普通硅酸盐水泥基矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

本文研究了普通硅酸盐水泥掺量及不同种类和掺量的矿物掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响.结果表明普通硅酸盐水泥掺量小于60％时,普硅水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥体系(OPC-SAC体系)的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而降低,普通硅酸盐水泥掺量大于60％时,OPC-SAC体系的胶砂强度随着普通硅酸水泥掺量的增加而增大.并且对早期强度的影响较大.在硫铝酸盐水泥体系中掺入矿渣、粉煤灰和硅灰时,其胶砂强度随着掺量的增加而降低,在相同掺量下,矿物掺合料对强度的贡献率为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰,对凝结时间的影响强弱为:硅灰＞矿粉＞粉煤灰.     

减水剂与石灰石粉复合胶凝材料的适应性研究

针对石灰石粉在掺合料混凝土中的应用所产生的外加剂与胶凝体系的适应性问题,采用饱和点和流动度的方法比较了减水剂与不同复合胶凝材料(石灰石粉-粉煤灰、石灰石粉-矿渣、石灰石粉-硅灰)的适应性影响规律.试验结果表明:不同复合胶凝材料组成的适应性存在显著差异,石灰石粉的掺入能够降低聚羧酸高效减水剂的饱和点;粉煤灰和矿渣的掺入对改善聚羧酸高效减水剂与石灰石粉-水泥胶凝体系的适应性有利;硅灰的掺入使得聚羧酸高效减水剂与石灰石粉-水泥胶凝体系的适应性变差;石灰石粉-粉煤灰的掺入,混凝土的早期强度降低,但是混凝土的后期强度得到提高.     

三元胶凝材料比例对自流平砂浆性能的影响

硅酸盐水泥-硫铝酸盐水泥-半水石膏三元胶凝体系可以满足自流平砂浆凝结快、早期强度高、收缩小等要求,而三元胶凝材料的比例又是影响自流平砂浆性能的主要因素.研究结果表明,半水石膏比例是影响流动度和凝结时间的主要因素,为了满足快凝、大流动性的自流平要求,半水石膏的比例不宜过高.自流平砂浆的强度和体积变形主要受硫铝酸盐水泥与半水石膏的比例影响,比例较低时会在早期产生较大的体积膨胀而影响强度的发展.为满足自流平砂浆工作性、强度及体积变形的要求,建议控制硫铝酸盐水泥和半水石膏质量比不小于2:1.三元胶凝体系自流平砂浆水化产物主要为棒状的三硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFt)和片状的单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)晶体以及一些絮状凝胶体.     

掺矿渣粉、粉煤灰对水泥水化热的影响

通过矿渣粉、粉煤灰及双掺矿渣粉和粉煤灰不同掺量对胶凝材料水化热性能影响的试验研究，得出矿渣粉、粉煤灰也有水化热，但其水化热比水泥水化热要低，用矿渣粉、粉煤灰等量取代部分水泥，胶凝材料的水化热就会降低。但降低的幅度不完全与矿渣粉、粉煤灰的掺量成比例。单从降低胶凝材料水化热的角度而言，掺粉煤灰的效果最好，掺矿渣微粉次之，矿渣微粉与粉煤灰联合掺用效果最差。     

脱硫石膏在水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣粉复合胶凝体系普通干混砂浆中的应用研究

本文针对水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣粉复合胶凝体系配制的干混砂浆早期和后期强度较低的难题,选取粉煤灰、矿渣粉两者单掺或复掺取代水泥率为70%的复合胶凝体系,研究脱硫石膏(FGD)对该体系活性的改进效果.结果表明:掺加一定量的FGD对水泥-粉煤灰-矿渣粉复合胶凝体系活性的改进效果明显,能明显提高该体系的早期和后期抗压强度和拉伸粘结强度,且能使胶凝体系的收缩降低10%以上;通过XRD和SEM、孔结构微观分析表明:FGD对粉煤灰或矿渣粉起到了硫酸盐和碱性激发的双重作用,且对水泥水化也有一定的促进作用,胶凝体系水化产物改善了浆体内部结构,使浆体中空隙大大降低.     

