羧甲基纤维素对滑石的抑制作用及影响因素

通过浮选实验、吸附量测量、动电位测试及溶液化学计算,研究羧甲基纤维素(CMC)对滑石浮选的影响,并考察其作用机理.结果表明,滑石具有较好的天然可浮性,CMC是滑石的有效抑制剂.CMC对滑石的抑制作用受矿浆pH值和溶液中离子的浓度影响较大,在酸性pH值条件下或溶液中有离子存在时,CMC与滑石之间的静电排斥作用较小,吸附量较高,抑制效果较强.     

改性水玻璃和捕收剂KC_2对萤石与方解石、石英浮选分离的作用效果

通过对萤石、方解石和石英进行浮选试验、药剂吸附量测定以及红外光谱分析,研究了改性水玻璃和捕收剂KC_2对萤石与方解石、石英浮选分离的效果及作用机理。结果表明,捕收剂KC_2在萤石和方解石表面均发生较强的化学吸附,而在石英表面吸附量很小;分别使用改性水玻璃和水玻璃这两种抑制剂进行浮选试验发现,改性水玻璃对方解石的抑制效果较好。改性水玻璃在方解石表面发生强烈的化学吸附,对KC_2体系中方解石的浮选产生抑制,这有利于萤石与方解石、石英的浮选分离。     

中性条件下蓝晶石矿物的浮选行为研究

通过单矿物浮选实验、动电位、吸附量及红外光谱测试分析,考察了蓝晶石、石英、黑云母的浮选行为以及矿物与药剂的作用机理。浮选实验结果表明,在中性条件下,单独用十二胺盐酸盐(DAC)作捕收剂,3者可浮性差异不大,不能有效分离,必须添加抑制剂。3种抑制剂在相同的质量浓度下,对蓝晶石矿物的抑制强弱顺序为:淀粉水玻璃氟化钠。金属阳离子的添加对3种矿物的浮选影响也不同,对蓝晶石及石英的抑制强弱顺序为:Al 3+Fe3+Mg2+Ca2+,对黑云母的抑制顺序为Ca2+Mg2+Al 3+Fe3+,黑云母总体趋势变化不明显。动电位、吸附量及红外光谱分析表明,淀粉在蓝晶石表面的吸附为物理吸附,并且主要通过氢键作用来实现,这样淀粉对蓝晶石具有更强的抑制能力,能有效地实现蓝晶石矿物的反浮选分离。     

壳聚糖对微细粒蛇纹石的分散/絮凝作用

通过沉降试验、吸附量测试和Zeta电位测试,研究壳聚糖对微细粒蛇纹石的分散及絮凝作用,并考察其作用机理.结果表明:蛇纹石的沉降受pH值影响较大,在pH =9时沉降较快.壳聚糖对蛇纹石的絮凝作用受pH影响较大,在pH值为3时,壳聚糖溶解在水中,通过氢键作用吸附在蛇纹石表面,吸附量较低,对微细粒蛇纹石产生分散作用,使其沉降速度降低;pH值为9时,壳聚糖从溶液中析出,沉积在蛇纹石表面,吸附量较大,从而使微细粒蛇纹石形成较大的絮团,沉降速度较快并在底部形成体积较大的沉降体.当沉降体的pH值从9变为3时,沉积在蛇纹石表面的壳聚糖重新溶解,絮凝作用消失,蛇纹石絮团分散,蛇纹石颗粒在自身重力作用下继续沉降,使沉降体体积降低,含水量也降低.     

铜离子和镍离子对绿泥石的抑制作用及机理

通过浮选实验、动电位测量、ICP离子浓度测试及溶液化学计算,研究铜离子和镍离子对绿泥石浮选的影响,并考察其作用机理.结果表明,绿泥石具有一定的天然可浮性,一定pH值条件下铜离子和镍离子能够水解生成亲水的氢氧化物沉淀,通过静电作用吸附在绿泥石表面,抑制绿泥石的浮选;在较高pH条件下,生成的氢氧化物沉淀与绿泥石表面电性相同,吸附量较少,抑制效果较弱.     

