页岩气油气井水泥研究及生产制备

为探讨超细油井水泥性能和制备工艺,本文通过采用立式多转子气流分级机对油井水泥进行分级和相应工序处理获得7种不同颗粒粒径的油井水泥。利用激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分别对不同颗粒粒径油井水泥进行颗粒级配、矿物组成、水泥颗粒形貌及水泥石水化产物进行测试,同时测试稠化时间、稠度、流动度、强度等对其性能进行评价。研究结果表明,油井水泥在分级生产过程中出现分相现象;分级粗油井水泥在合适比例混合下可获得合格产品;不同颗粒粒径的油井水泥微观结构和物理性能差别大,随水泥比表面积增大,水泥颗粒间吸附力增强,浆体稠化时间缩短,初稠和水灰比增大,析水率降低,稳定性增加;在合适温度范围内,随温度升高,浆体强度增加,但颗粒过细,强度反而会下降。     

超细油井水泥性能研究及制备工艺探讨

为探讨超细油井水泥性能和制备工艺，本文通过采用立式多转子气流分级机对油井水泥进行分级和相应工序处理获得7种不同颗粒粒径的油井水泥。利用激光粒度仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等分别对不同颗粒粒径油井水泥进行颗粒级配、矿物组成、水泥颗粒形貌及水泥石水化产物进行测试，同时测试稠化时间、稠度、流动度、强度等对其性能进行评价。研究结果表明，油井水泥在分级生产过程中出现分相现象；分级粗油井水泥在合适比例混合下可获得合格产品；不同颗粒粒径的油井水泥微观结构和物理性能差别大，随水泥比表面积增大，水泥颗粒间吸附力增强，浆体稠化时间缩短，初稠和水灰比增大，析水率降低，稳定性增加；在合适温度范围内，随温度升高，浆体强度增加，但颗粒过细，强度反而会下降     

基于颗粒级配技术的防腐水泥浆体系的室内研究

基于颗粒级配技术用不同粒度的砂及微细水泥对G级水泥进行复配,研制了防腐水泥浆,对防腐水泥石和G级水泥石进行H_2S腐蚀对比研究,测定水泥石外观、腐蚀深度和抗压强度的变化,通过扫描电镜、X-衍射分析了水泥石腐蚀后的微观结构与成分。结果表明,通过颗粒级配技术复配的防腐水泥浆体系能够明显地改善水泥石的抗腐蚀性能。     

高温条件下G级油井水泥原浆及加砂水泥的水化和硬化

利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了80～240℃温度范围内温度、硅砂对G级油井水泥水化硬化的影响,检测和分析了硬化体的水化产物、微观结构和强度,揭示了水化产物组成、微观结构及硬化体抗压强度的变化特点.结果表明:当养护温度超过110℃时,不添加硅砂的水泥原浆的主要水化产物由CSH(Ⅱ),C2SH2,C3S2H3转变为C2SH,硬化体微观结构由三维网络状结构转变为板快状或团块状结构,原浆水泥石抗压强度随温度升高而降低;在相对较高的温度条件下,添加硅砂的水泥主要水化产物则分别转变为C5S6H5,C6S6H(>150℃),C5S5A0.5H5.5,C3.2S2H0.8及其他类型的水化硅酸钙晶体,硬化体的微观结构相应地变为纤维网状、粗框架、短平行针状及团块状,在温度为100～150℃范围时,添加硅砂的水泥硬化体抗压强度随温度升高而增加,而在温度为150～240℃范围时.抗压强度随温度升高而降低.对于温度超过120℃的深井,合理的硅砂加量为30%～40%.     

二氧化碳腐蚀对油井水泥石抗压强度的影响(英文)

利用扫描电子显微镜、强度测试仪检测了不同条件下二氧化碳腐蚀油井水泥的产物、微观结构及抗压强度,研究了二氧化碳腐蚀油井水泥的机理及腐蚀对水泥强度的影响,分析和评价出了适合于大庆油田不同温度深井条件的水泥浆体系.结果表明:二氧化碳对油井水泥的腐蚀作用本质在于二氧化碳能够与水泥的水化产物发生化学作用,生成了各种不同晶体结构的CaCO3产物,使原有的水泥石微观结构遭到破坏,导致腐蚀后水泥石的强度下降;温度和二氧化碳分压增高;改善水泥石抗腐蚀能力应以有效改善水泥水化产物及微观结构为基础,添加抗腐蚀填充材料能有效改善水泥浆体系的抗腐蚀能力.     

