磷酸镁水泥耐水性的影响因素与改进措施

镁水泥(MPC)是一种新型的早强快硬胶凝材料,可作为修补材料应用于工程修补.从磷酸镁水泥的水化机理出发,讨论磷酸镁水泥主要水化产物鸟粪石( MgNH4PO4·6H2O)的性质、形成及影响因素,及其与磷酸镁水泥耐水性的关系.从理论上提出了通过选择合适活性、粒度和低CaO含量的原材料、优化配合比、控制体系pH值和掺加粉煤灰...     

不同矿物掺合料对改性硫氧镁水泥性能影响的研究

为探究矿物掺合料对改性硫氧镁水泥的影响及作用机理,分别将不同掺量的粉煤灰、矿粉掺入改性硫氧镁水泥中,对其力学性能、耐水性和耐酸性进行测试,并结合X射线衍射和扫描电镜对其物相组成及微观形貌进行表征和分析。研究结果表明:粉煤灰的掺入会提高改性硫氧镁水泥的3 d强度,但后期强度有所下降,当粉煤灰掺量大于20%(质量分数)时,其28 d抗压强度相较于基准组损失了14.7%;掺入矿粉对改性硫氧镁水泥的前期强度影响较小,并导致后期强度下降,当矿粉掺量为30%~40%(质量分数)时,水泥的28 d强度损失率高达17.3%。适量的粉煤灰与矿粉均能够提升改性硫氧镁水泥的耐水性和耐硫酸腐蚀性,其中水泥的耐硫酸腐蚀性随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而增强,耐硫酸腐蚀效果最好时矿粉掺量为20%。     

粉煤灰对硫氧镁水泥抗压强度的影响

为了研究粉煤灰对硫氧镁水泥抗压强度的影响,对不同H2O/MgSO4摩尔比的硫氧镁水泥掺入粉煤灰后的硬化体的抗压强度进行了测试,讨论了粉煤灰对硫氧镁水泥抗压强度和水化产物的影响.结果表明,在龄期1d时,各配比硫氧镁水泥抗压强度均随粉煤灰掺量的增加(0％～50％)而降低,在28 d龄期时,对于H2O/MgSO4的摩尔比为20时,硫氧镁水泥抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量增加而增加,对于H2O/MgSO4的摩尔比为28时,硫氧镁水泥抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量增加而呈降低趋势.粉煤灰颗粒的填充孔隙作用使得硫氧镁水泥硬化体更加密实,可提高硫氧镁水泥抗压强度.     

改性硫氧镁水泥的配制及性能研究

为了确定配制改性硫氧镁水泥的最优工艺参数,首先研究了配制硫氧镁水泥时所用原料轻烧氧化镁(MgO)与七水硫酸镁(MgSO_4·7H_2O)的最佳配比,然后在此基准上研究添加改性剂(分别为水玻璃与磷酸)对水泥耐水性的影响,以及添加不同种类掺合料(分别为粉煤灰、矿渣和硅灰)对水泥强度的影响。结果表明:MgO与MgSO_4·7H_2O的最佳配比是5(物质的量比),此时配制的硫氧镁水泥净浆的28 d抗压强度达到42 MPa,主要物相是3Mg(OH)_2·MgSO_4·8H_2O(简称3·1·8相)、5Mg(OH)_2·MgSO_4·8H_2O(简称5·1·8相)和少量Mg(OH)_2。掺入粉煤灰后,水泥的强度损失比较明显,但其内掺量在10%~30%(w)时对早期强度的影响很小;掺入5%(w)硅灰后,抗压强度超过不加掺合物的;掺入矿渣粉对水泥的早期强度有利。耐水性试验表明,掺入改性剂磷酸和水玻璃都可以有效改善硫氧镁水泥的耐水性,其中磷酸的改善效果要好于水玻璃的。SEM观察发现,硫氧镁水泥中的5·1·8相为细小针状晶体,互相穿插在一起,使镁水泥具有良好的密实度,改善了硫氧镁水泥的强度及其耐水性。     

