到应用。在油气行业中,地质聚合物替代普通硅酸盐水泥作为固井胶凝材料的技术成熟度还不高。简述了近年来地质聚合物固井技术的研究开发情况,以及地质聚合物固井技术发展和应用存在的一些问题。     

地质聚合物基分子筛合成方法及在工业废水处理中的应用研究进展

地质聚合物是三维立体网状结构的无机凝胶材料，其具有原料来源广泛、制备工艺简单、耗能小、污染低，其具有优良的吸附性、较高耐酸碱腐蚀性和较强机械性能等特点。分子筛具有内部孔道均匀、比表面积大、反应选择性高等优点，是一种新型环保的吸附材料。由于其与地质聚合物存在物质传递和结构遗传的关系，分子筛可在一定条件下由地质聚合物转化而成。富含硅铝元素的工业废渣均可制备地质聚合物和分子筛，由于其自身特点，常被用作吸附剂处理工业废水，从而实现资源化利用和“以废治废”的目的。本工作综述了地质聚合物基分子筛合成和工业废水应用方面的研究进展，介绍分子筛原料来源和材料性能特点，总结利用粉煤灰、尾矿、矿渣等材料制备地质聚合物基分子筛的合成方法，分析分子筛材料处理工业废水的应用现状，对寻找到更加经济先进的分子筛合成工艺和推广工业化应用进行展望。     

地质聚合物在重金属处理中的进展

地质聚合物因其具有成本低、环保、抗压强度高、耐酸、耐高温等特性而逐渐成为重金属污染处理的良好材料。首先，介绍了地质聚合物种类、制备方法及其碱性活化机理。接着，阐述了地质聚合物与重金属相互作用机理。然后，介绍了影响地质聚合物处理重金属离子效果的重要因素，如地质聚合物、重金属种类和反应条件等。最后，分析了地质聚合物在重金属处理方面存在的问题并对其发展前景进行展望，以期为今后的深入研究和实际应用提供参考。     

地质聚合物在重金属处理中的应用进展

地质聚合物因其具有成本低、环保、抗压强度高、耐酸、耐高温等特性而逐渐成为重金属污染处理的良好材料。首先,介绍了地质聚合物种类、制备方法及其碱性活化机理。接着,阐述了地质聚合物与重金属相互作用机理。然后,介绍了影响地质聚合物处理重金属离子效果的重要因素,如地质聚合物Si/Al物质的量比、重金属种类和反应条件等。最后,分析了地质聚合物在重金属处理方面存在的问题并对其发展前景进行展望,以期为今后的深入研究和实际应用提供参考。     

浅谈地质聚合物材料力学性能的影响因素及研究进展

随着生产建筑材料过程中产生的CO2气体以及固体废弃物日愈增多,使得低耗能、低排放的地质聚合物材料成为研究者关注的热点,地质聚合物因其特殊的水化产物,所以具有良好的力学性能,然而因其强度波动较大使得实际应用中地质聚合物并不常见且力学性能是评估工程材料的基本性能。鉴于此,通过总结国内外影响地质聚合物力学性能的研究进展,综述并讨论了激发剂的种类、碱浓度、制备方法、养护制度、泛碱等方面对其的影响,为地质聚合物的实际生产应用提供了参考和借鉴。     

地质聚合物基废水处理吸附材料研究进展

地质聚合物是活性铝硅酸盐矿物在碱激发作用下形成的一类无机胶凝材料,除可替代传统硅酸盐水泥用作建筑材料外,作为吸附材料用于废水处理也显示出广阔前景.由于原材料种类和制备工艺的不同,地质聚合物基吸附材料对有害物质的去除能力差异显著.介绍了地质聚合物基吸附材料凝胶法、水热法和焙烧法三种制备方法,综述了不同物理形态的地质聚合物基吸附材料及其微观结构和吸附能力之间的关系,阐述了吸附条件(pH值、吸附时间、温度和初始离子浓度)对地质聚合物吸附能力的影响,总结了吸附动力学、热力学和吸附等温线模型方面的研究进展,提出了地质聚合物基吸附材料未来的研究方向.     

地质聚合物力学性能影响分析及应用前景探讨

随着水泥的生产成本越来越高以及政府对节能减排政策的大力支持，新型绿色环保材料地质聚合物越来越受到人们的青睐，是潜在替代水泥的最佳建材之一。地质聚合物抗压强度高，其耐火、耐高温、耐腐蚀等性能优秀，以来源广泛的工业废渣为原材料，像矿渣、粉煤灰等，可以达到固废资源回收利用的目的。综述了地质聚合物的反应机理，分析了硅铝材料种类、激发剂、养护条件、液固比等制备因素对地质聚合物力学性能的影响机理，概述了当前地质聚合物在道路修复与固化、固化重金属和研制特殊材料领域的工程应用现状及前景，指出了当前地质聚合物在工程应用中存在的难题，提出可行的解决方案，并对其未来应用进行了展望。     

地质聚合物固定重金属离子的研究进展

地质聚合物作为一种新型铝硅酸盐绿色材料,具有机械性能优异、耐久性高、原料来源广、能源消耗小和生产工艺简单等优点,被广泛应用在建筑材料、耐火材料和固定重金属离子等领域。地质聚合物固定重金属离子的机制可分为物理机制(物理包封和离子交换)和化学机制(化学键合、形成化合物和还原剂耦合)。本文综述了近年来地质聚合物在固定重金属离子领域的研究进展,简要介绍了地质聚合物的制备流程及地质聚合反应过程,重点介绍了地质聚合物固定重金属离子的机制。此外,介绍了添加剂种类和掺量、碱激发剂种类和掺量、硅铝比、养护温度和重金属离子对固定效果的影响。最后,总结了近年来地质聚合物固定重金属离子领域的研究应用进展,分析了存在的问题并对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

关于地质聚合物的综述

地聚物是一种高性能水泥基材料,具三维立体网状结构的无机聚合物。本文介绍了地质聚合物的来源及其性质。综述了国内外的研究现状及其在材料中的应用。通过研究分析地质聚合物的应用现状,发现其存在的问题。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。