C级油井水泥在深水固井中的应用前景

针对深水表层固井存在的低温、水泥石强度发展缓慢、浅层流、易漏失等难点,本文对深水固井水泥浆体系中油井水泥的选择进行了相关研究。与G级油井水泥相比,C级油井水泥更容易配制低密度水泥浆,低温条件下水化速度更快,水泥浆稠化时间短,水泥石抗压强度更高。     

G级油井水泥的水化及硬化

研究了G级油井水泥在不同温度条件下的水化硬化特点及强度性能，分析了不同条件下硬化浆体水化产物的组成、形态及显微结构的变化特点，揭示了不同温度及外加剂条件下水泥石强度发展及变化规律，阐明了温度对水泥石强度性能产生影响的内在本质，确立了强度衰退的临界温度及抑制强度衰退的合理加砂量。     

超细"G"级油井水泥低温低密度水泥浆研究

针对海洋深水低温、破裂压力低等特点,通常要采用低密度水泥浆来封固深水表层;低温环境下普通"G"级油井水泥水化速度缓慢或几乎不进行水化反应,水泥石早期抗压强度低且发展缓慢。为有效降低现场候凝时间,节约深水作业成本,开发了一套适用于深水表层固井用超细"G"级水泥用低温低密度水泥浆。对水泥浆体系的设计原理与水泥浆组分进行了论述,并对该水泥浆体系在深水环境下的性能进行了评价,和中海油服现场在用的普通"G"级油井硅酸盐水泥浆体系进行了对比。结果表明,超细"G"级水泥低温低密度水泥浆体系在低温环境下具有较高早期强度、低失水量以及良好的流变性和稠化性能,其中密度为1.40g/cm~3及1.44g/cm~3的水泥浆在10～13℃温度下的稠化时间≥8hr,API失水70m L,1.40g/cm~3水泥石在10℃及13℃温度下养护24h后的抗压强度可达到3.9MPa及5.4MPa;1.44g/cm~3水泥石在10℃及13℃温度下养护24h后的抗压强度可达到5.8MPa及8.3MPa。同等水泥石密度及温度下,超细"G"级水泥石24h强度较中海油服在用的普通"G"级油井硅酸盐水泥石强度提高40%以上。     

常用外掺料对G级油井水泥体积稳定性及力学性能的影响*

针对G级油井水泥浆体体积收缩问题,对比研究了两种常用外掺料(矿渣和石英粉)对水泥浆体体积稳定性及力学性能的影响,并利用等温量热仪(ICC)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、压汞仪(MIP)和扫描电镜(SEM)分别测试了两种外掺料对水泥水化放热速率,水泥水化产物、孔结构及水泥石微观形貌的影响。结果表明:80℃下水泥净浆体积收缩主要发生在水化早期,对应水泥石早期抗压强度、抗折强度增长迅速;掺入30%比表面积为340m2/kg的矿渣部分改善浆体体积收缩,150d线收缩率较净浆减小32%,早期抗压强度、抗折强度减小,后期强度增大并超过净浆;掺入30%比表面积为710m2/kg的石英粉加剧了浆体体积收缩,150d线收缩率较净浆增大40%,早期抗压强度、抗折强度远低于净浆及掺30%矿渣水泥。长期水养后部分超细SiO2参与反应,加之细颗粒的填充作用使其150d力学强度超过净浆及掺30%矿渣水泥,即水泥石力学强度不仅与外掺料活性有关,还与其粒径分布和养护龄期密切相关。     

石英砂细度和掺量对G级油井水泥浆体系性能的影响

通常G级油井水泥石在高温环境下(≥110℃)易出现强度倒缩,可加入SiO₂≥95%的石英砂作为高温强度衰退抑制剂。本文通过室内综合试验研究,测试了不同细度、掺量的石英砂对G级油井水泥石强度及浆体综合性能的影响,分析了水泥石的形貌结构和水化产物。结果表明：掺入30%～35%的石英砂(粒径80μm筛筛余10%～15%)可使其水泥石中高温水化产物的钙硅比降低至1.0,达到防止油井水泥石在高温下强度衰退的目的,但当温度由160℃升高至180℃时,水化产物雪硅钙石转化成硬硅钙石使其加砂油井水泥石强度降低,故可将160℃作为一个临界衰退点。以粒径80μm筛筛余10%～15%、掺量30%的加砂油井水泥为基准材料,与外加剂配伍设计了一套抗高温油井水泥浆体系配方,其水泥浆各项性能指标均能满足油田技术指标,可为后期抗高温水泥浆体系设计提供依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.