矿物掺合料对磷酸镁水泥性能影响及机理研究现状

磷酸镁水泥(MPC),具有快硬、早强等优点,应用于道路抢修、重金属固化等领域,但其存在凝结时间过快、耐久性差等缺陷。通过矿物掺合料对MPC进行改性,延缓其凝结时间、改善其耐久性的同时,实现了工业废渣的循环再利用。本工作综述了粉煤灰、矿渣、偏高岭土、硅灰等矿物掺合料对MPC流动度、凝结时间、力学性能、耐久性的影响,并对矿物掺合料改性磷酸镁水泥的机理进行了分析探讨。鉴于目前矿物掺合料改性磷酸镁水泥研究中存在的问题,并结合实际应用需求,对MPC改性研究及其发展方向进行了展望,为矿物掺合料改性MPC研究提供相关依据。     

矿物掺合料对氯氧镁水泥早期水化行为的影响

研究了矿物改性氯氧镁水泥前期水化行为,绘制了各矿物掺合料氯氧镁水泥水化电阻率-时间曲线,测试终凝时间以及1 d抗弯与抗压强度。结果表明,矿物掺合料能够延缓氯氧镁水泥水化速度,并随着矿物掺合料掺量的提高,其水化速度逐渐变慢。同等掺量下硅灰延缓反应时间的作用最为明显,其次是石粉与粉煤灰。硅灰的掺入延缓氯氧镁水泥水化速度,大幅度提高其初终凝时间,降低早期强度,其掺量不宜超过20%。粉煤灰与石粉氯氧镁水泥初终凝时间均在规范要求以内,对早期抗弯拉强度与抗压强度影响幅度相对较小。添加粉煤灰与石粉试样晶体较掺硅灰试样结晶程度更高。     

粉煤灰对磷酸镁水泥的影响

研究了粉煤灰掺量对磷酸镁水泥凝结时间、流动度和抗压强度的影响规律,通过XRD和SEM-EDS分析了粉煤灰对磷酸镁水泥的作用机理.结果表明:随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,磷酸镁水泥的凝结时间先减小后增大,流动度先增大后减小,而抗压强度随着粉煤灰掺量的增大而降低.     

普通硅酸盐水泥基矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

本文研究了普通硅酸盐水泥掺量及不同种类和掺量的矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响.结果表明普通硅酸盐水泥掺量小于60％时,普硅水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥体系(OPC-SAC体系)的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而降低,普通硅酸盐水泥掺量大于60％时,OPC-SAC体系的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而增大.并且对早期强度的影响较大.在硫铝酸盐水泥体系中掺入矿渣、粉煤灰和硅灰时,其胶砂强度随着掺量的增加而降低,在相同掺量下,矿物掺合料对强度的贡献率为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰,对凝结时间的影响强弱为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰.     

新型化学结合磷酸镁水泥的制备和性能研究

化学结合磷酸镁水泥（MPC）是一种快硬、早强的新型胶凝材料,可用于混凝土结构的快速修补.通过三种不同细度1 700℃重烧氧化镁（M）和工业级KH2P04（P）制备钾基磷酸镁水泥,研究M/P摩尔比、MgO细度、硼砂掺量等因素对磷酸镁水泥凝结时间和力学性能的影响,以XRD和TG-DSC表征磷酸镁水泥的水化产物.实验结果表明,磷酸镁水泥最佳M/P在4～5之间,1d强度最高可达45.6 MPa; MgO粉末细度对磷酸镁水泥的凝结性能影响很大,MgO的细度应控制在2 000 ～3 000 cm2/g之间,符合该细度要求的M2具有最合适的凝结时间和最高的抗压强度;硼砂对磷酸镁水泥有一定缓凝作用,但对磷酸镁水泥早期强度影响很大,24 h后抗压强度几乎无差别.磷酸镁水泥的主要水化产物为MgKPO4·6H2O和水化凝胶,但在凝结较快的M3中有MgKPO4·H2O生成.     

C50高强混凝土配合比的优化研究

对C50高强混凝土所用水泥品种以及外掺料的选取展开研究,从而实现C50高强混凝土的配合比的优化。结果表明:C50高强混凝土最优水泥品种为P·O42.5;矿粉对C50混凝土的配合比较为不利;粉煤灰单掺混凝土抗压强度分别比矿粉单掺以及无掺合料混凝土提高了11.3%和8.5%,最优混凝土掺合料为粉煤灰;粉煤灰与矿粉作为混合掺合料时混凝土抗压强度值最低,粉煤灰与矿粉作为C50高强混凝土掺合料最为不利。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997