活性复合掺合料对水泥胶砂抗侵蚀性能影响

以防腐阻锈成分、粉煤灰、矿渣粉等量取代部分水泥,研究单掺防腐阻锈成分、双掺粉煤灰和矿渣粉以及复掺三者时对水泥胶砂抗蚀系数、电极电位的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对不同复合掺合料水化产物和表面特征进行分析.试验结果表明:单掺FZJ的水泥胶砂,当掺量为6%时,其初始抗蚀系数比未掺的基准水泥胶砂高20%;双掺粉煤灰与矿渣粉的水泥胶砂,当两者掺量为65%时,100次循环后抗蚀系数远高于基准水泥胶砂,抗蚀效果显著;三者复掺最佳替代水泥量为71%时,56 d电极电位曲线趋向钝化,水泥胶砂的抗氯盐锈蚀效果最显著.电镜分析表明:防腐阻锈成分对粉煤灰、矿渣粉实现了碱改性,增加其二次水化活性,使三者复合掺合料的砂浆试块抗侵蚀性能随养护龄期的增长更加显著,为在氯盐、硫酸盐环境下矿物掺合料砂浆或混凝土耐久性研究提供应用技术.     

铁尾矿微粉复合矿物掺合料的试验研究

为促进尾矿资源利用,开发新型矿物掺合料,将铁尾矿微粉和矿渣粉、粉煤灰复掺,研究了复合掺合料组成、比例及掺量对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明:铁尾矿微粉可取代粉煤灰与矿渣粉按1:1比例复掺,复合掺合料在胶凝材料中掺量不超过40%时,可以满足混凝土性能要求,技术效果与粉煤灰相当。初步试验证明了铁尾矿微粉作为矿物掺合料的技术可行性。     

粉煤灰和矿渣微粉在水泥基材料中的复合效应研究

通过测定不同龄期的水泥净浆、砂浆和混凝土的力学强度以及水泥净浆的抗模拟酸雨侵蚀性能，探讨了在矿物掺合料总量为胶凝材料总量的40％时，单掺粉煤灰、单掺矿渣微粉以及粉煤灰与矿渣微粉双掺对水泥基材料性能的影响。试验结果表明：在本试验条件下，与基准试件相比，矿物掺合料的掺入可以显著改善水泥基材料的工作性能，但是在一定程度上会导致其力学性能的降低；同时双掺可以发挥出明显的“叠加效应”，但是“超叠加效应”不显著.     

石膏掺量对三元胶凝体系水泥基自流平砂浆的影响

研究了不同石膏掺量对硫铝酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏组成的三元胶凝体系制备的水泥基自流平砂浆工作性能、力学性能、收缩性能、水化产物、水化热的影响.结果 表明:石膏掺量基本不会影响自流平砂浆的流动度和凝结时间,石膏掺量≤40 g/kg时,自流平砂浆各龄期的抗折强度、抗压强度和28 d拉伸粘结强度随着石膏掺量的增加而增大,但石膏掺量≥50 g/kg时自流平砂浆因膨胀开裂各龄期的抗折强度、抗压强度和28 d拉伸粘结强度随着石膏掺量增加而降低.随着石膏掺量的增加自流平砂浆各龄期的收缩值由负变正,即由收缩变为膨胀.24h之前三元胶凝体系的水化放热速率及水化放热量均随着石膏掺量的增加而增大,当石膏掺量为60 g/kg时,因膨胀使得容器胀裂,三元胶凝体系的水化放热量在30 h出现最高峰后逐渐减小.     

复合石灰石粉-粉煤灰-矿渣混凝土抗冻融性能研究

为探究复合石灰石粉-粉煤灰-矿渣混凝土的抗冻融性能，对三种胶凝材料体系的混凝土，在四种不同水胶比下，进行快速冻融试验与压汞试验。从外观损伤、质量损失、相对动弹性模量及孔隙结构等方面研究其抗冻融性能退化规律。结果表明：在相同条件下，适当降低水胶比可以提高混凝土的抗冻融性能；与普通混凝土相比，由石灰石粉、矿渣和粉煤灰等矿物掺合料与水泥组成的复合胶凝材料体系，提高了混凝土抗冻融性能；因矿渣活性高于粉煤灰，“20%(质量分数，下同)石灰石粉+15%粉煤灰+15%矿渣”混凝土抗冻融性能弱于“20%石灰石粉+30%矿渣”混凝土；矿物掺合料能细化混凝土孔径，提升抗冻融性能。通过理论分析与试验数据回归，建立了不同胶凝材料体系下复合石灰石粉-粉煤灰-矿渣混凝土冻融损伤模型。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。