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采用氢氧化锂/尿素/水溶液作为溶剂,通过冷冻-解冻配置稳定的纤维素溶液并制备纤维素膜.利用高碘酸钠选择性氧化纤维素葡萄糖单元临近的两个羟基制备出二醛纤维素,然后用氨基聚硅氧烷对其进行改性制备出憎水性复合纤维素膜.通过傅立叶红外光谱仪、扫描电镜、热重分析、接触角测定和溶胀率测定等表征氧化纤维素和憎水性复合纤维素的结构和性能.研究了不同质量分数的高碘酸溶液对纤维素的氧化程度以及对纤维素膜的结构的影响,通过改变氨基聚硅氧烷的摩尔浓度来制备不同接枝度的憎水性复合纤维素.结果表明,二醛纤维素具有很强的反应活性,改性纤维素膜的憎水性得到明显提高.在纤维素改性及功能化材料制备的研究中,较强的反应活性使其可以应用在更多的领域. 相似文献
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亚临界水/二氧化碳中纤维素降解制备5-羟甲基糠醛的机理及动力学 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用气相色谱-质谱联用对亚临界水/二氧化碳二元体系中纤维素降解制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)的反应产物进行分析,考察了纤维素降解生成5-HMF的机理,建立了纤维素降解反应的动力学方程.实验得出,在亚临界水体系以亚临界水/二氧化碳二元体系中纤维素降解生成5-羟甲基糠醛的反应均为一级反应,纤维素降解的表观活化能分别为113.32 kJ/mol和104.74 kJ/mol. 相似文献
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以亚临界H2O-CO2二元体系为反应介质,采用高效液相色谱法对纤维素制备乙酰丙酸的产物进行分析,探讨了亚临界水解纤维素反应制备乙酰丙酸的反应机理,并建立了其反应动力学方程.结果表明,亚临界水解纤维素反应制备乙酰丙酸的反应为一级反应,其表观活化能为141.52 kJ/mol,指前因子为3.73×1011 min-1. 相似文献
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生物质组分复杂,各组分之间存在着共价键等相互作用,因而它在水解过程中不仅涉及到纤维素、半纤维素和木质素之间的相互作用,还涉及到它们水解产物之间的二次反应.基于此,本研究以木粉作为生物质代表,从中分离出综纤维素和木质素,对综纤维素、木质素、木综混合物以及木粉在亚临界水中的水解行为和产物分布进行了研究.研究发现当反应温度低... 相似文献
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高碘酸盐氧化纤维素反应条件温和,反应生成的双醛纤维素含高反应活性的醛基,能够发生还原、磺化、氧化、胺化等反应,得到各种纤维素衍生物。该文主要介绍了高碘酸盐氧化纤维素的反应特征、双醛纤维素的衍生反应、高碘酸盐氧化法制备纳米纤维素的方法及双醛纤维素及衍生物在生物医药和废水处理等领域的应用。 相似文献
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以钌、铝两种金属制备了纳米多孔钌催化剂,并将其应用于催化纤维素制甲烷反应中。对纤维素和催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、TEM和XPS表征,并对催化过程进行了温度和压力考察。结果表明:在反应温度220℃、初始氢气压力0.5 MPa下反应8 h,纤维素转化率为75.8%,甲烷选择性达到82.2%。具有纳米多孔结构的催化剂稳定性良好,可循环套用10次,甲烷收率保持在73.2%~79.5%。考察了纤维素的转化历程和反应前后纤维素结构变化。结果表明:纤维素制备甲烷反应分为酸催化的水解过程和纳米多孔钌催化的加氢过程两个阶段。钒改性纳米多孔钌双功能催化体系可以提高纤维素向甲烷转化,纤维素的转化率及甲烷的收率分别达到了49.3%和38.8%。 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%. 相似文献
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醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。 相似文献