组合抑制剂对重晶石与白云石浮选分离的影响

通过单矿物试验、人工混合矿分离试验研究了酸性水玻璃、单宁酸、酸性水玻璃+单宁酸对重晶石、白云石浮选的影响。单矿物试验结果表明,以HN-1作为捕收剂的浮选体系中,酸性水玻璃+单宁酸用量达到60mg/L时,白云石回收率为17.10%,明显低于使用单一抑制剂的白云石回收率,表明使用组合抑制剂可更强烈地抑制白云石,同时对重晶石可浮性影响较小。人工混合矿分离试验结果表明,在酸性水玻璃+单宁酸用量为54mg/L+6mg/L的条件下重晶石与白云石的浮选分离指标最好,其中泡沫精矿含BaSO_493.81%、CaCO_36.02%,BaSO_4回收率为95.48%;产品的扫描电镜分析结果表明,该条件下重晶石泡沫精矿中的白云石仅为少量的被重晶石包裹的微细粒态白云石,表明使用组合抑制剂的抑制效果远优于单一抑制剂。     

利用氟化钠消除蛇纹石对黄铁矿浮选不利影响的机理研究

通过浮选试验、Zeta电位测试、SEM-EDS测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测试研究了氟化钠在蛇纹石/黄铁矿体系中的作用机理。蛇纹石是硫化铜镍矿中的主要脉石矿物,不仅会抑制硫化矿物的浮选,而且会进入浮选精矿使后续的冶炼成本增加,因此需要利用氟化钠来消除蛇纹石对黄铁矿浮选的不利影响。研究结果表明,氟化钠可以显著改变蛇纹石的表面电位,使蛇纹石和黄铁矿由原来的静电吸引变为静电排斥,使黄铁矿在蛇纹石存在条件下的浮选回收率由41.2%提升至82.5%。其机理是氟化钠可以与蛇纹石表面的Mg(OH)_(2)反应生成MgF_(2),减少蛇纹石表面暴露的Mg^(2+),从而改变蛇纹石的表面电位,提高黄铁矿的浮选回收率。     

Zn2+存在体系中菱锌矿与石英浮选分离的研究

以油酸钠为捕收剂,通过单矿物浮选试验、ξ-电位测试、吸附量测定及溶液化学分析,研究了水玻璃与六偏磷酸钠对Zn2+存在体系中菱锌矿与石英浮选分离的影响,并对其机理进行了讨论.结果表明,难免离子Zn2+对石英的活化是二者不能分离的主要原因.在矿浆中优先加入水玻璃,无法使二者有效分离;六偏磷酸钠的加入,可以明显减弱捕收剂在石英表面的吸附,使其可浮性显著下降,增大与菱锌矿的可浮性差异,从而实现菱锌矿与石英的分离.     

胺类强抑制泡沫钻井液的研究

针对泡沫钻井过程中井壁失稳问题,采用Waring-Blender法、滚动回收实验以及硬度测试,通过对发泡剂、稳泡剂以及胺类泥页岩抑制剂的优选,筛选出发泡性能优越,抗温、抗污染能力强,且具有强效持久抑制性能的胺类强抑制泡沫钻井液。同时,借助红外光谱与XRD分析手段,分析胺类泥页岩抑制剂抑制作用机理。结果表明,低分子胺类聚合物能进入黏土晶层,阻止水分子进入并水化黏土。高分子胺类聚合物由于相对分子质量大,不能有效地进入黏土晶层,因此主要吸附于黏土表面,形成分子保护膜,防止周围流体中水分子的进一步侵入。由于胺类聚合物通过提供多重阳离子吸附于黏土矿物上,因此能保持长久性黏土稳定且不易于逆转吸附,从而具备持久抑制性能。     

组合抑制剂对萤石与方解石浮选行为研究

萤石和方解石作为典型的含钙矿物,两者的表面物理化学性质较相似。因此方解石型萤石矿的有效分离是选矿领域的难题之一。以水玻璃、硫酸铝及两者组合成为盐化水玻璃作为萤石浮选阶段的抑制剂,通过纯矿物浮选实验进行研究,探究了这三种抑制剂对萤石和方解石抑制作用行为。试验结果表明,单一使用水玻璃或硫酸铝条件下,抑制效果不佳。而盐化水玻璃(硫酸铝∶水玻璃为2∶5)时,能有效抑制脉石方解石,实现对萤石矿的有效分离。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。